Chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5 ),as a member of the G protein-coupled receptor(GPCR)superfamily,is a membrane protein on cell surface and one of the major of coreceptors for HIV-1infection.CCR5 has became a molecular target for the novel drugs against HIV-1,and antagonists for CCR5 could be grouped as following, chemokine derivatives,small molecule non-peptide compounds,molecular antibodies and peptides. These compounds with high anti-viral activity and affinity are at different stages, and some have been under clinical studies. Therefore, the development research in the different kind of CCR5 antagonists is reviewed.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Xiaoyao Powder (XP) and its compatible prescriptions on the ethology, morphology, and activities of neurotransmitters, thus exploring their effects and mechanism in preventing and treating D-galactose induced Alzheimer's disease (AD) model mice, and clarifying the compatibility mechanism for soothing Gan, nourishing blood, and invigorating Pi.

METHODSSixty SPF mice were randomly divided into the blank control group, the model group, and the XP group, Shugan Jianpi group (SJ), Shugan Yangxue group (SY), and Jianpi Yangxue group (JY), 10 in each group.The AD mouse model was prepared by peritoneal injecting D-galactose. Meanwhile, mice in the blank control group and the model group were administered with physiological saline (at the daily dose of 24 mL/kg) by gastrogavage. Mice in the XP group (2.485 g/kg), the SY group (1.136 g/kg), the SJ group (1.775 g/kg), and the JY group (2.059 g/kg) were administered with corresponding medicated decoction by gastrogavage, with the gastric volume of 24 mL/kg. On the 41st day the training of capability for learning and memory was started. On the 42nd day capability for learning and memory was tested. The brain tissue was cut. One half was used to determine the contents of homogenate acetyl cholinesterase (AchE), choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), and monoamine oxidase (MAO).Another half was used to carry out morphological observations.

RESULTSThe capability for learning and memory could be improved and the latency time could be lowered in all the treatment groups. Besides, the homogenate AchE and MAO could also be elevated, ChAT could be lowered; the morphology, number, and distribution of neurons could be improved. But the improvement of ethology, morphology, and activities of neurotransmitters were most obviously seen in the XP group.

CONCLUSIONSXP could improve the ethology, morphology, and activities of neurotransmitters, and showed better effects on prevention and treatment of AD. The rationality of compatibility methods and combination thinking ways of soothing Gan, nourishing blood, and invigorating Pi were clarified.

Alzheimer Disease ; metabolism ; psychology ; Animals ; Behavior, Animal ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; metabolism

United States is the world's Medical Center, and American medical education is also a typical representative of the western medical education. This study takes the Medical School of Utah University and Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology as an example to analyze and compare the similarities and differences between Chinese and American medi-cal schools in the aspects of subject setting , curriculum planning , teaching method and auxiliary teaching means. The result shows that both are basically the same in the setting of the course of clini-cal medicine, adopt integration module and PBL teaching, but there are fewer subjects of basic course at the school of medicine of Utah university, and online teaching and studying are more commonly used as an auxiliary teaching means.

Objective To investigate the influence of multiple sadation of dexmedetomidine (Dex) and midazolam on young rats′nervous injury and the learning and memory ability after grow up .Methods 36 male SD rats were randomly allocated to 3 groups (n=12):control group(C) ,midazolam group (M ) and dexmedetomidine group(D) .The group C was given normal saline 0 .1 mL/kg by subcutaneous injection .The group M was subcutaneously injected by midazolam 2 .4 mg/kg ,0 .1 mL/kg .The group D was subcutaneously injected by dexmedetomidine 75 μg/kg ,0 .1 mL/kg .Each group received once injection for 3 d .Plasma S100β,NSE were measured at 6 h after medication .The rats′memory ability after grow up was assessed by the Morris water maze test .Results Compared with the group C ,the escape latency in the group M was extended and the times across the platform was decreased . The expressions of S100βand NSE in the group M were enhanced at 6 h after medication .There was no statistical difference be-tween the group C and D .The changes of various indexes in the group D had no significance .Conclusion Compared with midazo-lam ,using new type narcotic and sedative agent dexmedetomidine had little influence on the young rat nervous injury and the learn-ing and memory ability after grow up in rat .

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of total pelvic floor reconstruction treating female pelvic organ prolapse with prolift system .Methods The effectiveness and complications 24 cases genital pro-lapse according to POP Q stages who underwent total pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with prolift system were retro -spectively reviewed.Results The mean operative time was (97.5 ±23.3) min.The average blood loss (68.5 ± 28.1)mL.The mean postoperative hospital′s day was (8.9 ±2.3)days.The symptoms of all patients with peivic floor prolapse disappeared .2 cases sufferd pain and mesh erosion ,1 case had buttock abscess during follow-up.All recov-ered after treatment .Conclusion The short-term curative of total pelvic floor reconstruction surgery with prolift sys-tem is good.These cases have some postoperative complication .Such operation mode should be selected comprehen-sively.

