ObjectiveTo investigate Kir4.1 expressions in Müller cells under high glucose conditions and treatment of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF).Methods Cultured rat Müller cells were divided into control group (5 mmol/L glucose),high glucose group (25 mmol/L glucose),PEDF treatment group (25 mmol/L glucose+ 100 ng/ml PEDF) and intervention control group(25 mmol/L glucose +phosphate buffer solution). Kir4.1 expressions were measured by Western blot and real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) productions were measured using 2′7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)expressions were studied by real-time RT-PCR.ResultsBy Western blot and real-time RT-PCR,it was found the expressions of Kir4.1 decreased obviously under high glucose conditions (real-time RT-PCR:t=4.12,P＜0.05; Western blot:t=3.53,P＜0.05) ; simultaneously,ROS generation was increased (t=3.76,P＜0.05) and GPx level was decreased (t=3.18,P＜0.05).PEDF treatment inhibited the high glucose-induced Kir4.1 down regulation (real-time RT-PCR:t =3.66,P＜0.05 ; Western blot:t =6.43,P＜0,01 ) and decreased ROS generations (t=4.11,P＜0.05) and increased GPx levels (t=5.12,P＜0.01).ConclusionsThe high glucose can supress Kir4.1 expressions in Müller cells by oxidative stress,and PEDF can ameliorate these effects.

The Outline-style homework is introduced, which is one of the characteristic diagnostic methods of TCM psychology. The outline-style homework contents include①the painful, sad or aggrieving things.②the person(s) or object(s) or event(s) that your are/were afraid of.③the past events about love relationship and sex that you are reluctant or feel too ashamed to mention.④the most trusted, dependence, unforgettable person, and why.⑤the most relaxed , happy time, and why? It comes from the ancient Chinese emotional theory and modern TCM psychotherapy practice. Nowadays, this method is widely used to help doctors quickly collect the patient's mental condition, growth experience, and convenient for clinical treatment.

Objective To investigate the complications associated with wearing soft corneal contact lens. Methods This study involved 120 patients (205 eyes) wearing soft corneal contact lens from January 2004 to February 2005. The examination included eyesight, slit lamp, corneal fluorescein staining, break-up time of tear film before final diagnosis. Results There were 30 eyes of simple conjunctival congestion, 42 eyes of macropapillary conjunctivitis, 86 eyes of xerophthalmia, 62 eyes of keratopathy and 21 eyes of ciliary congestion and forming of new vessels. Conclusions Many complications such as simple conjunctival congestion, macropapillary conjunctivitis, xerophthalmia et al will be caused by wearing soft corneal contact lens. This indicates that wearing soft corneal contact lens should be strictly controlled and patients should be followed-up regularly.

Objective To study the inhibitory effects of pigment epithelium derived factor (PEDF) on oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization in mice,and to investigate the possible involvement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the neovascular-inhibitory function of PEDF.Methods A total of 140 postnatal day (P)7 C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group,oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model group,PEDF treatment group and PBS treatment control group.All mice except normal control group with their mothers were exposed to (75 ± 2)％ oxygen environment for 5 days and then kept in room air for another 5 days to establish the OIR model.Mice in normal control group were kept in room air only.At P12 and P14,respectively,mice in PEDF treatment group received intravitreous injections of 1 μl PEDF (2 μg/μl),while PBS treatment control group received the same volume of PBS (10 mmol/L,pH7.4).All mice were euthanized at P17 and eyes were isolated.The changes of retinal vessels were observed on retinal flat mounts and cryosections by fluorescence microscopy.Retinal specimens were prepared for IL-1β protein and mRNA analysis by Western blot and real time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (Real-time RT-PCR).Results Changes of retinal vessels had been viewed by fluorescence microscopy on flat-mounted retina,the relative retinal neovascularization areas were significantly increased in OIR model group compared with normal control group (t =15.02,P＜0.01),and the relative retinal neovascularization areas were obviously smaller in PEDF treatment group than those in PBS treatment control group (t=5.96,P＜0.01).Fluorescence staining revealed that retinal vascular tufts were extending from outer plexiform layer (OPL) to ganglion cell layer (GCL) of the retina along with multiple interconnections; Neovascular tufts in OIR model group and PBS treatment control group were presenting distinctly more than those of normal control group and PEDF treatment group.The specific expression levels of IL-1β protein in retinas of OIR mice by Western blot analysis were higher than those of normal control group(t=3.35,P＜0.05),While these of PEDF treatment group showed a considerable decline in comparison with PBS treatment control group (P＜0.01),and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.764,P＞0.05).Similarly,expression levels of IL-1β mRNA tested by Real-time RT-PCR were obviously increased in the OIR model group when compared to normal control group(t =4.43,P ＜ 0.01).After treated with PEDF,expression levels of IL-1β mRNA showed a considerable decrease when compared to PBS treatment control group (P ＜ 0.01),and there were no difference in normal control group and PEDF-treated group (F=11.15,P＞0.05).Conclusions PEDF can inhibit oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization.The mechanism may be related to that PEDF can downregulate the expression of IL 1β in retina.

