Urid acid is one of the terminal metabolites of human body.More and more attention was paid to its metabolic mechanisms in intestinal tract;however, few studies were seen so far.This study aims to illuminate the metabolic mechanism of uric acid in intestinal tract by two ways:one is the transporters associated with intestinal epithelium, including ABCG2 and SLC2A9, the other is decomposition of uric acid by intestinal flora.We hope this review can provide new insights to decrease blood uric acid and treat urate-related diseases, and also provide a new way to alleviate drug-induced kidney damage.

Objective:To explore expression levels of Tim and TLR gene family in children with different types of mycoplasma pneumonia and their clinical significance.Methods: 56 patients with mycoplasma pneumonia were randomly selected in Ji′nan Maternity and Child Care Hospital from March ,2013 to March,2014.All the patients were divided into bronchopneumonia group ( n=40) and segmental pneumonia group (n=16) according to their X-ray manifestations.Bronchopneumonia group was characterized as dot,nodular increased density shadow with or without reticular ,stripe-like interstitial lesion.Segmental pneumonia was described as segmental or lobar consolidation of lung in X-ray.Meanwhile,30 healthy children were involved in control group with matched age and gender.Peripheral venous blood of all the children in every group was collected and total RNA was extracted .The mRNA of Toll-recepter 2,4 and Tim1,3 was quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR),and compared between different groups.Results:The expression of mRNA of TLR-2,4 and Tim1 significantly increases in both bronchopneumonia group and segmental pneumonia group compared to healthy control.Meanwhile,the mRNA of TLR-2,4 and Tim-1,3 was significantly elevated among segmental pneumonia group compared to healthy control.In addition,the gene expression of Tim1,3 was higher in segmental pneumonia group than broncho-pneumonia group.Conclusion:The TLR-2,4 and Tim1 gene are over expressed in both types of mycoplasma pneumonia and Tim-1,3 are highly expressed in children with severe infection in lung.The expression alteration of TLR-2,4 and Tim1,3 gene is involved in different types of mycoplasma pneumonia.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Microsurgery ; Middle Aged ; Parotid Neoplasms ; surgery ; Young Adult

Myopia is the most important cause of visual impairment in adolescents. However, its etiology is complex. In recent years, a large number of epidemiological studies have been done on risk factors of myopia. Most of these studies is cross- sectional study, not longitudinal cohort study. Overall, the incidence of myopia is the result of the interaction between genetic susceptibility and environmental exposure. This review is about the risk factors for myopia.

Objective To investigate the level of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and related factors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods Fifty-six patients with CHC (CHC group) and 35 healthy volunteers (control group) were selected. Serum RBP4 level was measured by ELISA method.Fasting blood glucose ( FBG ), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol ( TC ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were measured, HCV-RNA level was tested by qualitative polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR). Results There were no significant difference in FBG, TC,TG, γ-GT between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Serum RBP4 level in CHC group [(33.38 ± 6.43 ) mg/L] was higher than that in control group [(26.11 ± 3.35) mg/L](P＜ 0.01),the CHC patients with ALT normal (26 cases) had significantly higher RBP4 level [( 38.96 ± 4.09) mg/L] compared with ALT abnormal [30 cases, ( 28.53 ± 3.43 ) mg/L](P ＜ 0.01 ). ALT level was negative with RBP4 in CHC group (r = -0.6368, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Serum RBP4 level is significantly associated with CHC and negatively correlated with ALT level,but not associated with FBG, TC,TG, γ-GT and HCV-RNA.

To examine the relationship between genetic variants in the interleukin-6 receptor gene and obesity. The result showed that the carriers of Asp358 homozygotes had higher risk in developing obesity when compared with Ala358 homozygotes (OR = 1.32,95% CI 1.07-1.68, P = 0. 041). Interleukin-6 receptor gene pulymorphism was significantly associated with obesity.

