OBJECTIVE:To select the formula,preparation and quality evaluation of water-in-oil microemulsion. METHODS:Water-in-oil micromulsion has been formulated using Volp-5 as surfactant, several short chain alcohols as co-surfactants, and the different oils, pseudoternary phase diagrams have been constructed to evaluate the phase behavior of the formulations of the water-in-oil microemulsion, and the influence of mixing ratio of various elements on the area of microemulsion was also examined. The morphology, particle size, distribution and stability was assessed. RESULTS:The stable water-in-oil microemulsion was made. The microemulsion delivery could be prepared using Volp-5/ethanol/caprylic-capric-triglyceride/water (3∶2∶2∶4)system and no phase separation was observed in three months. CONCLUSION:The formulation provide a convenient means of the oral delivery taking advantage of microemulsion's merit, which is easy to prepare with consistent quality.

Objective: To investigate the efficacy of progesterone tablets in the patients with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion and the influence on cellular immunity factor.Methods: Totally 90 cases of unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group (45 ones in each).After pregnancy, the control group was given intramuscular injection of human chorionic gonadotropin, and the observation group started to be treated with progesterone tablets on the 35th day after menolipsis.The levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-17 (IL-17) and IFN-γ were determined, and the expression of T helper lymphocytes (Th17/CD4+), regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg/CD4+) and T helper lymphocytes regulatory T lymphocytes (Th17/Treg) was compared before and after the treatment.The pregnancy success rate and abortion rate were compared between the groups after the treatment, and adverse reactions were also observed.Results: After the treatment, the expression levels of IL-4 and IL-10 in the observation group were higher than those in the control group, and the expression levels of IL-17 in the observation group was lower than that in the control group, and the differences between the groups were significant (P＜0.05);after the treatment, the expression of Th17/CD4+ and Th17/Treg in the two groups decreased, and that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;after the treatment, the expression of Treg/CD4+ in the two groups increased, and that in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was significant (P＜0.05);after the treatment, the expression of IFN-γ in the two groups decreased, and that in the observation group was lower than that in the control group;after the treatment, the pregnancy rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group with lower abortion rate, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).The incidence of adverse reactions in the observation group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion: Progesterone tablets in the treatment of unexplained recurrent abortion patients show significant effects, and can effectively improve the cellular immune factor in the patients, which is worth promoted application in clinics.

Adolescent ; Age Factors ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; etiology ; pathology

Objective: To determine the plasma MMP-9 levels in patients with coronary heart disease before and after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and in healthy controls before and after coronary angiography, so as to assess the value of MMP-9 in evaluating the plaque stability in atherosclerosis. Methods: The plasma MMP-9 levels were determined by ELISA in 29 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 34 patients with unstable angina (UAP), 27 patients with stable angina (SAP), and 28 healthy controls. Meanwhile, their serum hs-CRP levels were measured by particle-enhanced immunonephelometry. Results: The baseline level of MMP-9 was higher in AMI group (171.30 ng/ ml) than those in SAP (52.00 ng/ml, P<0.01) and control (52.75 ng/ml, P<0.01) groups, and was higher in UAP group (143.55 ng/ml) than those in SAP and the control groups (P<0.05). The serum level of hs-CRP was higher in AMI group (5.260 mg/L) than those in UAP (2.040 mg/L, P<0.01), SAP (1.070 mg/L, P<0.01), and the control (0.550 mg/L, P<0.01) groups, and was higher in UAP group than those in the SAP (P<0.05) and the control groups (P<0.01). The levels of MMP-9 were obviously decreased after operation. The change of MMP-9 (ΔMMP-9) in AMI group (135.40 ng/ ml) was more obvious than those in SAP (29.50 ng/ml, P<0.01) and the control (26.50 ng/ml, P<0.01) groups. ΔMMP-9 in UAP (103.05 ng/ml) group was more obvious than those in SAP and the control groups (P<0.05). The plasma levels of MMP-9 were positively correlated with the levels of hs-CRP; neither MMP-9 nor hs-CRP was correlated with Gensini score or the number of diseased arteries. Conclusion: Plasma levels of MMP-9 and hs-CRP can be used for evaluation of plaque stability in coronary atherosclerosis. The post-PCI decrease of plasma MMP-9 level may be related to the improvements of ischemia and inflammation.