Objective To study the changes of corneal endothelium after silicone oil tamponade.Methods This trial involved 81 cases (81 eyes) who received vitrectomy with tamponade of silicone oil or vitrectomy and lensectomy with tamponade of silicone oil. The changes of corneal endothelium were observed before surgery and 1week, 1 month, 3 month, 6 month after surgery. Results The mean corneal endothelial cell densities was significantly decreased after surgery in all cases (P

Objective To discuss the resistance problems in Chinese psychotherapy.Methods The western psychology research literature was combined with the application of thought imprint psychotherapy under lower resistance(TIP) in Chinese psychotherapy clinical experience.Results The problems of resistance encountered in the process of psychological treatment were influenced by Chinese traditional culture,which were different from western psychology on causes,classification,performance and handling.Conclusion Respecting Chinese traditional culture,seizing the psychological characteristics of Chinese people and exerting the advantages of TCM psychology were keys of knowing the resistance problems in Chinese psychotherapy.

Many patients suffering from insomnia,especially chronic insomnia are treated by hypnotics.While taking hypnotics for long time will lead to drug dependence.How to fulfill gradual reduction of hypnotics has become one of the big problems doctor meet clinically.Drug dependence can be classified into two aspects.One is psychological,the other is pathological.Psychological treatment has advantage in the procedure of reducing drug.Thought imprint psychotherapy under lower resistance (TIP) which combines traditional Qigong,relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy of modern clinical psychology is a psychotherapy fit for Chinese.TIP techniques used during reduction procedure of hypnotics have been improved.

Objective To learn the current deployment and problems of medical equipment at 44 hospitals directly under or managed by the NHFPC,studying the correlation between the number of equipment deployment,and amount of outpatients/inpatients and inpatient surgeries for recommendations on scientific and rational deployment of medical equipment.Methods Literature review,expert consultation and questionnaire survey methods were used to study the use and problems in hospital equipment deployment.EpiData was used to build a database,and the means,standard variations and constituent ratios were applied for descriptive analysis of medical equipment deployment of the hospital departments.The data of hospital equipment usage and staffing,hospital beds,and service volume were subject to correlation analysis.Results 24 of the 44 hospitals were deployed with class-A medical equipment,covering eight types and 43 devices;the 44 hospitals were deployed with 441 class-B equipment of five types;the equipment types in great demand at such hospitals were MRI (77.27%),CT (70.45%),bioanalysis devices (68.18%),conventional radiation devices (52.27%),and conventional equipments (54.55%).The survey found a positive correlation ( P <0.05 ) between the equipments,and the amount of outpatients/inpatients and inpatient surgeries.Conclusions Hospitals should further establish and improve their deployment management system,rationalize their deployment procedures,and use scientific and rational deployment.Such approaches as equipment sharing,centralized management and performance appraisal could be called into play to improve equipment efficiency.

