Objective To investigate the effects of treatment of syphilis in pregnancy on perinatal prognosis. Methods Patients of syphilis in pregnancy from Hainan Provincial People′s Hospital and Haikou Municipal Maternal and Child Health Center during 1995.1 to 2001.1 were collected for retrospective analysis. Pregnant women with syphilis were divided into treated group and untreated group according to whether they received penicillin anti syphilis treatment or not during pregnancy. Results The total number of deliveries in the 2 hospitals during that period was 18 701, and 61 out of 9 805 women screened for syphilis were positive, giving an incidence of 6 2/1000. The perinatal mortality rates were 11 2% in treated group and 83 3% in untreated group, and incidences of congenital syphilis were 17 6% and 72 7% respectively. Conclusion Syphilis in pregnancy is a serious complication to harm the fetus. Screening of syphilis during pregnancy is necessary, and penicillin treatment is effective which may reduce the perinatal mortality rate and the birth of congenital syphilis baby.

ObjectiveTo observe the protective effect of tetrahydroxystilbene glucoside (TSG) on rats' hippocampal neuronal damage induced by glutamate (Glu) in the culture.MethodsHippocampus was isolated from newborn SD rats and dispersedly cultured in the medium for 9 days. Neurons were incubated with TSG (5—100μmol/L) for 24h, the cells were washed twice with Lock's solution without Mg2+,then Glu 500 μmol/L was added. Thirty min later, the reaction was terminated by washing the monolayer cells twice with the Lock's solution and then cultures were kept at 37℃ for 24h. Cell viability was measured by MTT method and cell membrane damage was determined by LDH leakage; with Fluo-3/AM as an intracellular calcium indicator and added into the bathing medium, fluorescent intensity of intracellular free calcium were observed through laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM).ResultsAfter the treatment with 5—100μmol/L TSG for 24h, the decrease of cell viability and the increase of LDH leakage caused by Glu was obviously resisted dose dependently. TSG inhibited increase of Ca2+ in cytoplasm, compared with model group.ConclusionTSG can significantly promote the cell viability and reduce the cell membrane damage in Glu treating hippocampal neurons. The neuroprotective activities of TGS is mediated by inhibiting Ca2+ overload in cytoplasm.

Acetamides ; metabolism ; toxicity

Objective:China was categorized as one of the 68 countdown countries to achieve the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDG) 5. This paper aimed to analyze the situation of maternal survival, and coverage of proven cost effective interventions in China, where specific attention was paid to disparities. Methods: National maternal and child mortality surveillance data were used to estimate maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Coverage for proven interventions was analyzed based on National Health Services Survey, where experts' consultations were made for complementation. Results: There had been a significant reduction of MMR in China, however great disparities existed, with rural Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas experiencing 2 to 5 times higher maternal mortality risks than urban areas and accounting for over 70% maternal mortality burdens. Postpartum hemorrhage, pregnancy associated hypertension, embolism and sepsis were the leading causes, and over 75% of the maternal mortality was caused by preventable or curable causes. Maternal health services utilization decreased in accordance with region' s development level. Socioeconomic factors like financial difficulties were the main obstacles hindering access of care.Even those who made deliveries in hospitals faced different probabilities in receiving qualified care according to their socioeconomic standings. Conclusion: China is on track to achieve MDG 5, however great disparities exist. It is necessary to specifically target rural types Ⅱ to Ⅳ areas. Major causes of maternal mortality which can be prevented or averted through the provision of essential obstetrical care. Yet as compared with maternity health needs, insufficient coverage of maternal and child health (MCH) care services and poor service quality are the leading predisposing factors contributing to maternal mortality in China.

Bronchi ; cytology ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology

Background Medical refraction after cycloplegia is the preferable choice for precise measurement of degree of refractive error.Drugs used in China for cycloplegia include atropine and tropicamide,and the use of cyclopentolate is an alternative for ophthalmologist.However,the data for the evaluation and comparison of efficacy of the available drugs in cycloplegia is still lacking.Objective This system analysis was to evaluate the difference between atropine and cyclopentolate in cycloplegia in children.Methods A systematic literature retrieval was conducted in MEDLINE,EMbase,Google residual accommodation after cycloplegia by atropine and cyclopentolate were compared.Statistical analysis was performed using the RevMan 5.1.0 software.Results A total of 7 studies were included in this meta analysis,including 6 cohort study design and 1 randomized,doubleblinded clinical trial and 1232 eyes.For retinoscopic evaluation after cycloplegia,no significant differences were found between cyclopentolate and atropine in children with hyperopia and myopia (WMD =-0.21,95％ CI:-0.47-0.06,P=0.13 ; WMD =-0.10,95％ CI:-0.36-0.15,P =0.43).For residual accommodation after cycloplegia,no significant difference was seen between cyclopentolate and atropine in ammetropic children (WMD =0.30,95％ CI:-0.10-0.71,P =0.15).Conclusions Cyclopentolate shows the same effect on the cycloplegia as atropine in children,and it can take the place of atropine in cycloplegia in childhood.

OBJECTIVE To know the disinfection and sterilization work quality in some hospitals, and to improve nosocomial disinfection and infection control management. METHODS Field selective examination and laboratory examination methods were used to carry out survey. RESULTS The eligible rate of indoor air was the lowest during three years in two provinces. The eligible rate of endoscope disinfection efficacy and ultraviolet radiation intensity was low. The eligible rate of autoclaving quality and oral instruments was more than 80% in the last two years. The eligible rate of sterile medical devices was over 90% in the last three years. CONCLUSIONS The results suggested that nosocomial infection incidence rate be decreased by improving disinfectant environment, adding disinfectant equipments or medical treatment instruments and enhancing doctors′ and nurses′ washing hands awareness.

OBJECTIVE To detect the condition of bacteria of the air in wards of our hospital in order to reduce the possibility of air spread. METHODS Ten tuberculosis wards were chosen at random for study.Detected the bacteria content of the air in wards used before and after respectively and analysed the results. RESULTS The average of backgroud bacteria was 164 CFU/m 3 before the wards were used.Two years later,the average of bacteria increased to 682 CFU/m 3.The ratio was 1∶3:2 on average.There were significant differences between them. CONCLUSIONS Humen are the main facters that make the air polluted in these wards.The bacteria content will decline by good environment cleaning sanitation,ventilation and strengthening steriling management.Infection will decline in the hospital.

Objective To investigate the drug resistance and distribution of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected pa‐tients in our hospital from 2009 to 2013 ,and provide basis for clinical treatment .Methods Retrospective review was adopted to an‐alyze the antibiotic resistance and the specimen source of 562 SA strains .ATB Expression and ID 32 STAPH were used to identify SA .Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by K‐B method .Results 562 SA strains ,including 218 MRSA ,are mainly from secretions ,sputum and pus .Resistance was most frequently observed on penicillin ,followed by erythromycinand clindamycin .None of the isolates was resistant to vancomycin ,amikacin ,nitrofurantoin and linezolid .The resistance rates of MRSA to penicillin ,eryth‐romycin ,cotrimoxazole ,clindamycin ,gentamicin ,cefoxitin ,tetracycline and rifampicin were obviously higher than that of MSSA ,and there are very significant differences between them (P<0 .05) .Conclusion There is a declining trend in the isolation rates of SA and MRSA in our hospital ,but the drug resistance situation remains serious .Vancomycin is still the first option for the cure of MR‐SA infections .Therefore ,strengthening SA resistance monitoring and avoiding misuse of antimicrobial drugs is an effective way to prevent SA infection .