Objective To investigate the expression levels of E cadherin (E cd) and proliferation related antigen Ki67 and their roles in the mechanism of invasion and metastasis of non small cell lung carcinoma(NSCLC). Methods The expression levels of E cd and Ki67 antigen were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results The positive rates of E cd in the cases of Ⅲ Ⅳ stage and Ⅰ Ⅱ stage were 33 3% and 65 7%, respectively, but those of Ki67 were 96 3% and 68 6%. The expression levels of E cd and Ki67 in cases with metastasis were significantly different from those in cases without metastasis. Conclusion The expression levels of E cd and Ki67 are closely associated with invasion and metastasis of NSCLC. The expression level of E cd is negatively correlated with that of Ki67 in NSCLC.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of virtual touch tissue quantification (VTQ) for nonpalpable breast masses.Methods Two hundred and one nonpalpable breast masses in 176 women who had been scheduled for a sonographically guided core biopsy or operation were examined with the B-mode sonography and VTQ.The pathologic diagnosis was used as the golden standard.The diagnostic performances of the two methods were evaluated with receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC).Results The mean shear wave velocity (SWV) measurement values were (6.17 ± 1.95)m/s in malignant masses and (3.39± 1.82)m/s in benign masses(P ＜0.01),respectively.The area under the ROC curve was 0.789 for the VTQ and 0.840 for the BI-RADS-US,respectively.No statistically difference was found between them.The area under the ROC curve of the combination of the two methods was 0.934,the diagnostic performance of the combination was better than that of BLRADS-US(P ＜0.01)and VTQ alone (P ＜0.01).Conclusions VTQ is a good method for diagnosing nonpalpable breast lesions.The combination of BI-RADS-US and VTQ has better diagnostic perform ance for differentiation of nonpalpable breast lesions,which has important value in clinical application.

Child, Preschool ; Hearing Disorders ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant

Aim Tostudytheeffectof4-phenlybuty-rate acid(4-PBA) on the heart function of diabetic rats and to explore its underlying mechanism. Methods MaleSprague-Dawley(SD)ratsweredividedintothree groups randomly: ( 1 ) control rats;( 2 ) diabetic rats;(3) 4-PBA treated diabetic rats. Type 1 diabetic mod-el was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of strepotozotocin (60 mg·kg-1 ) . After five weeks dia-betic model was established, diabetic rats were treated with 4-PBA by P. O at the dose of 1 g·kg-1 per day for 20 weeks. At the end of the experiment, hemody-namics of the left ventricle and main artery were detec-ted through right carotid artery cannulation in rats. The level of blood glucose, the activity of superoxide dis-mutase( SOD) and nitric oxide synthetase ( NOS) and the content of malondialdehyde ( MDA ) and nitric ox-ide( NO) of serum and myocardial tissue in rats were measuredbycolorimetry.Results Thetreatmentof4-PBA had no effect on blood glucose, the weight of body and heart, but slightly increased systolic and diastolic pressure of artery, heart rate, systolic pressure of left ventricular, maximum increase rate and minimum de-crease rate of left ventricular pressure( ± dp/dt) in di-abetic rats. It also slightly decreased diastolic pressure of left ventricular, shortened diastolic duration of left ventricular ( P > 0. 05 ) . Moreover, it significantly shortened relaxation time of left ventricular in diabetic rats (P<0. 05). In addition, the treatment of 4-PBA obviously enhanced the activity of SOD and NOS, NO content, and reduced the content of MDA in serum and heartofdiabeticrats(P<0.05).Conclusion 4-PBA has a potential protective effect on heart function in diabetic rats, which is achieved by ameliorating he-modynamics and significantly improving diastolic dys-function in diabetic rats. The underlying mechanism may be related to the inhibition of oxidative stress and promoting the genesis of NO in myocardial tissue.

Eighty-eight patients with obstructive sleep apnea hyperpnoea syndrome (OSHAS) were assigned to the mild (n =21 ), moderate (n =30), or severe group (n =37) according to apnea-hypopnea index( AHI ). Twenty-five healthy individuals were selected as normal controls. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to measure the intimae-media thickness of the carotid coteries and the occurrence of sclerosis plagues. Our data found that increased severity of OSHAS led to the elevated intimae-media thickness of the carotid coteries and more sclerosis plagues, which suggests OSHAS may influence the development of the carotid artery arthrosclerosis.

Child ; Humans ; Otolaryngology ; Pediatrics