Objective To observe the effects of botulinum toxin A(BTX-A) injection combined with treadmill training on motor and gastrocnemius function in rats after spinal cord injury (SCI),so as to develop a possible treatment.Methods A total of 48 female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups(n =12 in each):a control group which received normal saline injection(group Con-NS),an exercise group with normal saline injection(group Ex-NS),the other control group with BTX-A injection(group Con-BTX)and an exercise group which also received BTX-A injection(group Ex-BTX).All rats were subjected to incomplete SCI modelling using Allen's method.Each group then had l0 members left because of death or significant weight loss.After SCI modelling,BTX-A or normal saline were injected to rats' gastrocnemius,followed by weight support treadmill training(BWSTT) on days 7 through 35 days for the two exercise groups.Motor function was evaluated using inclined plane test before and 2 days,1,2,3,4 and 5 weeks after the injury.All rats were sacrificed 35 days after the surgery.Digit Abduction Scoring(DAS) and electrophysiological testing were performed prior to sacrifice,and the general form and the wet weight of gastrocnemius were observed after resection.Results No significant differences in the inclined plane angle among 4 groups were detected before injury and 2 days afterward (P ＞ 0.05).At the 2nd-Sth week,however,the inclined plane angles in group Ex-NS were significantly higher than those in group Con-NS (P ＜ 0.05).Those of group Ex-NS were also significantly higher than group Ex-BTX 2-5 weeks after injury (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences were detected between group Con-BTX and group Ex-BTX,as well as group Con-NS and group Ex-BTX at each time point (P ＞ 0.05).And the average DAS score in group Con-BTX and group Ex-BTX was 0,while that of Con-NS group and group Ex-NS were both 4.There were no significant differences between the two normal saline injection groups (P ＜ 0.05),nor between the two BTX-A injection groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,the average DAS scores in the Con-BTX and Ex-BTX groups were significantly higher than the Con-NS and Ex-NS groups (P ＜ 0.05).No significant atrophy of gastrocnemius muscles were observed in the Con-NS group or Ex-NS group,and as would be expected,the muscles in group Ex-NS were thicker on average than those in group Con-NS.Significant atrophy was observed in group Con-BTX and group Ex-BTX.Moreover,the muscle wet weight was significantly higher in group ExNS than group Con-NS (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with group Con-NS and group Ex-NS,the muscle wet weight was significantly lower in group Con-BTX and group Ex-BTX (P ＜ 0.05).No significant differences in the latency of the compound muscle action potential (CAMP) were detected among 4 groups (P ＞0.05),but the CAMP amplitude was significantly less in the control groups than in the exercise groups.(P ＜0.05).Conclusions Exercise training can significantly improve motor and skeletal muscle function in SCI rats,but BTX-A injection can inhibit the improvement.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of sleep-regulating technique of low resistance thought imprint psychotherapy (TIP3-2) for insomnia. Methods A total of 120 patients with insomnia were enrolled and randomly allocated to either a treatment group (60 patients) or a control group (30 patients). The patients in the treatment group and the control group were treated by TIP3-2 and zopiclone for 4 weeks, respectively. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), polysomnography and the self-made sleep confidence scale. Results A total of 79 patients in the treatment group and 28 patients in the control group completed treatment. PSQI scores showed that overall sleep quality (1.3 ± 0.65 vs. 1.8 ± 0.50;t=6.378, P=0.000), daytime function (1.5 ± 0.89 vs. 2.1 ± 0.66;t=13.624, P=0.000) and total score (9.6 ± 3.35 vs. 12.4 ± 2.83;t=22.124, P=0.000) in the treatment group were significantly improved compared with the control group. Polysomnography showed significant difference between two groups in the times of awakening (3.4 ± 2.49 vs. 4.2 ± 4.02;t=4.196, P=0.043), and the percentages of sleep stages 1 and 2 (stage 1:35.0%± 19.42%vs. 43.0%± 23.31%, t=4.593, P=0.034;stage 2:40.3%± 16.47%vs. 34.9%± 16.57%, t=4.255, P=0.042). The total score of the sleep confidence scale in the treatment group showed a significantly improvement compared with the control group (8.6 ± 5.85 vs. 12.8 ± 3.84, t=11.346, P=0.001). Conclusion TIP3-2 can improve sleep confidence, have certain efficacy for insomnia, and may be superior to zopiclone.