Objective To explore ladder and compensation system of nurse-staffing which is suitable for the situation of our country.Methods The ladder management and compensation system to nursestaffing of National Health Service (NHS) in UK were given detailed introduction and analysis through the official documents,references and personal study experiences,and summarize its scientific and referenced aspects.Results NHS has formed a set of mature competency-based ladder system,and linked the ladder system to compensation system,made a relative scientific performance appraisal system,realized the scientific competency matches the level,salary changes along with the level model.Conclusions It provides references and thinking to the in-depth reform of public hospitals in our country,and the development of high quality nursing service,as well as the implementation of nursing ladder management and compensation reform.

Obfectives:The purpose of the present study was to compare the effects of different early enteral nutrition formula (containing either MCT/LCT or LCT only) on improving nutritional status of burned patients. Methods:This was a prospective,randomized,single blind and controlled study.Thirty cases of burned patients injured by varous causes with total burn surface area (TBSA) more than 30% were collected and randomized into two groups:①Group F:enteral feeding with Fresubin 750 MCT containing MCT/LCT as fat source,②Group N:enteral feeding with Nutrison,containing only LCT as fat source.All of the thirty patients received isocaloric,isonitrogenous,and isolipidic enteral feeding,with intragastric tube and enteral feeding pump,started within 24 h postburn.The several parameters were observed on postburn day(PBD) 1,4,7 and 10,such as serum concentrations of transferrin and prealbumin and plasma concentrations of prostaglandin E 2(PGE 2) and insulin.Nitrogen in urine per day and excretion of 3 methylhistidine in urine on day 1,7 and 10 postburn were determined. Results:The results showed that the patients of F group had an increased blood concentration of transferrin,prealbumin and insulin,and a decreased plasma concentration of PGE 2.Excretion of nitrogen and 3 methylhistidine in urine was also markedly reduced in patients fed with nutrients containing MCT/LCT compared with LCT. Conclusions :We have shown that an enteral diet containing MCT/LCT can improve the nutrition status of burned patients more effectively.

AIM:To observe the effects of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) on thioltransferase (TTase) expression and activity in human lens epithelial cells.
METHODS: Human lens epithelial cells B3 ( HLE B3 ) were treated with 1. 5mg/mL AGEs - BSA as the experimental groups cultured by fetal bovine serum of volume fraction 10% dulbecco modified eagle medium ( DMEM) and bovine serum albumin ( BSA) was added at the same concentrations as the negative control. The level of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) was evaluated. Cells were collected at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4d and total RNA or protein was extracted. TTase mRNA levels were detected by qRT-RCR. TTase expression was detected by Western blot and its activity was measured.
RESULTS: Compared with the control group, AGEs-BSA up-regulated the expression of ROS (P<0. 01), ROS content increased in a time-dependent manner. BSA had no effects on ROS expression. The expression of TTase increased after treatment with AGEs-BSA for 1d, peaked at 2d (nearly 5. 06-fold increase, P<0. 01), then decreased gradually. No change was observed between BSA and control group (P>0. 05). Similarly, TTase activity peaked at 3d (nearly 2. 01-fold increase, P<0. 01). Western blot test found that TTase protein expression was increased
gradually, starting from the 3d TTase expression was reflected that there was statistically significant difference compared with control group (P<0. 05).
CONCLUSION:AGEs-BSA significantly increases the production of ROS in human lens epithelial cells, and it then induces the oxidative stress which may promote the expression of TTase and enhances the activity of TTase.

Objective To discuss the advantages of combined use of intravenous indwelling needle and infusion connector joint.Methods 120 cases of children in our hospital receiving chemotherapy through intravenous infusion were randomized into the control group and the experimental group with 60 cases in each group.The control group used heparin cap,after each infusion was completed,with 12.SU/ml 3～5ml of heparin saline pulse-type sealing.The experimental group adopted infusion connector joint,after the infusion completed,3～5 ml normal saline was injected into the joint to flush the blessing sealed tube.The complications rate was calculated in two groups.Results The experimental group and the control group showed differences in the incidence of complications and the patients' approval to nurses.Conclusions Combination of intravenous indwelling needle and infusion connector joint can reduce the complications significantly,and improve patients' approval to nurses.

