Triple-negative (TN) carcinoma is a molecular subtype of breast cancer characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER),progesterone receptor (PR) and HER-2.It is a heterogeneous disease,not only on the molecular level,but also on the pathologic and clinical aspects.TN tumors can be further classified into two subtypes:basal-like,defined as expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and/or cytokeratin (CK) 5/6 by immunohistochemistry,and non-basal-like; the majority of TN tumors are basal-like.TN tumors usually have a more aggressive behaviour and poorer outcome compared with non-TN breast cancers,and lack molecular targets commonly used in targeted therapy,making this group of tumors difficult to treat.Developing novel,effective treatment strategies for these tumors is crucial for improving their prognosis.This review describes a recent study series on prognostic and predictive values of tumor biomarker susing in TN breast cancer patients.TN tumors are associated with significantly higher expression of Ki67 and p53 compared to non-TN tumors.Hormone receptor negativity rather than HER-2 negativity is associated with the increased Ki67 and p53 expression in TN tumors.Furthermore,high expression level of Ki67 ( ＞ 10％ ) but not p53,is significantly associated with nodal metastasis in TN tumors,indicating that Ki67 has better prognostic value than p53.TN tumors with distant metastases are significantly associated with lower expression of androgen receptor (AR) as compared to those with only loco-regional disease ; there is a significant negative correlation between AR and Ki67 expressions among AR expressing TN tumors.Basal-like subtype TN tumors with nodal and distant metastases are associated with significantly higher intratumoral expression of EGFR and CK5/6 as compared to those without metastases.Therefore,increased EGFR and CK5/6 intratumoral expression and decreased AR intratumoral expression,rather than the frequency of their expression,may play a role in the development of metastases and may be predictive of metastatic disease in TN breast cancer patients.Anti-EGFR and anti-AR targeted therapies may provide potential treatment options for TN carcinomas,especially those tumors not responding to chemotherapy.

Objective: Objective To study high-level expression and purification of recombinant mature human IL-18(mhIL-18)in E.coli with soluble form.Methods: The gene of mhIL-18 was amplified with PCR.Then,the recombinant expression plasmid pTYB1IL-18 was constructed by cloning mhIL-18 into pTYB1 vector and transformed to E.coli ER2566.IPTG was added into the E.coli ER2566 culture to express recombinant fusion protein.After the harvested bacteria dispersed with ultrasound,SDS-PAGE and Western blot were used to analyze the expression of recombinant fusion protein.The activity of mhIL-18 which had been purified by affinity chromatography was tested by MTT.Results:The cloned sequence of mhIL-18 was identical with the sequence in GenBank.After the induction by IPTG inducing,the fusion protein of mhIL-18 covered over 26% total bacterial proteins,which included 80% active fusion protein.Purification of recombinant expressed mhIL-18 purity was 95%,which had the activity of the mhIL-18.Conclusion: High level expression and purification of recombinant human IL-18 is succeeded which has the activity.

Reading therapy in hospital libraries, academic libraries and public libraries was described in terms of its theoretical study and practical study,and its significance in hospital library was elaborated by comparative analysis.

Objective To assess the efficacy and safety of autologous drainage blood reinfusion in total knee arthroplasty(TKA). Methods Computers were used to search the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and VIP. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of autologous drainage blood reinfusion and vacuum suction without reinfusion after TKA were collected. And the results were analyzed by using the software RevMan5.1. Results Eight RCTs met the criteria for meta-analysis. Use of autologous drainage blood reinfusion significantly reduced the average amount of units of homologous blood transfusion, the length of hospital stay, and the number of patients requiring homologous blood transfusion. The rates of DVT formation and incision infection did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusions Autologous drainage blood reinfusion is a safe, effective procedure with less blood transfusion and medical cost. It can lower volume of allogeneic blood transfusion , shorten length of hospital stay, and avoid occurrence of complications.

The WeChat service provided at present in 14 hospitals directly under the Yunnan Health and Family Planning Commission was surveyed with suggestions proposed for providing active Wechat service in hospitals in order to alleviate the difficulty to see a doctor and the tense relationship between doctors and patients.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of loratadine combined with compositus mentholi cream in the treatment of infantile with external ear eczema and evaluate the safety .Methods:Totally 96 cases of infantile with external ear eczema were ran-domly divided into the observation group (n=48) and the control group (n=48) according to a random number table .Both groups were given the conventional treatment .The control group was treated with topical compositus mentholi cream , while the observation group was treated with loratadine additionally .Both groups were treated for 10 d.The clinical efficacy , the level changes of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interferon-γ(IFN-γ) and immunoglobulin-E (IgE) before and after the treatment, the incidence of adverse reactions during the treatment and the relapse after 6-month follow-up were compared between the groups .Results:The total effective rate of the obser-vation group (95.83%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (79.17%, P<0.05); the levels of IL-4, IFN-γand IgE in both groups were significantly decreased after the treatment (P<0.05), and those in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05);there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between the groups (P<0.05); the recurrence rate in the observation group (8.33%) was significantly lower than that in the control group (22.92%, P<0.05).Conclusion:The clinical efficacy of loratadine combined with compositus mentholi cream in the treatment of infantile with external ear eczema is reliable with promising safety .