Objective To investigate the curative effect of electromyographic(EMG) biofeedback therapy on spastic diplegia children with cerebral palsy.Methods42 children were divided into the treatment group(n=22) and control group(n=20) randomly.The treatment group was treated with rehabilitation training plus EMG biofeedback training,while the control group with rehabilitation training solely.Manual muscle test(MMT) was performed before and 3 months after treatment,and the treatment group was assessed by electromyographic apparatus additionally.ResultsAfter EMG biofeedback training,the muscular force of children in the treatment group was higher than those in the control group significantly(P<0.05) and the level of root mean square(RMS) and integrated electromyography(iEMG) assessed by surface electromyography(sEMG) increased significantly(P<0.05).ConclusionEMG biofeedback training can provide a satisfactory treatment for spastic diplegia children with cerebral palsy.Electromyographic apparatus is effective to assess muscular force.

Background RGD is a small molecular multiple peptide containing Arg-Gly-Asp with an important role in inhibiting the adhesion,migration and neovascularization of tumor.Our previous study determined that RGD can suppress the adhesion and proliferation of lens epithelial cells(LECs),and RGDRGD may be of a stronger effect. Objective Present study was to investigate and compare the effect of RGDRGD peptide on the proliferation and adhesion of immortalized human LECs(HLEB-3)in vitro. Methods Human LECs harvested by trpsin-EDTA were suspended in DMEM medium with serial dilutions of RGD peptide and RGDRGD peptide(from 1000 mg/L to 250 mg/L)at 37℃ for 15 minutes as experimental group,and the HLECs cultured by common culture medium were used as the control group.The cells were then seeded into the 96-well plates with precoated fibmnectin (FN)and I collagen at the density of 2×104/ml.MTT stainingcolorimetry was used to measure the adhesion rates of lens epithelial cells cultured in different concentrations RGDRGD and RGD peptides after 1 hour.Cells were seeded into the 96-well plates for 24 hours at 37℃ in 5% CO2.Medium was then replaced with DMEM overnight.Subsequently,the cells were treated with serial dilutions of RGD and RGDRGD(from 2000 mg/L to 250 ms/L)dissolved in DMEM medium plus 20% fetal bovine serum.The inhibition of RGDRGD and RGD on the adhesion and proliferation of Human LECs was analyzed by MTT aher 24,48 and 72 hours. Results The inhibition rate of RGD peptide on the adhesion of LECs was gradually enhanced with the increase of concentration with the significant difference among the different concentrations groups(F=1089.56,P＜0.01),and the statistically significant elevation in inhibitory rate was found in RGDRGD peptide compared with RGD peptide(P＜0.01).The inhibition rate of RGDRGD peptide on the proliferation of LECs wag gradually increased with the increase of concentration with the significant difference among the different concentrations groups with a strongest effect in 1000 ms/L group(F=127.31,P＜0.01),and the much stronger inhibition Wag Been in RGDRGD peptide(F=1589.85,P＜0.01).The suppression rate of RGDRGD on LECs proliferation Wag much stronger with the prolong of time(F=1606.43,P＜0.01). Conclusion RGDRGD peptide and RGD peptide have inhibitory effect on adhesion and proliferation of human LECs in a dose-and time-dependent manner.Effect of RGDRGD peptide is much stronger than RGD peptide.These results imply that RGDRGD peptide and RGD peptide have the important role for prevention of PCO.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; etiology ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neuropsychological Tests

This study reported the analysis of plasma phospholipid metabolism of the rats and the pathological biomarkers between the type 2 diabetes model control group (MC) and the normal control group (NC). SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: NC and MC. To investigate state of plasma metabolite profiling in normal body, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model group using UPLC-Q-TOF/MS which was used as analysis tool in this research. The compounds were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS based on MS/MS fragment ions information, element composition in MassLynx 4.1 and the Lipid Maps database. The sign of two groups of samples in specific markers for screening was through a software package in R software (BioMark software). The results show that the pathological markers were mainly phosphatidylcholine (PC) and triglycerides (TG); the 2-acyl PC in the MC group was less more obviously than that in the NC group; high carbon number and high degree of unsaturation of the TG was reduced under the condition of type 2 diabetes. In the state of type 2 diabetes, metabolic changes occurred in rat plasma phospholipids obviously, which had a close relationship with the occurrence and development of T2DM.
Animals ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; blood ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; Metabolome ; Phospholipids ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry