Objective: To assess the influence of absorbable poly-D, L-lactide acid (PDLLA) rods on the development of epiphyseal plate after implanted into the distal femoral epiphysis in skeletally immature New Zealand white rabbits. Methods: Seventy-five New Zealand white rabbits were evenly randomized into 3 groups according to the diameter of rods: 1.5 mm PDLLA rod group, 2.2 mm PDLLA rod group, and 3.2 mm PDLLA rod group. The absorbable PDLLA rods were placed into a drill hole of equal size in the intercondylar portion of the right femur, crossing the central portion of epiphyseal plate; empty drill holes of same size were made across the left femoral physis, which served as a control. The area of injured epiphyseal plates was calculated before operation. The animals were sacrificed at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 weeks after operation. Measurement of femur bone length, radiographic measurement of both knee joint valgus angles, histology sections and transmission electron microscopic examination of the physis and adjacent bones were performed to evaluate the influence of implanted rods on epiphyseal plate. Results: The proportions of injured area caused by the drill holes in 1.5 mm group, 2. 2 mm group, and 3.2 mm group were (1.86±0.10)%, (4.03±0.52)% and (7.52±1.02)%, respectively. At 24 weeks after operation, femur bone lengths (mm) of experimental and control sides were 90.60±0.55 and 90.27±0.84 in 1.5 mm group,87.53±0.67 and 87.06±0.78 in 2.2 mm group, and 85.30±1.39 and 84.91±1.40 in 3.2 mm groups, respectively; their knee joint valgus angles (°) were 7.863±1.26 and 8.110±1.18 in 1.5 mm group, 8.858±1.30 and 9.453±1.95 in 2.2 mm group, and 11.90±2.80 and 14.448±5.17 in 3.2 mm group, respectively. There was no significant difference in femur lengths and valgus angles between 2 sides in each group (P>0.05). Both femur bone lengths in 3.2mm group were shorter than those in the 1.5 mm and 2.2 mm groups. No abnormalities of cartilage cells were observed, without obvious histological evidence of inflammation; only nonspecific foreign body reaction and macrophage infiltration were noticed. Conclusion: PDLLA rod itself does not cause any disturbance to the development of the epiphyseal plate. The growth disturbance of epiphyseal plate depends on the area of injured epiphyseal plate; a injured area over 7% of epiphyseal plate may cause the growth disturbance of epiphyseal plate.

Background Patients' experience during phacoemulsification cataract surgery is an important determinant of patient's satisfaction with surgery effectiveness.Local anaesthesia could be associated with different intraoperative visual awareness because of retention of optic nerve function.Relieving the anxiety of patients arose from intraoperative visual awareness is of important clinical significance.Objective This study was to discuss the necessity of preoperative conversation and psychological counseling and to improve the quality of surgery and the satisfaction of patients.Methods One hundred and fifty-three patients who had undergone sequential phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in the same operation under local anaesthesia from October,2010 to December,2010 in Tangdu Hospital and Xi'an First People's Hospital,received a standardized questionnaire designed based on similar questionnaires from abroad and surveyed regarding their intraoperative visual experience,including light perception,their detection of color,photopsia,and their detection of the movement of the surgeon,instrument,and changes in light intensity during cataract surgery.In another survey,seventy ophthalmologists in the Xi'an area with ≥ 10 years (33) and ＜ 10 years of experience (37) participated in a questionnaire about their recognition and response to these visual experiences,designed based on the 2010 Chinese Doctors General Questionnaire.Results During the phacoemulsification and IOL implantation,27 patients (17.6％) lost light perception,98 patients (64.1％) had light perception,28 patients (18.3％) detected more than one color,25 patients (16.3％) had photopsia,49 patients (45.1％) sensed the movement of the surgeon,26 patients (17.0％) was able to see surgical instruments,11 patients (7.2％) saw the surgeon's fingers,4 patients (2.6％) saw the surgeons,65 patients (42.5％) detected changes in light intensity and 12 patients (7.8％) saw the IOL loop and others.21.4％ of the 70ophthalmologists believed these patients might have lost light perception;while 78.3％ thought these patients retained light perception.Under local anaesthesia,93.9％ of the more experienced surgeons and 75.6％ of the junior surgeons deemed that good preoperative counseling was helpful for the patients,but only 45.5％ of the more experienced surgeons and 24.3％ of the junior surgeons counseled patients regarding intraoperative visual experience.Conclusions Most patients will experience a variety of visual sensations during phacoemulsification and IOL implantation under local anaesthesia.Many ophthalmologists are aware of these conditions.Most of the ophthalmologists believe that patients suffer from fear from these intraoperative visual experiences and claim that preoperative counseling to patients can relieve that fear,but less of them communicate these possible experiences to patients.This study offers some discussions about preoperative counseling.

