This article summarizes the methods of making rat cerebral ischemia models and comments the advantages and disadvantages of various methods in order to provide references for the selection of animal models in the basis and appfication research of cerebral ischemia.

OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of Yi medicine Acanthopanax trifo-liatus alcohol extract on the contents of IL-1β, IL-6,IL-10,NO,TNF-αand PGE2 in serum of adjuvant-induced arthritis(AA)rats. METHODS:60 SD rats were randomly divid-ed into normal control group (distilled water),model group (distilled water),positive control group (nimesulide,0.03 g/kg), A. trifo-liatus high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [7,3.5,1.75 g(medicinal material)/kg]. Except for normal control group,other groups were given 0.1 ml Freund’s complete adjuvant on posterior right toe to induce AA model. After modeling, those groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically,once a day. The contents of IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,TNF-α,NO,PGE2 in rat serum were measured 30 days later. The pathological morphology of the rat ankle was also observed. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,the contents of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NO and PGE2 in serum increased in model group while the content of IL-10 decreased,with statistical significance (P<0.01);compared with model group,the contents of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NO and PGE2 in serum decreased in A. trifo-liatus high-dose groups while the content of IL-10 decreased,with statistical significance (P<0.05). The pathology results showed that part of the slice synoviocytes mild thickening,fibrous tissue mild hyperplasia,in-flammatory cells infiltration at varying degrees,macrophages mild hyperplasia in A. trifo-liatus groups. Those changes were not found in normal control group. CONCLUSIONS:A. trifo-liatus alcohol extract has an obvious anti-inflammatory action to AA mod-el rat,by a mechanism of decreasing the contents of IL-1β,IL-6,TNF-α,NO and PGE2,and increasing the content of IL-10.

0.05).Meanwhile,the cardiac function and the quality of life of the rehabilitation exercise group was improved to a significantly larger extend than those of the control group (P

Objective: To investigate the expressions of Slit2 and its receptor Robo1 in human gastric carcinomas. Methods: The expression of Slit2 protein, Robo1 protein and CD34-labeled microvessel density(MVD) were measured by immunohistochemical staining (SP) in 54 cases of gastric carcinomas and 28 cases of Para-cancer tissues. Results:The positive rates of Slit2 ,Robo1 were 63.0% and 77.8% and the expression of Slit2 , Robo1 and MVD in cancerous tissues were higher than those in para-cancer tissues2(?2=26.586,P

Aim at the two problems in the field of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mechanism elucidation, one is the lack of detailed biological processes information, next is the low efficient in constructing network models, we constructed an auxiliary elucidation system for the TCM mechanism and realize the automatic establishment of biological network model. This study used the Entity Grammar Systems (EGS) as the theoretical framework, integrated the data of formulae, herbs, chemical components, targets of component, biological reactions, signaling pathways and disease related proteins, established the formal models, wrote the reasoning engine, constructed the auxiliary elucidation system for the TCM mechanism elucidation. The platform provides an automatic modeling method for biological network model of TCM mechanism. It would be benefit to perform the in-depth research on TCM theory of natures and combination and provides the scientific references for R&D of TCM.
Animals ; Automation ; instrumentation ; methods ; Databases, Factual ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Gene Regulatory Networks ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Problem-based learning(PBL)is an important part of creative education in medical colleges.Choice and design of cases are of the vital importance to success or failure of PBL course.To enhance students' ability of independent,creative thinking,and their ability of analyzing and solving problems,the roles of primitive cases and model cases as well as interrelation between them were discussed respective- ly.Moreover,five basic principles to be followed in model case design for PBL in Medical Microbiology and Human Parasitology,i.e.objec- tivity,flexibility,consistency,illumination and relevance,were proposed in this study.

Renal transplant (RT) recipients have a high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases.However,the effects of renal transplantation on the development of arteriosclerosis have been controversial.The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and diameter (CD) are important indicators of vascular remodeling and arteriosclerosis.In this study,31 patients with hemodialysis (HD),31 RT recipients and 84 age-and gender-matched control subjects were enrolled.Their CIMT and CD were measured by ultrasonic radiofrequency tracking,and the linear regression models and Z test were used to identify the progression of arteriosclerosis and the risk factors.Compared with HD group,RT group had significantly lower CIMT and CD.CIMT was found to be associated with age,body weight,resistance index and diastolic velocity,while CD was associated significantly with age,body weight,pulsatility index,end diastolic velocity and diastolic blood pressure (DBP),respectively.The correlation curves between CIMT and age showed the slopes of curves were decreased successively in control,RT and HD groups,and the curves between CD and age showed the slopes were decreased in order of RT ＞ control ＞ HD groups.It was concluded that CIMT and CD were significantly correlated with age in RT and moderately with age in HD patients.RT could reduce the progress of arteriosclerosis in patients with end-stage renal disease.