Objective To evaluate the pathophysiology of paraplegia during transarterial chemoembolization in liver cancer and investigate effective management and prevention for improving clinical situation and relieve major symptoms.Method 2758 patients accepted TACE procedure because of liver cancer(and/or combined with remote metastasis),demonstrated 4 cases suffering from paraplegia(3 males,1 female)since Mar.2003 to Feb.2005,with mean age of(51?14)years old,The operative records and the clinical features after chemoembolization were summarized in detail.Results The incidence of paraplegia was 0.145%,with major symptoms of dysesthesia and hypokinesise emerging within 4 hours after TACE,and most symptoms aggravating gradually within 24-48 hours untill paraplegia appeared,and then turned to stabilization about 5-7 days,with their body functions partial recovery in 2 months.Conclusion More attention should be paied to prevent ectopic embolization of spinal cord vessels originating from extrahepatic collateral arteries during TACE or TAE.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis.
●METHODS:Retrospective study. A total of 57 cases (57 eyes ) with complicated cataract with uveitis were involved in the study from Jan. 2015 to Dec. 2015. All cases underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery successfully. The postoperative reaction, effect, complications and so on were retrospectively analyzed after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery. The date of visual outcome was analyzed using Non - parametric Wilcoxon test.
●RESULTS: lris were bleed in 21 eyes ( 37%) , 4 eyes ( 7%) with posterior capsule rapture and posterior chamber intraocular lens was not implanted in 4 eyes ( 7%) . The uncorrected visual acuity ( UCVA ) was significantly increased after surgery. The UCVA of 8 eyes (14%) were 0. 1 or better before surgery, and the UCVA of 42 eyes (74%) were 0. 1 or better 3mo after surgery, the difference was statistically significant ( Z=23. 42, P<0. 001). The corneal edema (17 eyes, 30%), uveitis (2 eyes, 4%) and intraocular hypertension ( 1 eyes, 2%) were appeared in postoperative 1d. The corneal edema (3 eyes, 5%) was appeared in postoperative 1wk. The uveitis ( 1 eyes, 2%) was appeared in postoperative 1mo. The corneal edema (1 eyes, 2%), uveitis (2 eyes, 4%) , intraocular hypertension ( 1 eyes, 2%) and after-cataract ( 3 eyes, 5%) were appeared in postoperative 3mo.
● CONCLUSION: The phacoemulsification combined intraocular lens implantation surgical intervention of complicated cataract in patients with uveitis has good effect and fewer complications.

AIM:To investigate the effect of case-based learning ( CBL) teaching combination with paper review method in the teaching of ophthalmology residents. ·METHODS:The study was conducted from 2015 to 2016. The residents in Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital were included in the research. During the year of 2015, the traditional lecture-based learning ( LBL) method was applied (as a control group). During the year of 2016, the CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method was applied (as an experimental group). At the end of the course, exams and questionnaires were conducted to evaluate the teaching effect of two different methods. The exams consisted of theoretical and operational assessment. The teaching satisfactions, learning interests, scientific research interests and clinical abilities were included in the questionnaires. The data was analyzed by SPSS 16. 0. ·RESULTS:The results of final exams indicated that the scores of the experimental group (88. 2±6. 5) were higher than the control group ( 75. 6 ± 6. 0 ). The difference showed statistically significant (t=6. 68, P<0. 05). The results of questionnaires indicated that students showed much more satisfied with CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method ( 91%) than traditional teaching method (50%, x2 =8. 84, P<0. 05). Students in the experimental group improved learning interest ( x2 =6. 29, P<0. 05), increased research interest (x2=4. 54, P<0.05) and approved clinical ability (x2 =4. 25, P<0. 05). The comparison of two groups showed the statistically difference (P<0. 05). ·CONCLUSION: CBL teaching combination with paper review teaching method is beneficial to improve the teaching effect, and it is also beneficial to train residents'clinical skills and research abilities.

The brown slime inside pipeline of the polluted mineral waters well was analyzed. It was confirmed that the brown slime was a biofilm formed mainly by growth of bacteria contaminant, using microscope analysis. After treated with HCl, the brown crystals and mycelioid matter presented in slimes disappeared. It was verified these were metal deposits. The samples produced Prussia blue deposits by dropping K 4Fe(CN) 6 and HCl, which proved that the metal deposits were iron compound. Also it was believed the biofilm was produced by growth of iron bacteria, mixed with deposits of iron compound. The iron bacteria have been isolated from the slimes and cultured in the laboratory. The colony on agar plate also produced Prussia blue deposits after treated with K 4Fe(CN) 6 and HCl. The cells form of pure culture was the same as that in the samples by electronmicroscope analysis. Therefore, It indicated that the bacteria on biofilm inside pipeline were iron bacteria mainly.

Objective To investigate the level of serum retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) and related factors in chronic hepatitis C (CHC). Methods Fifty-six patients with CHC (CHC group) and 35 healthy volunteers (control group) were selected. Serum RBP4 level was measured by ELISA method.Fasting blood glucose ( FBG ), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol ( TC ), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) were measured, HCV-RNA level was tested by qualitative polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR). Results There were no significant difference in FBG, TC,TG, γ-GT between two groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Serum RBP4 level in CHC group [(33.38 ± 6.43 ) mg/L] was higher than that in control group [(26.11 ± 3.35) mg/L](P＜ 0.01),the CHC patients with ALT normal (26 cases) had significantly higher RBP4 level [( 38.96 ± 4.09) mg/L] compared with ALT abnormal [30 cases, ( 28.53 ± 3.43 ) mg/L](P ＜ 0.01 ). ALT level was negative with RBP4 in CHC group (r = -0.6368, P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Serum RBP4 level is significantly associated with CHC and negatively correlated with ALT level,but not associated with FBG, TC,TG, γ-GT and HCV-RNA.