OBJECTIVE:To learn the application and tendency of hepatoprotective drugs in a third grade class A hospital dur-ing 2011-2014,and to provide reference for rational drug use. METHODS:DDDs analysis and consumption ordering method were adopted to analyze the change of DDDs,DDC and other index of hepatoprotective drugs in this hospital from 2011 to 2014. RE-SULTS:2011-2014,the amount and DDDs of Hepatoprotective injection in this hospital increased year by year,while oral dosage form decreased year by year. DDC order of each drug kept stable during 2011-2014;DDC and DDDs of drugs for promoting ener-gy metabolism were all in high level,and ornithine aspartate and ademetionine always took up the first 2 places in 4 years. Polyene phosphatidylcholine and Reduced glutathione injection were cheap,but had higher DDDs. Except Glutathione tablet,DUI of other hepatoprotective drugs had no great difference in 3 years,and fluctuated in 2014;hepatoprotective drugs with DUI>1 and DUI<1 occupied a large proportion. From 2010 to 2014,compared with previous year,the drugs with consumption sum/DDDs ratio num-ber close to 1 reduced significantly in the next year,decreasing year by year. CONCLUSIONS:In this hospital,injections are used too frequently,and overuse of drugs for promoting energy metabolism exist. Polyene phosphatidylcholine and Reduced glutathione injection can be used as a valuable drug in the clinic,and their cost are more acceptable,but not in excess.

Objective To observe the antihypertensive effect of indapamide combined with enalapril on spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHRs).Methods Forty SHRs were randomly divided into 4 groups: control,indapamide,enalapril,and indapamide+enalapril(n=10 in each group).Medicine in varied doses was given to rats by intragastric administration.Variations of weight,heart rate and blood pressure were measured. Results Varied doses of medicine did not exert significant effects to the weight and heart rate of SHRs during and after the administration.In indapamide+enalapril group,the pressure of SHRs was significantly decreased with varied doses compared to that before the administration(P

Objective To study the dynamic changes in cardiac morphology and myocardial collagen in apolipoprotein E-deficient (apoE-/-) mice of different age with cholesterol-fed. Methods 18 male apoE-/- mice were randomized into 3 groups: 24 weeks group （n=6）, 32 weeks group （n=6）, 40 weeks group （n=6）. 8 C57BL/6J mice were set as the control. Serum cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were determined. The cardiac morphological changes and the myocardial collagen were observed. Results Compared with the 24 weeks group, the content of myocardial collagen of 32 and 40 weeks group significantly increased (P<0.05). Conclusion With the increasing of age, TC significantly increased, myocardial collagen content tended to go up.

To evaluate the influence of phacoemulsification on corneal endothelium of senile cataract with lupus nephritis (LN).
●METHODS:This clinical trial involved 40 cataract patients with lupus nephritis (40 eyes), and 50 cases (50 eyes) without lupus nephritis. All of them underwent phacoemulsification+lOL implantation. The parameters of corneal endothelial cell including central corneal endothelium cell density ( CED ), average area of endothelial cell ( AVE) and coefficient of variation ( CV) were recorded by corneal endothelial microscope pre -operation and at one month after operation. The data were analyzed by SPSS 13. 0 statistical software.
● RESULTS: Both LN group and control group, the morphology of coneal endothelial was statistical significant differences between pre - operation and 1mo postoperation. The CED was lower, AVE and CV were higher ( P < 0. 05, respectively). A significant decrease in CED was seen in the LN group than did in the control group (P < 0. 05). Compared to control group,the post -operative AVE and CV in LN group was significantly increased (P<0. 05).
● CONCLUSlON: The corneal endothelial cell in lupus nephritis patients is more fragile. Safe and reliable operation should be selected for these patients.

