Objective To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor(NGF)in the process of muscular neurotization of denerva- ted vascularized skeletal muscle.Method By using NGF(0.5 ?g/d) to transplanted skeletal muscle,muscular neurotization was exa- mined with histological,histochemical,electron microscope and immunohistochemical methods at various time.Result NGF was effective in promoting muscular neurotization and diminishing denervated muscle atrophy in grafted denervated skeletal muscle.Conclusion NGF can promote the muscular neurotization and diminish denervated muscle atrophy.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of electroencephalogram (EEG) in patients with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis. Methods In this retrospective study, patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who admitted to Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University from January 2012 to June 2015 were enrolled. All patients accepted EEG monitoring at least once, and tumor screening, symptomatic therapy, as well as immunotherapy. Outcomes were assessed by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 6 and 12 months after immunotherapy, and mRS score 0-2 was defined as favorable outcome. Results Forty-one patients aged (27±12) (13-58) years were enrolled, 19 of whom were male. All patients received EEG monitoring 55 times totally. Among 41 patients in disease peak period, 39 patients (95.1%) had abnormal EEG, 2 patients had normal EEG. The abnormality of brain MRI scan accounted for 51.2%. Abnormal EEG included diffuse slowing (12 patients, 29.3%), epileptic discharges (9 patients, 22.0%), rhythmic delta activity (6 patients, 14.6%), extreme delta brush (EDB) (6 patients, 14.6%), focal slowing (4 patients, 9.8%), and rhythmic delta frequency activity without EDB (2 patients, 4.9%). Clinical items did not show statistically significant difference between the patients with EDB and those without EDB. The patients with normal EEG, epileptic discharges, rhythmic delta activity, or rhythmic delta frequency activity without EDB all had favorable outcomes after 12 months′ treatments. Conclusions The great majority of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis had abnormal EEG. EEG could sensitively reflect the changes of brain function and could be helpful in early diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The most common electrographic pattern was found to be diffuse slowing in patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. EEG of some patients showed EDB.

The effects of tetrandrine (Tet) on blood pressure, plasma renin activity (PRA) and the contractility of the papillary mascle and portal vein were studied in rats. After 4 d administration of Tet 30 mg/kg, 2/d, ig, blood pressure was decreased markedly in anesthetized male SD rats, but there were no effects on heart rate and PRA. A single dose of Tet 15 mg/kg iv reduced blood pressure and heart rate significantly, while did not change PRA. This single dose produced similar hypotensive effect in rats with and without pretreatment of Tet 30 mg/kg, 2/d, 4d, indicating the absence of tolerance. Tet inhibited the paced papillary muscle contractility and the spontaneous portal vein contractility, and the EC50 were 5.33?10-6mol/L and 4.25?10-5 mol/L, respectively. So the vascular selectivity of Tet is 0.12.

In order to establish the optimum condition for purifica tion of the nucleoprotein(NP) of rabies virus by immunoaffinity chromatography, the efficient and non-denaturative eluents(Mg-el) was obtained by using ELISA elution model; furthermore, it didn't damage the activity of NP. Two kind of NPs , expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus (rVac-N) and recombinant baculovirus (BRN), were purified by a Sepharose CL 4B column and a 2C12- Sepharose 4B colum n. By Western-blot and SDS-PAGE, high purity and good antigenical intact NPs w ere identified. The purified ribonucleoprotein (RNP) of rabies virus 5aG strain was also obtained. After immunized with NP and RNP, mice developed a strong anti -nucleoprotein response and were protected against a lethal challenge of rabies virus CVS strain. There were not difference been observed among the mice immuni zed with different purified protein. These data indicate that the NPs are antige nical and immunogenical comparable to the authentic rabies RNP and therefore pre sent a potential source of an effective ,safe and economical subunit vaccine.

