Aim To investigate the toxicity of isopsor-alen in HepG2 cells and its effects on bile acid, bile acid synthesis and transport. Methods Cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay and bile acid was deter-mined inside HepG2 cells, with exposure to various isopsoralen for 24h. The mRNA transcription of BSEP, MRP2, MRP3, NTCP, OATP2, OSTα, CYP7A1, CYP27 A1 , FXR and PXR were assessed by real-time PCR. Results The cell viability was decreased dose-dependently with isopsoralen in HepG2 cells, and IC50 was 118. 1μmol·L-1 exposure to isopsoralen for 24h. Bile acid inside cells significantly increased with 100 and 400 μmol · L-1 isopsoralen. Isopsoralen caused the down-regulation of MRP2 , MRP3 , CYP7 A1 mRNA at 25 μmol · L-1 . Beside these, the up-regulation of OATP2,OSTα,CYP27A1,FXR,PXR with 100 μmol· L-1 isopsoralen, but there was no significant change of BSEP and NTCP. Conclusion The results show that isopsoralen induces bile acid accumulation and cytotox-icity which may be associated with the down-regulation of MRP2, MRP3 in HepG2 cells.

OBJECTIVETo explore the improvement of the method for the treatment of supracondylar fractures of humerus in order to prevent and decrease the occurrence of cubitus varus.

METHODSOne hundred and ninety-seven patients with supracondylar fractures of humerus included 167 males and 30 females with an average age of 8.7 years old ranging from 3 to 12 years. There were 179 cases of extention and 18 cases of flexion. Six cases were open fractures. Thirty-four patients of fractures underwent fixation by only plaster slab, 53 underwent manipulative reduction and fixation by plaster slab, 23 underwent traction reduction and fixation by plaster slab, 87 underwent surgical operation. Among the cases of operation, 29 cases adopted anterior-lateral incision of elbow and 85 adopted posterior-interior incision of elbow.

RESULTSAmong the 197 cases, 191 cases were followed up for 1 to 5 years with an average of 3.7 years. According to the correlated curative effect evaluation of supracondylar fractures of humerus, the results were excellent in 142 cases, good in 27, fair in 13, poor in 9. Cubitus varus occurred in 8 cases.

CONCLUSIONThe objective factors for the occurrence of elbow varus do exist. However, during the treatment of these fracture, if strict correction of the ulnar deviation and stability are maintained during the reduction, the rate of occurrence of elbow varus could made to decreased a minimum.

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Elbow ; physiopathology ; Female ; Fracture Fixation ; methods ; Humans ; Humeral Fractures ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Muscle, Skeletal ; physiopathology ; Postoperative Complications ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To investigate the expressions and mutual relationship of Galectin-3 andβ-catenin in endome?triosis (EM). Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression levels of Galectin-3 andβ-catenin and their mutual relationship in expression was also examined. Samples were collected from ectopic endometrium of patients with en?dometriosis (ectopic endometrium group, n=34), eutopic endometrium of patients with endometriosis (eutopic endometrium group, n=34) and normal endometrium from people without endometriosis (control group, n=30). Results The expressions of Galectin-3 were seen in 88.2%, 85.3%, 50.0%of cases in ectopic endometrium group, eutopic endometrium group and control group respectively. On the other hand, the expression ofβ-catenin were seen in 55.9%, 52.9%, 26.7%of cases in ecto?pic endometrium group, eutopic endometrium group and control group respectively. In EMs patients, the expression of Galec?tin-3 andβ-catenin were significantly higher in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than those in normal endome?trium group(P<0.05). Expression of Galectin-3 was positive correlated with expression ofβ-catenin(rs=0.512, 0.428, P<0.01). Conclusion Galectin-3 andβ-catenin may play important roles synergistically in the pathogenesis of endometriosis.

Fused teeth is defined as the union of enamel and dentin of two or more teeth germs,yielding a single tooth during tooth develop-ment.Their treatment is complex and usually need multidisciplinary approaches.This report presents a case of fused teeth treated by he-misection and discusses the clinical features and treatment options.

Objective:To review the drug absorption evaluation methods for pulmonary delivery. Methods: The drug absorption cell models, in vitro pulmonary membrane model and in vivo animal model were systematically summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of those models and applications were reviewed by referring to the databases in CNKI and Pubmed. Results:The appro-priate animal model and method for the study of pulmonary absorption should be chosen according to the experimental purpose and char-acteristics of drugs. Conclusion:The review provides the thoughts and theoretical basis for the research and development of pulmonary delivery.

Objective To observe endothelial cells secreting and expressing nitric oxide by using red laser irradiation ( RLI) on cultured endothelial cells. Methods Cultured endothelial cells were irradiated with a red laser for 10, 20, and 30 minutes, respectively, and the concentration of nitric oxide in the cell supernatant was measured after 15 min,30 min.1 h,3 h and 6 h. In addition, the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) and endotlielial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS) was measured through immunohistochemical staining. Results Compared with that in the control group, the expression of eNOS by the endothelial cells and the concentration of NO were stimulated by 2 mW RLI for 10 min, 20 min and 30 min, and reached a peak at 1 h, then declined gradually. The expression of iNOS, however, showed no significant difference. Conclusion RLI can increase NO concentrations in endothelial cells by stimulating the expression of eNOS rather than iNOS.

