Claudins ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

Objective To determine blood/gas and tissue/gas partition coefficients of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane and evaluate the effects of pregnancy on them. Methods Ten 18-22 day pregnant and 10 non-pregnant SD rats were killed under pentobarbital anesthesia. The tissue specimens of heart, liver, kidney and brain were obtained and made into homogenates respectively. The blood/gas and tissue/gas partition coefficients of sevoflurane, isoflurane and halothane were determined using a method of 2-stage headspace equilibration by gas chromatography. Results Blood/gas and brain/gas partition coefficients were lower in pregnant group than in non-pregnant group (P

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of treatment of burning mouth syndrome in women by hormone replacement therapy (HRT).Methods:21 cases of climacteric women with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) were treated by HRT with nilestriol and medroxyprogesterone acetate.Another 21 cases were treated with vitamin B,C and oryzanol as the controls.The treatment and follow-up were conducted for 3～6 months.Results:The ratio of effectiveness in HRT group and control group was 85.71% and 14.27% (P

Objective To investigate the effect of PEP-1-heme oxygenase-1 (PEP-1-HO-1) fusion protein transduction on hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) injury in rat H9c2 cells. Methods After construction of the prokaryotic expression plasmid pET15b-PEP-1-hHO-1 containing the human heme oxygenase-1 gene, it was then transformed to make PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein express. The H9c2 cells were cultured in high-glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 15% fetal bovine serum and randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 4 each): control group (group C), H/R group, low-concentration fusion protein group (group L-HO), and high-concentration fusion protein group (group H-HO). The cells were exposed to 22 h of hypoxia followed by 8 h of reoxygenation. PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein was added to the culture medium with a final concentration of 1.0 μ mol/L (group L-HO) or 2.0 μmol/L (group H-HO) before hypoxia. The cells and supernatant of the culture medium were collected after reoxygenation to determine the activity of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the supernatant and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the cells. Results The SOD activity was significantly lower, while the MDA content and LDH activity were significantly higher in group H/R, L-HO and H-HO than in group C (P ＜0.05). The SOD activity was significantly higher, while MDA content and LDH activity were significantly lower in group L-HO and H-HO than in group H/R, and in group H-HO than in group L-HO ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion PEP-1-HO-1 fusion protein transdution can protect H9c2 cells against H/R injury in rats.

Objective To investigate the effects of adenosine postconditioning (AP) on serum IL-10 and TNF-α concentrations following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(VR)in rats.Methods Twenty-four SD ratsweighing 180-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups(n=6 each):group I sham operation (group S);group Ⅱ myocardial I/R;group Ⅲ ischemic postconditioning(group IP)and group Ⅳ AP.Myocardial I/R was induced by 30 rain occlusion of anterior descending branch of left coronary artery followed by 120 min reperfnsion.IP was induced by 3 cycles of 30 s myocardial ischemia followed by 30 s reperfusion at the end of ischemia.In AP group adenosine 1.5 mg/kg was infused at 40μg·kg-1·min-1 before the onset of reperfusion.SP,DP and HR were recorded before ischemia (baseline) at 30 min of ischemia and 30 and 120 min of reperfusion.Arterial bloodsarnples were collected at 120 min of repednsion for determination of serum TNF-α and IL-10 concentrations.Theanimals were then killed.Their hearts were removed for microscopic examination.Myocardial infarct size wasmeasured and myocardial MDA content was determined.Results BP and HR were signilicandy decreased duringreperfusion while myocardial infarct size.MDA content and serum concentrations of IL-10 and TNF-α weresignificantly increased in I/R group compared with group S.Ischemic and adenosine postconditioning significantlyattenuated hypotension,reduced infarct size,myocardial MDA content and serum TNF-α concentration and increased serum IL-10 concentration in group AP and IP as compared with I/R group.There was no significant difference in the above changes between group AP and IP. Myocardial injury was ameliorated in group AP and IP as compared with I/R group. Conclusion Adenosine postconditioning can protect myocardium from I/R injury by increasing IL-10 production and inhibiting TNF-a release.

Based on summarizing the international experiences and reviewing the historical evolution and current situation of the physicians'compensation system of public hospitals in China,this paper clarified the existing problems of the current compensation system.Such problems namely included lack of security on the source of the physicians'compensation,low level of sunshine salary which caused thecompensatory mechanism,lack of scientific design of the salary structure and allocation,as well as other underlying causes.Drawing lessons from reform practices at home and abroad,the basic principles and reform directions were put forward,as well as 4 route selections,namely establishing an security investment system to guarantee a stable and higher level salary under the current compensation system, implementing a high level of flip-type annual compensation with locking the current salary into files, establishing an appropriate compensation system referring to an innovated evaluation system of physicians in public hospitals,and coordinating closely with public institution reforms to promote physicians' compensation system reform.

Objective To study antibacterial effect of formulas, borneol, honey, gentamicin in wet honey ice bedsores.Methods The third-stage infective bedsore model in rabbit were estabished with Staphylococcus aureus ( S.aureus) , Escherichia coli ( E.coli) , and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ( P. aeruginosa).The rabbits with bedsore were respectively compressed with gauze of honey+borneol, honey+gentamicin,borneol+gentamicin,borneol+gentamicin+honey, vaseline as control group.The strain identification and colony counts were observed before and after treatment.ResuIts The colony count of S.aureus, E.coli and P.aeruginosa in honey+borneol, honey+gentamicin, borneol+gentamicin, borneol+gentamicin+honey post-treatment was significantly higher than that of pre-treatment, respectively (P<0.05).The colony count of three strains in above four formulas post-treatment was significantly lower than that in vaseline group, respectively (P <0.05).The colony count of three strains in borneol +gentamicin +honey (original formula) post-treatment was significantly lower than that in the other formulas, respectively (P<0.05).ConcIusion The antibacterial effect of borneol+gentamicin+honey (original formula) is the best.