Every year, waters on earth receive large quantities of wastewater from industry, agriculture, fish and poultry raising, and municipal sewage treatment plants. Consequently, the aquatic environment on the earth is under a serious challenge from a very large quantity of pollutants such as antibiotics, insecticides, herbicides, hydrocarbons, etc., contained in the domestic wastewater, industrial and agricultural waste water and illegal effluents. In particular, with the development of intensive aquiculture and poultry, the effluent pollution has recently become more and more serious with more attentions. Furthermore more and more chemical pollutants discharged into aquatic environment have been detected with the advancement of analytical techniques. These chemicals can cause toxic effects on water habitats after discharged into aquatic environment. However, microorganisms have many key functions in pollution control. In this review, applications of microorganism in the degradation of chemicals in aquatic environments are reviewed. It was concluded that most applications of microorganisms degrading chemicals focused on aquaculture waters, whereas other aquatic systems (such as river, lake, sea, coastal waters) have been scarcely studied.

Objective To explore the relationship between chronic tonsillitis and allergic purpura.Methods Fifty-six allergic purpura children with chronic tonsillitis were selected,26 children were given tonsillectomy (operation group),and 30 children were not given tonsillectomy (no-operation group).The duration of abdominal pain,duration of erythra,proteinuria negative time,hematuria negative time,antistreptolycin O rite,complement C3 were compared between the 2 groups,and the 24 h urine protein quantitarion and urine red blood cell count in operation group were compared between preoperative and postoperative.Results The duration of erythra,duration of abdominal pain,proteinuria negative time,hematuria negative time in operation group were significantly better than those in no-operation group [(10.58 ±4.22) d vs.(16.70 ±9.68) d,(6.49 ±2.45) d vs.(9.20 ± 2.21) d,(12.3 ±4.1) d vs.(16.5 ± 5.6) d,(10.1 ± 3.3) d vs.(12.7 ± 4.9) d],there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01 or ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in antistreptolycin O tite and complement C3 between the 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).In operation group,the 24 h urine protein quantitation and urine red blood cell count postoperative were significantly better than preoperative [(0.72 ± 0.28) g vs.(1.61 ± 1.22) g,(14.95 ± 4.76) / μ l vs.(56.61 ± 12.57)/μ 1],there were statistical differences (P＜ 0.01).Conclusion Chronic tonsillitis is one of the important factors which can make allergic purpura erythra relapses and induce purpura nephritis,and tonsillectomy is the optional means of treatment of purpura nephritis with chronic tonsillitis and erythra relapses.

Objective To investigate the expressions of enhancer of zeste(EZH2) in carcinoma of esophagus and its potential significance. Methods The expression and distribution of EZH2 were determined on the esophageal squamous carcinoma,adenocarcinoma by using immunohistochemistry.We then detected EZH2 protein expression in the esophageal squamous carcinoma, paracarcinomatous and normal tissues by Western blotting.Results The immunohistochemical staining showed EZH2 protein was highly expressed in esophageal squamous carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tissues.The positive staining was observed in the nuclear region.Normal tissues and corresponding paracarcinomatous tissues were stained weakly.Western blotting analysis showed that the strongest positive signals were detected in the esophageal squamous carcinoma(P

The animal model for the study of B encephalitis was established by injecting Jin Wei Yan 1 strain of B encephalitis virus into the peritoneal cavity of mice. All the mice injected demonstrated the histological features of the disease. Special attention was paid to the ultrastructural changes of the granular cells, the Purkinje cells and the Golgi cells in the cerebellum, and the findings in these cells were compared with those of the nerve cells in the cerebral cortex, dience-phalon and tnesencephalonIt was found that endoplasrnic reticulum could appear in the nerves infected by B encephalitis virus. A radiating structure was-usually formed by the viral replication multivesicular bodies with microvesiculo-tubular body as its center. The morphological changes and the developmental sequence as well as the significance of this radiating structure were discussed.In the late stage of the infection, viral particles were found in the nuclei of a part of the necrotic cells. It was likely that the viral particles entered the nuclei by way of cytoplasm. Our observation confirmed the Chen Liming's hypothesis that viral particles can be formed in the perinuclear space. The way that the viral particles were evacuated from the infected nerve cells observed in this study was in agreement with that reported by Chen Liming, but most of the viral particles left the infected nerve cells through the axons.