Objective To study the detection rate of early esophageal carcinoma using magnifying endoscopy,and to evaluate the relationship between the imaging patterns of microvasculature change and his- tological diagnosis.Methods Two hundred and fourteen patients with esophageal mucosa roughness,ero- sion,plaque,abnormal color and indentation in conventional endoscopy and 16 healthy volunteers were en- rolled.The magnifying endoscopy images were graded as four patterns by intraepithelial papillary capillary loop(IPCL)changes after iodine dyeing.The biopsies underwent pathologic evaluation.The comparison be- tween the imaging patterns of endoscopy and histological diagnosiswas was evaluated.Results 80.4%(90/ 112)esophagitis was type 2,and 85.7%(12/14)early esophageal carcinoma was type 3 and type 4.The difference was significant between early esophageal carcinoma and normal mueosa(?~2=27.32,P

OBJECTIVE To strengthen the management of earthquake victims with nosocomial infection,in order to prevent and control the multidrug-resistance transmission,and the nosocomial infection outbreak. METHODS All 77 earthquake victims were under real-time monitoring. RESULTS Of 77 cases,53 were infected (69.74%). From 83 samples,83 pathogenic bacteria were isolated. The Gram-positive cocci were 19 (meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 3,Meticillin-resistant S. epidermidis 7),58 were Gram-negative bacilli (Acinetobacter baumannii 21,multi-drug resistant strains 10,ESBLs positive Escherichia coli 10,Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9) and the fungi were 6 strains,The resistance rates of Gram-positive cocci to penicillin,ampicillin/sulbactam and cefazolin were 89.47%,68.42% and 89.47%; the resistance rates of Gram-negative bacillis to imipenem,cefoperazone/sulbactam,piperacillin/tazobactam,azithromycin,tobramycin,and cefoxitin were 37.93%,60.34%,48.83%,98.28%,98.28% and 70.69%,respectively. CONCLUSIONS Under the situation of higher infection rate and a serious drug resistance in earthquake area,there are no multidrug-resistance transmissionm and the spread of nosocomiol infection outbreak happened in hospital due to strictly enforced prevention meassures and access real-time monitoring and management,

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the leukotriene D4 synthase gene A (LTD4S A)-444 C polymorphism in persistent allergic rhinitis (AR) of Chinese Han nationality and to evaluate its relevance to clinical responsiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonist. METHOD: There were 150 patients [87 males, 63 females, average age (38 +/- 14)] diagnosed with persistent AR in Allergy clinic in our hospital from March 2010 to March 2012; 146 healthy controls (78 males, 68 females, mean age (39 +/- 12)). We detected LT D4SA-444C polymorphism and allele frequencies with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and-Restriction Fragment Length polymorphism (RELP). The treatment group received monotherapy leukotriene receptor antagonist (montelukast) for 4 weeks. Urinary leukotriene D4 (LTD4) levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) before and after treatment, respectively. We evaluated anti-leukotriene treatment response according to the changement of symptoms, signs PTS and urinary LTD4. We tested correlation between LT D4S gene-444C allele frequency and the treatment response by multivariate analysis of variance. RESULT: (1) LTD4S gene-444 genotype AA/CC, AC/CC frequency is 70.7% (106/150) and 29.3% (44/150), allele A, C frequencies is 67.3% (101/150) and 32.7% (49/150) in AR group, and LTD4S gene-444 genotype AA/CC, AC/CC frequency is 76.7% (112/146) and 23.3% (34/ 146), allele A, C frequencies is 74.0% (108/146) and 26.0% (38/146) in healthy control group, there is not statistically significant difference between two groups. (2) Among 150 AR patients, compared to patients with AA/CC genotype, the genotype AC/CC patients are younger [average age (35 +/- 9), and (50 +/- 18) respectively, F = 5.891, P < 0.05], with earlier age of onset [(31 +/- 4), and (46 +/- 6) respectively, F = 6.985, P < 0.05], longer course of disease [(8.7 +/- 2.1), and (3.1 +/- 2.0) respectively, F = 11.43, P < 0.05], higher symptom scores (8.2 +/- 0.2; 4.8 +/- 0.3), higher signs score (7.3 +/- 3.3; 3.4 +/- 5.1), and the difference was statistically significant. (3) After 4 weeks of montelukast treatment in AR patients, treatment response of anti-leukotriene in genotype AC/ CC patients is better than those in AA/CC genotype patients (F = 11.01, P < 0.05), the differences of treatment response between two groups were correlated with LTD4 levels in vivo, clinical symptoms and signs of patients. CONCLUSION In a Chinese Han population the LTD4SA-444B polymorphism might be one of the factors in the clinical response to leukotriene receptor antagonists in persistent AR patients.
Adult ; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase ; genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Rhinitis, Allergic ; drug therapy ; genetics ; Young Adult