Objective To study the antibacterial effect of borneol, honey, gentamicin in Ruchuang Bingmi hydropathic compress agent.Method Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus), Escherichia coli(E.coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) were used to produce the third phase of infection decubitus animal models, respectively.Vaseline as the control group, divided into 12 groups:Vaseline-S.aureus, Vaseline-E.coli, Vaseline-P.aeruginosa;Honey-S.aureus,Honey-E.coli,Honey-P.aeruginosa;Borneol -S.aureus;Borneol -E.coli;Borneol-P.aeruginosa;Gentamicin-S.aureus;Gentamicin-E.coli;Gentamicin-P.aeruginosa;6 rabbits in each group.Honey, borneol, gentamicin was made into a gauze in treatment for decubitus .Organizations do strain identification and colony counts was observed before and after taking the treatment.ResuIts Borneol group ( F =11.059,P<0.01).,there was differences of each groups count cultured by borneol;Time ×Strains(F=11.281,P=0.009),there was no significant interaction between the two groups;gentamicin(F=7.99,P=0.000),gentamicin culture showed a difference in each group count;Time ×Strains(F=12.531, P<0.07),interaction between the two groups showed significant.Borneol has no antibacterial effects on P.aeruginosa , had a certain antibacterial activityon S.aureus and E coli;gentamicin had good antibacterial effect on the three kinds of bacteria, and against P.aeruginosa was particularly significant.ConcIusion The antibacterial activity of gentamicin is better than single herbs borneol in Ruchuang Bingmi hydropathic compress agent, honey has no antibacterial effect.

Objective To analyze the differences of immune responses against Mycobacterium tu-berculosis antigens induced in two different nonhuman primates and to provide rationales for the selection of suitable animal models for vaccine efficacy evaluation.Methods Expression of functional surface markers including CD69 and HLA-DR, the activation markers on CD4+and CD8+T cells from in rhesus macaques and cynomolgus monkeys were measured by flow cytometry analysis.PBMCs were isolated from rhesus ma-caques and cynomolgus monkeys with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and stimulated with PPD and pep-tide pools ( ESAT-6/CFP-10) .Enzyme-linked imunospot ( ELISPOT) assay was performed to detect IFN-γproducing lymphocytes.Results The CD4+and CD8+T cells isolated from rhesus macaques without Myco-bacterium tuberculosis infection expressed higher levels of CD69 and HLA-DR than those from healthy cyno-molgus monkeys (P<0.01).The numbers of IFN-γspot forming cells/106 PBMCs in rhesus macaques with Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection for 10 and 11 months were respectively 3 and 3.5 times higher than that of cynomolgus monkeys upon after the stimulation of PBMCs with PPD.The levels of IFN-γproduction by the cells from rhesus macaque group were also higher than those from cynomolgus monkey group upon after the stimulation of PBMCs with ESAT-6 or CFP-10 peptide pools.Conclusion More IFN-γproducing cells were induced in rhesus macaques than that in cynimolgus monkeys after stimulation with Mycobacterium tu-berculosis antigens.Therefore, the rhesus macaques might be a better animal model for evaluating immune responses induced by Mycobacterium tuberculosis vaccines.

Objective To approach the effect of ulinastatin (UTI) on protection of vascular endothelial cells in rats with sepsis and its mechanism.Methods Fifty-two Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a normal saline pretreatment group (control group) and a UTI pretreatment group (UTI group), each groupn = 26. The rats in two groups were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg) intra-peritoneal injection for the establishment of rat septic models. In UTI group, 18 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of UTI 100 kU/kg dissolved in 5 mL normal saline was given, while in the control group, 3 hours before LPS injection, intraperitoneal injection of 5 mL normal saline was given to the rats for pretreatment. Respectively, at 0.5, 2, 4, 12, 24, 72 hours after model establishment, tail venous blood and myocardial tissue were taken. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins (IL-6, IL-10), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the correlation between TNF-α and ICAM-1 was analyzed; the expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cell was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results After model establishment, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, ICAM and VCAM in two groups were gradually increased, reaching the peaks at 24, 12, 12, 72, 72 hours, respectively. Compared with control group, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, ICAM-1, VCAM of UTI group were significantly lower at various time points [24 hours TNF-α (ng/L): 119.8±28.9 vs. 190.2±30.4, 12 hours IL-6 (ng/L): 327.8±26.9 vs. 948.7±63.8, 72 hours VCAM (ng/L): 36.3±3.2 vs. 68.8±2.4, 72 hours ICAM-1 (ng/L): 115.6±11.6 vs. 129.4±8.2,P < 0.05 orP < 0.01], IL-10 was significantly increased [12 hours (ng/L): 80.7±1.9 vs. 42.3±4.9,P < 0.01]. TNF-αwas positively correlated to ICAM significantly (UTI group:r = 0.907,P = 0.050; control group:r = 0.961, P = 0.010). Immunohistochemistry showed that after modeling for 0.5 hour, basically no positive expression of ICAM-1 in myocardial cells was found in the two groups; in the control group, at 12 hours the positive expression of ICAM-1 was increased, and in UTI group, a little expression of ICAM-1 was seen; at 72 hours, the expression of ICAM-1 was significantly increased in both groups.Conclusion UTI can protect the function of endothelial cells in rats with sepsis by regulating the expressions of proinflammatory cytokine, anti-inflammatory cytokine, adhesion molecules, and improving the microvascular permeability.