PBL(Problem-Based Learning, PBL) is a problem-oriented and effective supplementary teaching method. PBL is giving a great help to improve self-learning, communication and cooperation, thinking and problems solving abilities for the students. In the process of PBL teaching, attention should be paid to two important items. One item is the role transfer for the teacher. Teacher is only a guider in PBL teaching, teacher should avoid excessive interfere of the process for keeping the passion and enthusiasm of the students. Meanwhile, students should always be realized that they are the main part in PBL teaching, they should not depend on their teacher too much. Another important item is how to find and solve the frequently encountered problems, in order to avoid students wandering from the subject, and lead them toward the main goal to get effective teaching and learning.

Objective To observe adhesion and growth of Sehwann cells(SCs) on small intestinal submueosa(SIS) and study the bioeompatibility of SIS with SCs.Methods The SCs of SD neonate rat were isolated and cultured in vitro,then were seeded on prepared SIS.At different times,the adhesion,growth and proliferation of SCs on SIS were observed by phase contrast microscope,histological examination,scanning e- lectron microscope and transmission electron microscope.Results By phase contrast microscope,SCs grew well on the edge of SIS after 3 and 5 days.SCs adhered tightly on the surface of SIS after 5 days through histo- logical examination.By scanning electron microscope,on the surface of SIS,SCs grew and adhered actively, prominence of cells body were obvious.They connected end-to-end with each other or arranged in clusters. Protein granules were secreted on cells surface.By transmission electron microscope,SCs grew in good condi- tion and adhered tightly on the surface of SIS.At the interface of SCs and SIS,prominence was seen to contact with SIS in the bottom of cell body.Conclusion SCs are able to adhere and grow well on the surface of SIS.As a scaffold,SIS has good biocompatibility with SCs.

Objective To study the effect of Shengmai injection on the platelet parameters and CD4+CD25+cells in peripheral blood of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia,and to explore the optimal regimen for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Methods One hundred and twenty patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were enrolled in this study from January 2012 to December 2014.(D1),vincristine 4mg(d1),prednisone 60 mg/d(d1-5)were given to the CHOP regimen in the control group: cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2(d1),doxorubicin 25 mg/m2(d12)28d a course of treatment,a total of 4 courses,the observation group of patients in the control group of patients treated on the basis of Shengmai injection,compared the two groups of patients with chemotherapy,platelet parameters and serum CD4+CD25+T cells and Th17 cells.Results After treatment,the PLT,MPV and PDW of the observation group were(215.4± 31.7),(9.5±2.5)and(16.9±2.4),respectively,which were significantly higher than those of the control group.The CD4+CD25+T cells in the observation group were(1.5±0.8)The total effective rate of the control group was 35.0％,the total effective rate was 35.0％,and the total effective rate of the control group was 35.0％.There were significant difference between the control group and the control group(P<0.05),The difference was statistically significant.Conclusion Shengmai injection combined with CHOP regimen in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients can improve immune function,promote platelet growth,improve platelet clinical parameters,and help improve the efficiency of chemotherapy,compared with CHOP alone Program treatment is better,worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose and sustained release oral theophylline on the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients.Methods Thirty four patients with stable COPD were randomly divided into two groups:theophylline group (n =18) was treated with slow-release theophylline (100 mg,twice daily),and placebo group (n =16) was given with placebo.Healthy non-smokers (n =12) were taken as control.The course of treatment was 12 weeks both of theophylline group and placebo group.The percentages of Neu/Leu and Mφ/Leu in sputum were detected before and after treatment and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-17,IL-8,and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-et) were detected with enzyme linked immunosobent assay (ELISA).Results (1) Compared to pretreatment with theophylline group,the Neu/Leu was increased [(89 ±4.14)％ vs (83.4 ±6.98)％,P ＜0.05] and the Mφ/Leu was decreased [(6.4 ± 4.11) ％ vs (12.3 ± 6.96) ％,P ＜ 0.05] in the post-treated theophylline group.No significant changes in both Neu/Leu and Mφ/Leu were observed before and after placebo-treatment (P ＞ 0.05).(2) Compared to the control group,the concentrations of TNF-α,IL-8,and IL-17 in the sputum supernatant were significantly increased in both pretreatment and posttreatment with the theophylline or the placebo.Sputum TNF-α,IL-8,and IL-17 levels were significantly decreased in COPD patients who were given theophylline.Compared to pre-treatment with placebo group,the IL-8 and IL-17 levels were significantly increased in the post-treated placebo group (P ＜0.01).There was no significant change in TNF~ level between before and after treatment with the placebo.(3) The concentrations of IL-17,IL-8,and TNF-α in the sputum supernatant were positively correlated with the Neu/Leu counts (r =0.471,0.652,0.466,respectively,all P ＜0.01),negatively correlated with the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1 ％) (r =-0.516,-0.652,-0.496,respectively,all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Low-dose and sustained-release oral theophylline was efficient in improving airway inflammatory cells and inflammatory mediators,which plays an anti-inflammatory effect.

