Objective To explore the relationship between the critical thinking disposition and the innovation behavior in nurses. Methods A total of 360 clinical nurses were questionnaired by the critical thinking disposition inventory and innovation behavior scale. Pearson correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis were used to explore the effect of critical thinking disposition on the innovation behavior in nurses. Results The total scores of critical thinking disposition and innovation behavior in nurses were respectively 290.68±33.46 and 4.12±0.96. There was significant difference of the score of innovation behavior in nurses with different professional titles and working years(F=6.257, 4.802, P<0.05). The score of innovation behavior was positively correlated with the scores of seek truth, open mind, analysis ability, systematic ability, self-confidence, learning desire and cognitive maturity(r=0.367-0.514, P<0.05). Hierarchical regression analysis showed that the seek truth, open mind, analysis ability, systematic ability, self-confidence, learning desire and cognitive maturity were the influencing factors of innovative behavior in nurses. Conclusions The critical thinking disposition and innovation behavior were in medium level in nurses, and the critical thinking disposition was the influencing factors of innovative behavior in nurses.

Objective To observe the type and prevalence of esophageal motility abnormality in patients with respiratory symptom.And to investigate the effect and clinical significance of ineffective esophageal motility(IEM)in the pathogenesis of GERD with respiratory symptom.Methods In the thirty-four GERD patients with respiratory symptoms of asthma,chronic cough,complaint of laryngeal pharynges,the esophageal manometry and 24 hour esophageal pH monitoring were performed by Multiple Functional Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor made by MMS,Holland.The peristaltic velocity,amplitude and duration of esophageal body and lower esophageal sphincter(LES)pressure was detected.Computer software was used to analyze pH monitoring result,including the percentage of pH0.05)between GERD patients with respiratory symptom group and normal control group.In the group of GERD patients with respiratory symptom,main abnormal esophageal motility type was IEM,the prevalance of IEM(41.2%)being significantly higher than that in group of typical reflux symptom GERD(18.5%)and normal control group(0).In 34 GERD patients with respiratory symptom,24 hour esophageal pH monitoring result of IEM group and normal esophageal motility group was analyzed:the total percentage of pH

Objective To investigate the early neurotoxicity of rotenone on dopaminergic neurons and explore an ideal tissue model. Methods A long-term midbrain slice culture system of SD pup was established according to the interface tissue culture method.After rotenone was added for some time,its toxic effects on the whole slices and the dopaminergic neurons were identified through the measurements of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) released into the medium from the slices and dopamine(DA) content from the cultured tissue,as well as the observations of immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase(TH). Results In those cultures exposed to rotenone for 24 h,the level of DA in tissue dramatically decreased with the concentrations rising.The processes of TH-positive neurons in slices demonstrated some morphological changes,such as appearance of string of beads,reduce of numbers and even disappearance.The content of dopamine in tissue was dominantly decreased with 5 nmol/L rotenone for 14 days,although its cellular morphology was not seen to change.Conclusion Long-time stable midbrain slice culture system has been set up successfully.The neurotoxicity of rotenone on the whole slices and dopaminergic neurons shows a dose-dependent manner.The functional damages on the neurons may be earlier than their morphological changes,of which the injury in the processes of neurons seems to be an early characteristic.

Pooled literatures showed that the induced abortion in China faces many problems:the number of induced abortion remains large; most cases are young and nulliparity women; the frequency of abortion is high; and the interval between one and another abortion is short. Health promotion strategies should be applied to address these problems. It is important to increase the population's awareness of contraception,especially among nulliparity and migrant populations. Routine and effective contraceptive methods should be recommended and emphasized during induced abortion and delivery to lower the rate of induced abortion.
Abortion, Induced ; statistics & numerical data ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy

BACKGROUND:To maintain the long-term effect of ful crown largely depends on the health of periodontal tissues. OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crown restoration on the state of periodontal health. METHODS:Sixty-four abutments of 55 patients were randomly divided into two groups:the experimental group included 32 abutments of 29 patients which would be restored by CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crowns;the control ed group included 32 abutments of 26 patients which would be restored by Ni-Cr al oy porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations. The volume of gingival crevicular fluid and the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αin the two groups were examined at the pre-restoration and post-restoration stages. Meanwhile, periodontal clinical indicators, including sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, plaque index and attachment loss were recorded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:No difference in various indexes was found in the experimental group before and after restoration (P>0.05). At 12 months after restoration, in the control group, the volume of gingival crevicular fluid, the levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, sulcus bleeding index, probing depth, and plaque index were al increased (P>0.05);meanwhile, these indexes in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Experimental findings suggest that the CAD/CAM zirconia al-ceramic crown restoration is more favorable to the health of periodontal tissues.