Objective: To study the correlation of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features with the tumor nuclear DNA contents, and evaluate the biological behavior and proliferative potential of meningiomas using MRI. Methods: The DNA contents and the incidence of aneuploid of 45 patients with meningiomas were measured by means of photodensity method with image cytometry. The data were compared with MR findings for the statistical correlation analysis. Results: Tumors with the presence of peritumoral edema, irregular tumor shape, and ambiguous brain-tumor border had remarkable difference in DNA contents compared with those with negative peritumoral edema, smooth tumor shape, and clear brain-tumor border (P < 0.01). Using Spearman' s correlation coefficient analysis, we found a significant correlation (r = 0.696, P = 0.000) between three of MRI scores calculated for each patient and DNA contents. Conclusion: DNA contents and the incidence of aneuploid are higher in the tumors with the presence of peritumoral edema, irregular tumor shape, and ambiguous brain-tumor border. All of the imaging appearances can be used to estimate the proliferation potency and malignant biological behavior of the meningiomas.

Objective:To study the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI)and preterm birth.Methods:A case-control study was conducted in Haidian Maternal and Child Health Hos-pital in Beijing from January to April in 201 3.This study contained 1 74 preterm births in the case group and 382 term deliveries in the control group.The height,pre-pregnancy body weight,body weight before delivery,gestational weeks,history of diseases,family history of diseases,and complications during pregnancy of the subjects were collected.Multivariate Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (CI)after adjustment by maternal age,education,smoke during pregnancy,primiparous,mean income,and mean family living space.Results:After analyzing the rele-vant risk factors of preterm birth,the multivariate Logistic regression showed that pre-pregnancy obesity was a risk factor for preterm birth,the adjusted odds ratio was 2.461 (95% CI:1 .1 74 -5.1 59,P =0.01 7).The associations between pre-pregnancy overweight and preterm birth or pre-pregnancy under-weight and preterm birth were not found.The gestational diabetes mellitus,pregnancy-induced hyperten-sion,and family history of preterm birth were risk factors for preterm birth,the adjusted odds ratios were 1 .781 (95% CI:1 .025 -3.095,P =0.040),3.831 (95% CI:2.044 -7.1 80,P <0.001 ),and 3.675 (95% CI:1 .358 -9.942,P =0.01 0),respectively.Conclusion:Pre-pregnancy obesity ap-peared to be a risk factor for preterm birth.To decrease the incidence of preterm birth,women should improve preconception care and keep their BMI in a normal range before pregnancy.

Dental Porcelain ; classification ; Humans

Objective To investigate the optimum scanning parameters for multi-slice spiral CT aorta imaging so as to emphasize the contrast delay time and the method of image reconstruction.Methods 21 cases of patients were scanned with contrast enhancement by the method of bolus tracking.The contrast medicine was injected through elbow vein.Flow speed was 3.0ml/s,and contrast usage was 1.5 to 2ml/ kg.Scanning was triggered when the density of the enhancement at ROI arose to a prescribed value.After data acquisition and reconstruction,the aorta was displayed.Results The average time for the influx of contrast in aorta was 20 seconds.Data was reformatted with the thickness of 2.5mm and 50% overlapping.VR,CPR,MIP and SSD images were reconstructed.Conclusion With constant tracking of density by Smartprep software,the optimized scanning parameters and the proper image post-processing techniques,aorta can be clearly displayed.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2008,29(2):88-89]

Due to influnce of various factors, the transplanted kidney will appear the chronic renal insufficiency symptom at a certain period after transplantation. How to prolong the function of transplanted kidney and life of the patients is a key subject in clinical research. This study based on the retrospective analysis of 22 cases kidney transplant of chronic kidney failure patients enrolled in the Department of Blood Purification, Hainan SanYa Nongken Hospital. According to the different stages of the chronic renal failure of patients, tacrolimus (FK506) was used instead of cyclosporine A (CsA) combined with blood purification treatment (hemodialysis or/and hemoadsorption), the abnormal biochemical markers decreased significantly in all patients after treatment, with 7 cases are clinical cured (7/22, 31.8%), 10 cases are ameliorated (10/22, 45.5%) and 5 cases gave up treating (5/22, 22.7%). The result indicates that this therapy can ameliorate the transplanted kidney function, and improve the life quality of the patients.

Objective To study the effect of sodium selenite on heat aggregation of lens crystallin. Methods 12 fresh and intact bovine lenses were incubated with different concentrations of sodium selenite for 72 hours. The lenses of the control group were incubated without sodium selenite for the same length of time. After removing the capsule homogenate, the ?-, ?- and ?-crystallin from the lenses were separated by gel filtration chromatography. After the separation and purification, the crystallin were heated at 60℃ for 30 minutes. Then the absorption value at 360nm was measured again. The difference in the percentage of the absorption value after aggregation was analyzed. Results Comparing with the control group, the lenses incubated with sodium selenite showed earlier opacification in a concentration-dependent manner. After the separation by gel filtration chromatography, the ?-crystallin peak showed an antelocation on the chromatogram, suggesting that there was some high molecular aggregation formation. The aggregation of selenite-treated fractions showed a concentration-dependent increasing absorption compared with normal control portions (P