OBJECTIVE:To study the improvement effect of lanthanum hydroxide on chronic renal failure (CRF) hyperphos-phatemia in rats. METHODS:CRF hyperphosphatemia rat model were induced and then randomly divided into model group,lan-thanum carbonate group [0.3 g/(kg·d)],calcium carbonate group [4.2 g/(kg·d)] and lanthanum hydroxide high-dose,medium-dose and low-dose groups [1.5,1,0.5 g/(kg·d)] with 10 rats in each group. They were given adenine 0.2 g/(kg·d)intragastrically in the morning,and then given relevant medicine intragastrically in the afternoon;a week later,they stopped taking adenine but con-tinued to take relevant medicine for 22 d. 10 normal rats were selected as normal control group. General examination was conduct-ed,and renal coefficient,serum contents of calcium,phosphorus,PTH,creatinine(Scr)and usea nitrogen(BUN)were detected after last medication as well as renal pathological change. RESULTS:Compared with normal control group,model group showed CRF sign,renal coefficient,the contents of phosphorus,PTH,Scr and BUN were increased,while the content of calcium was de-creased(P<0.01);renal section showed obvious pathological characteristics. Compared with model group,CRF sign of rats were improved in lanthanum carbonate group,calcium carbonate group and lanthanum hydroxide groups. The renal coefficient (except for lanthanum hydroxide high-dose group),serum contents of phosphorus(except for calcium carbonate group),PTH(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calcium carbonate group),Scr(except for lanthanum hydroxide low-dose group and calci-um carbonate group)and BUN were all decreased,while serum content of calcium and calcium-phosphorucs product(only in calci-um carbonate group)was increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in other difference. The renal sec-tion pathological characteristics were improved. CONCLUSIONS:Lanthanum hydroxide can improve renal function and reduce the level of serum phosphorus in CRF hyperphosphatemia model rats.

Aim To study the protective effect of CDPS on acute aging mouse model induced by D-galactose (D-gal) and its mechanism.Methods (1) The acute aging mouse model was induced by D-gal.After CDPS (25、50、100 mg·kg-1) treatment, the improving effect on learning and memory in mice was examined in vivo.(2) We also established the aging model on PC12 cells in vitro.After CDPS treatment (150、200 mg·L-1), the level of p-CREB in the nucleus was detected by Western blot, and the content of cAMP, PKA and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were examined by the Elisa kits.Moreover, cAMP, PKA and BDNF were detected in PC12 cells under the condition that H89, the inhibitor of PKA, co-cultured with PC12 cells after CDPS treatment.(3) The UPLC/Q Exactive MS method was developed for determining the concentration of glutamic acid, dopamine and norepinephrine, which secreted in PC12 cells after CDPS treatment.Results (1) In vivo, CDPS significantly improved the memory impairment in aging mice induced by D-gal in the Morris assay.(2) In vitro, CDPS could significantly increase the expression of p-CREB (P<0.05), PKA, cAMP and BDNF (P<0.05).The H-89 abolished the increase of p-CREB (P<0.05), PKA, cAMP and BDNF (P<0.05) in PC12 aging cells induced by D-gal after CDPS treatment.(3) CDPS increased the release of dopamine, norepinephrine, and glutamate secreted in PC12 cells.Conclusion CDPS could significantly improve the learning and memory ability on aging mouse model in vivo, and reversed the damage in PC12 cells induced by D-gal by activating cAMP/PKA/CREB signal cascade, increase the expression of BDNF, and increasing modestly the release of excitatory neurotransmitter.