[ABSTRACT]OBJECTIVETo evaluate the accuracy of the watch peripheral arterial tone (Watch-PAT) in the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS).METHODSA total of 51 outpatients who had chief complaint of sleep snoring were carried out Watch-PAT test and polysomnography (PSG) simultaneously, and the results were statistically compared.RESULTSFifty one patients, consisted of 44 males and 7 females, had the mean age of (45.7±12.0) years (±s) and the mean body mass index of (28.8±3.6) kg/m2.The mean PSG apnea hypopnea index (AHI) was (45.69±12.02) events per hour, and mean Watch-PAT AHI was (35.49±24.49) events per hour. Significant correlation has been detected between Watch-PAT AHI and PSG AHI (r=0.878,P<0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of Watch-PAT were 97.73% and 85.71%, when PSG-AHI≥5/h events per hour was setting as the threshold value to diagnose OSAHS. The diagnostic efficiency of Watch-PAT has been tested by ROC curve, and the area under the curve approached to 0.997.CONCLUSIONThe Watch-PAT was proved as a portable and reliable device of screening patients who were suspected OSAHS.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the rescue and treatment of critical children with tracheobronchial foreign body. METHODS From June 2011 to June 2015,there were 2489 children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies treated in Children's Hospital of HeBei Province, among which 11critical children who were rescued as soon as they came to the hospital. The clinical data of the 11critical children were analyzed. RESULTS All the 11 critical cases endured dyspnea of third degree or more severe and presented severe hypoxia, in which 2 children had been performed tracheal intubation before they came to the hospital and 1 child even showed the symptom of respiratory and cardiac arrest. Among these critical cases, the foreign body was removed directly without anesthesia in 1 child. The other 2 children with severe pneumothorax, mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema in neck and chest area were treated by excision and drainage of emphysema firstly, and then the foreign bodies were extracted through bronchoscope after general anesthesia. The another 8 children were performed operations of extraction of bronchial foreign body and then the foreign bodies were taken out. All the 11 critical children were rescued successfully and no death cases happened. CONCLUSION Rapid diagnosis and rapid removal of foreign bodies is the key to save the lives of critical children with tracheobronchial foreign bodies.

Objectives To assess the plasma levels of acyl ghrelin (AG) and dys-acyl ghrelin (DG) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and hemodialysis (HD) patients and analyze their relationships with different stages of CKD and hemodialysis. Methods Forty-six CKD stage 1-5 patients and 15 hemodialysis patients were enrolled into the study. Body weight, height, hemoglobin, biochemical parameters, inflammatory parameters, preprandial, postprandial and 3 hours after hemodialysis plasma AG and DG levels were measured. Appetite and food intake were assessed. Body mass index (BMI), and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were calculated. Results There were no significant differences in BMI, SGA, appetite, food intake and malnutrition among CKD patients of different stages. eGFR was declining with the progression of CKD stages and patients received a three-week hemodi-alysis. Compared with that in CKD stage 1-2 patients, the level of preprandial and postprandial DG was remarkably increased in stage 3-5 patients (P<0.01). The level of DG was significantly decreased after a standard breakfast in CKD patients (P<0.01). CKD stage was positively correlated with preprandial (r=0.31, P<0.05)a nd postprandi-al DG (r=0.34, P < 0.05), TNF-α (r=0.33, P < 0.05), IL-6 (r=0.40, P < 0.05), leptin (r=0.34, P < 0.05), and age (r=0.41, P<0.05). CKD stage was also highly and positively correlated with the proportion of preprandial and postprandial DG (r=0.61, P<0.01;r=0.55, P<0.01). Multivariate partial-correlation analysis showed that CKD was independently associated with the proportion of preprandial and postprandial DG (r=0.55, P < 0.01; r=0.43, P < 0.01).There was no decrease in AG postprandially, nor any changes in AG resultant from dialysis (P > 0.05);levels of DG decreased slightly postprandially and were markedly decreased by hemodialysis (P<0.01), even lower than those seen postprandially in CKD stage 1-2;Both preprandial and postprandial DG were negatively correlated with serum albumin levels (r=-0.64, P < 0.05; r=-0.59, P < 0.05), while there was no correlation between AG and serum albumin levels. Conclusions There is a strong and independent correlation of DG with CKD stage. Postprandial suppression of ghrelin is impaired with reduced renal function. Hemodialysis removes DG but not AG.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Vigna umbellata Ohwi et Ohashi.METHODS The ethyl acetate fraction of 80％ ethanol extract from V.umbellata was isolated and purified by silica,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data and physicochemical properties.RESULTS Twelve compounds were isolated and elucidated as (+) catechin (1),(-) epicatechin (2),3-furanmethanol-β-D-glucopyranoside (3),myricetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4),quercetin7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),(+) catechin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (6),(+) catechin-5-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7),quercetin-3 '-O-α-L-rhamnoside (8),(±) dihydroquercetin (9),quercetin (10),ethyl gallate (11),propanediol (12).CONCLUSION All the compounds are isolated from V.umbellata for the first time,and compounds 4,8,9,11,12 are first obtained from genus Vigna.