Sulfur fumigation was a traditional maintenance method for traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). However , as people have paid more and more attentions on the sulfur dioxide residue in the sulfur fumigated TCMs , China has gradually decreased and banned the sulfur fumigation for TCMs . This study adopted organic elemental analysis for the determination of sulfur contents in multiple TCMs . Elemental analysis can give accu-rate results with little sample amount in a short time . Data analysis indicated that the sulfur content of 0.5% can be set as a criterion for the identification of sulfur fumigated TCMs. Sulfur content of ten unknown TCMs were determined by elemental analysis and identified whether the TCMs have been fumigated by sulfur. The devel-oped elemental analysis method can be used as a screening method for rapid identification of TCMs' quality.

Objective To investigate the significance of changes of esophageal peristalsis in hiatal hernia patients. Methods 32 patients with symptom of gastroesophageal reflux(esophageal hernia 10, hiatal hernia with esophagitis 12 and esophagitis 10) and 9 patients without symptom of reflux were selected.Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure ,esophageal peristaltic velocity ,amplitude and duration were detected respectively;the degree of esophagitis was identified with gastroscopy. Results LES pressures in hiatal hernia with esophagitis group and simple esophagitis group were significantly lower than those in control group , there was no significant difference between hiatal hernia group and control group . In hiatal hernia group ,the peristaltic amplitudes of proximal and distal esophagus (51.3?5.4 mmHg and 83.6?8.3 mmHg) were significantly higher than those in the other three groups , while esophagitis group was significantly the lowest . There were no significant difference about esophageal peristltic duration both of proxmial and distal esophagus between these four groups .Furthermore , distal esophageal peristaltic velocity was significantly higher in hiatal hernia group than that in the other three groups , and it was the lowest in esophagitis group .Conclusion The changes of esophageal peristalsis in patient with hiatal hernia play an important role in the pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux and mucosal injury.[

Objective To address angiotensin Ⅱ type 1 receptor (AT 1R) gene polymorphism and its relationship with plasma endothelin (ET) in PIH. Methods Gene polymorphism of AT 1R at site 1166 was detected with polymerase chain reaction (PCR), digestion of restriction enzyme and electrophoresis. Plasma ET was measured by radioimmunoassay. Results 1. The frequencies of genotype(AC and CC) at 1166 of AT 1R gene and C allele in PIH individuals were significantly higher than those of control group, (? 2=11.06, 9.73, respectively, P0.05). Conclusions 1. The variant (A→C) of 1166 polymorphism site of AT 1R is associated with the generation of PIH, and C allele may be a susceptible gene to PIH. 2.There is relationship between AT 1R gene and plasma ET level in PIH patients.

Objective: To study the influence of total salvianolic acid(TSA) on the renal interstitial fibrosis caused by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) in rats. Methods: Forty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the UUO group, sham operation group, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor ( ACEI)-treated group (positive control), and TSA-treated group. The rats in UUO group and sham-operation group received gastric gavage with normal saline for 8 days before operation; rats in ACEI-treated group and TSA-treated group received ACEI (6 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days) and TSA (20 mg/kg by daily gastric gavage for 8 days), respectively. All rats were killed 7 days after operation and the expression of transforming growth factor-β 1 (TGF-β1) was detected by immunohistochemical method. The dynamic histological changes of renal interstitial tissues were observed by H-E and Masson staining. Results: TGF-β1 expression in TSA-treated (1.38 ± 0.26) and ACEI-treated (1.38 ± 0.26) groups was significantly lower than that in UUO group (P < 0.05). TSA obviously reduced TGF-β1 expression and collagen deposition in the renal interstitial tissues and improved the renal pathological changes in UUO rats. Conclusion: TSA can evidently inhibit UUO-induced renal interstitial fibros is in rats, which might be related with the down regulation of TGF-β1 expression.

Objective: To study the inhibitory effect of rosmarinic acid on xanthine oxidase. Methods: Xanthine oxidase (0.1 U/ml) was incubated with xanthine (1 mmol/L for determining formation of uric acid; 50 μmol/L for determining superoxide anions) in the presence of 20, 40 and 60 μg/ml rosmarinic acid or allopurinol as positive control. The formation of uric acid was determined by automatic biochemical analyzer 5 min after reaction and the production of superoxide anions was measured by Nitro Blue Btetrazolium (NBT) reduction. HL-60 cells (1 ml, 2×105/ml) were pretreated with xanthine (100 μl, 6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase (100 μl, 0.1 U/ml), then rosmarinic acid (500 μg/ml) or allopurinol (1 μg/ ml, as positive control) (Annexin V-PI kit) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate. HL-60 cells (1 ml, 2×105/ml) were also pretreated with xanthine (100 μl, 6 mol/L) and xanthine oxidase (100 μl, 0.1 U/ml), then rosmarinic acid (500 μg/ml) or SOD (100 U/ml, as positive control) (cell cycle method) was added to determine the cell apoptosis rate. Results: Rosmarinic acid obviously inhibited the production of uric acid and superoxide anion-induced reaction in NBT assay, with their IC50 being 56 μg/ml and 21 μg/ml, respectively. The rates of apoptosis inhibition by rosmarinic acid were both over 40% by Annexin V-PI kit and cell cycle method. Conclusion: Rosmarinic acid is a competitive inhibitor of xanthine oxidase.