Objective To report our experience in versatile use of double fascial flaps in reconstruction of facial skin defects.Methods A total of 10 patients were enrolled in this study (6 males and 4 females,aged 14-46 years).Based on the location,size and shape of the facial skin defects after tumor resection,paralleled double fascial flaps,vertical double fasical flaps and special angle double fascial flaps were designed respectively.Results All the patients were followed up for 6-12 months after operation.Operative incision split combined with infection was observed in one case.Mild pigmentation around the incision was observed in two cases.The cosmetic results were quite satisfactory to all patients.Conclusions As far as the advantages,minimal donor site morbidity,versatile designation as concerned,the double fascial flaps are good choices in the repair of facial skin defects.

Yiqi Fumai freeze-dried powder for injection was used as a model drug to establish an evaluation method mainly based on bio-thermodynamics profile detection. Fischer function was used to analyze the chemical and biological data In general, chemical chromatogram can distinguish the expired sample and thermal spectrum of biological activity can distinguish special samples exactly. Thus, we established the evaluation method regarding the quality volatility of Yiqi Fumai freeze-dried powder for injection. The method can be used as a useful supplement in quality control as, and it could provide some technical information for quality control of other varieties of traditional Chinese medicine for injection.
Biological Assay ; methods ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Escherichia coli ; chemistry ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Powders ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; standards ; Quality Control ; Thermodynamics

Objective To discuss whether the separating block of sensory nerve with acupoint-injection and epidural analgesia by ropivacaine during labour.Methods Ninty full term primigravidae with ASAⅠ～Ⅱwere randomly divided into 3 groups:group E(n = 30),group C(n = 30)and group A(n = 30).When the external cervi- cal os was dilated to 3cm,group A:acupiont-injection to Ci Liao;group E:epidural analgesia with 0.075% ropiva- caine and fentanyel 2?g/ml;group C:combining group A and group E except fentanyel 2?g/ml.Level of pain(VAS scores),degree of sensory and motor block,the mode of delivery,the progress of labour and side effects were recorded and compared.Results The level of pain(VAS scores)in group A was higher than that of group C and group E,and there were no significant differences in group C and group E,Bur there were some side effects discovered in group E. There was no significant differences of the mode of delivery in the groups.Conclusion The method that acupoint- rejection combined with epidural analgesia by 0.075% ropivacaine is effective and has no side effects for labour.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the applicability of integration between three-dimensional (3D) facial and dental data to evaluate the nasolabial morphology variation before and after the cross-arch fixed restoration of the maxillary implant-supported prostheses. METHODS: Twelve patients (4 women and 8 men), mean age (54.82±5.50) years (from 45 to 62 years) referred to the Department of Oral Implan-tology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, were selected and diagnosed with edentulous maxilla. For all the patients, 4 to 6 implants were inserted into the maxilla. Six months later, the final cross-arch fixed prostheses were delivered. The 3D facial images were collected before and after the final restoration. The 3D data of prostheses were also captured. All the 3D data were registered and measured in the same coordinate system. Then the displacement of all the landmarks [cheilion left (CHL), cheilion right (CHR), crista philtri left (CPHL), crista philtri right (CPHR), labrale supe-rius (LS), subnasale (SN), stomion (STO), upper incisor (UI), upper flange border of the prostheses (F-point, F)], and the variation of the distances between these landmarks (SN-LS, CPHR-CPHL, CHR-CHL, LS-STO) were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: The consistency test among three measurements of the length of F-SN indicated that the integration method of the dental prostheses and soft tissue had the good repetitiveness, ICC=0.983 (95%CI: 0.957-0.995). After wearing the final cross-arch maxillary implant-supported prostheses, all the landmarks on the soft tissue moved forward. The nasal base area changed minimally, and the shift of SN in the sagittal direction was only (0.61±0.44) mm. But the sagittal shift of LS was (3.12±1.38) mm. In the vertical direction, SN, LS, CPHL, and CPHR moved upward. But STO, CHL, and CHR moved downward a little. Except for the slight decrease of the length of philtrum (SN-LS), the length of CHL-CHR, CPHL-CPHR, and the height of upper lip were increased together (P < 0.01). In the direction of Z axis, the strong correlations were found not only between the movements of SN and F (r=0.904 3) but also between the movements of LS and UI (r=0.958 4). CONCLUSION The integration method of 3D facial and dental data showed good repetitiveness. And the strong correlations between the landmarks of prostheses and nasolabial soft tissue in the sagittal direction were found by this new method.
Female ; Humans ; Incisor ; Lip ; Male ; Maxilla/surgery* ; Middle Aged ; Mouth, Edentulous ; Prostheses and Implants