Objective To explore the subjective global assessment (SGA) to evaluate the nutritional status of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD). Methods Patients with stable COPD (n=122) were included and divid?ed into three groups base on their SGA scores:SGA-A (n=21), SGA-B (n=57), SGA-C (n=44). Nutritional status of all pa?tients was assessed by SGA. Anthropometric measurement, biochemical test, pulmonary function test, COPD assessment test (CAT) and shuttle walking test (SWT) were studied between all three groups to search statistical significance and correlation with SGA. Results Body mass index(BMI), arm muscle circumference (AMC) and forced expiratory volume in the first sec?ond%of predicted (FEV1%Pred) were all lower in SGA-B and SGA-C than those in SGA-A(P<0.05),there were no statis?tical differences of these parameters between SGA-B and SGA-C. Triceps skin fold (TSF) was lower in SGA-C than that in SGA-B than that in SGA-A, while CAT score is the reverse order (P<0.05). The walking distance of incremental shuttle walking test (ISWI) and the endurance time of endurance shuttle walking test (ESWI) were lower in SGA-C than that in SGA-A (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences of forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/forced vital ca?pacity(FVC), biochemical parameters between all three groups. SGA scores correlated positively with CAT and negatively with anthropometric parameters, FEV1%Pred and SWT (P<0.05). However no correlations was deduced between SGA scores with FEV1/FVC and biochemical parameters. Conclusion SGA scores correlated with anthropometric parameters, FEV1%Pred, CAT and SWT. SGA is an effective method to assess the nutritional status in patients with stable COPD.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of Clotrimazole vaginal tablet in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis. METHODS:106 pregnant patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis were randomly divided into observation group (56 cases) and control group (50 cases). Observation group was given one tablet Clotrimazole vaginal tablet,washed the genital area before treatment to keep clean and one Clotrimazole vaginal tablet was sent to intravaginal 5-6 cm,once every 2 day. Control group was given Lactobacillus vaginal capsule,once a day,washed the genital area before treatment and one Lactobacillus vaginal capsule was sent to intravaginal 5-6 cm. The treatment course for both groups was 8 d. No sexual activities during treatment and no other drugs. Clinical efficacy,clearance rate of candidiasis,pregnancy and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The total effective rate and clearance rate of candidiasis in observation group were significantly higher than control group,carrier rate was significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there were no significant differences in the pregnancy and incidence of adverse reactions between 2 groups (P>0.05). CONCLU-SIONS:Clotrimazole vaginal tablet shows significant efficacy in the treatment of pregnancy with vulvovaginal candidiasis and can clear candidiasis,with good safety.

Objective Toanalyze and evaluate the value ofthe method ofmedical simulation technique combined with PBL pattern in the training before clinical practice. Methods 80 students were divided into two groups:the experimental group and the control group. The PBL method was used in the experimental group,while the control group was taught by traditional method. Results The students in experimental group had a significant higher score than those in control group. Conclu-sion It means that the method of medical simulation combined with PBL teaching is an effective leaning method and should be widely used in the training before clinical practice.

With the fast development of biopharmacy,transgenic chicken oviduct bioreactor is going to be the focus of people’s attention.For its excellent advantages,transgenic chicken will be one of rising industries in the field of biopharmacy and hot spot of scientific study.Now,the most successful method for producing transgenic chicken is mediated by retrovirus transferring gene into it, and transgenic chicken have been produced by this method.The advantages and methods of producing transgenic chicken by retrovirus,and the progress in transgenic chicken research were summarized.The significance and existent problems of transgenic chicken are also discussed.

Aim To observe the protective effects and explore the possible mechanism of lycopene on hepatic injury induced by the combining use of isoniazid(INH) and rifampicin(RFP) in rats.Methods Chronic hepatic injury model was induced by INH and RFP.Low dosage,middle dosage and high dosage of lycopene(10,20,30 mg?kg-1 body weight) were given to protect liver injury.The serum level of AST and ALT,liver index,contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathion(GSH) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) in liver were measured.Hepatic pathological changes were also observed after giving lycopene.Results Lycopene could reduce the liver index,the serum level of AST and ALT and the content of MDA,raise the liver GSH content and promote the activities of SOD in liver tissue in rats.Degeneration and necrosis of liver tissues were relieved.Conclusion Lycopene has protective effects on the hepatotoxicity in rats induced by the combination of INH and RFP for a long time,and the mechanisms is related to of antioxidation action of lycopene possibly.

Objective To understand the microbiological pollution of drinking water dispensers and find out the effective disinfection method for dispensers. Methods The counts of bacteria, fungi and yeast in water samples collected from the water stored in liners of 52 drinking water dispensers were determined. The total counts of bacteria in water samples of 8 water dispensers were determined before and after disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min. Results The medians and over standard rates were 440 cfu/ml and 96.15% for the total count of bacteria, 0 and 30.77% for fungi and yeast in the water samples before disinfection respectively. After 2_min disinfection by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant, 5 of 8 drinking water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 100% and other 3 water dispensers showed bactericidal rates of 99.56%, 99.77% and 99.78% respectively. Bacillus was found in some unkilled bacteria. Conclusion Microbiological pollution in water stored in liners of drinking water dispensers was high, which could be effectively eliminated and disinfected by 1/10 YOUJIE disinfectant for 2 min.

Objective To study the influence of seawater immersion on hemostatic function after burn in dogs. Methods Twenty healthy adult mongrel dogs of beth sexes weighing 12-15 kg were randomly divided into two groups: immersion group(n=10) and control group(n=10). The animals were anesthestized with 3% pentobarbital 30 mg?kg~(-1) i.v., intubated and mechanically ventilated. 5F Swan-Ganz catheter was placed via right internal jugular vein. 10% of the skin on the back was burnt(second degree). In immersion group the animals were immersed in seawater containing salt 25.3 g?L~(-1)(pH8.1, T21-23℃) with head and neck kept above water for 4h. In control group the animals suffered second degree burn of same area without being immersed in seawater. Blood samples were taken from Swan-Ganz catheter before burn(baseline)and 4,7,10,20,28 h after burn for determination of(1) circulating endothelial cell(CEC) count, (2)tissue-type plasminogen activator(t-PA), (3) plasminogen activator inhibitor(PAI) and (4) thromboxane B_2/6-keto-prostaglandin F_(1?)(TXB_2/6-k-PGF_(1?)). At the end of the experiment lung tissue was obtained for microscopic examination. Results The blood CEC count, PAI-1 level and TXB_2/6-k-PGF_(1?) ratio significantly increased while t-PA level significantly decreased at 4 h after burn in control group but at 4-28 h after burn in immersion group. The differences between the two groups were significant. Microscopic examination of the lung showed some thrombi in immersion group. Conclusion Burn causes acute damage to the endothelial cells of the whole body and disorder of hemostasis. They are more severe and last longer after seawater immersion.

Objective To analysis the changes of serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer and its clinical signifi‐cance .Methods 35 cases of serum adiponectin levels in breast cancer patients using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay ,and 35 healthy serum adiponectin level in peripheral blood of women ,analysis of significance of changes of serum adiponectin levels in breast cancer patients .Results Average serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer group(6 .13 ± 1 .55)μg/mL ,health group average serum adiponectin levels (8 .72 ± 1 .86)μg/mL ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05) .Postmenopausal women in breast cancer group and health group compared with premenopausal women ,the serum adiponectin levels were signifi‐cantly increased ,there was a statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Lymph node metastasis of breast cancer serum adiponec‐tin levels were significantly lower in patients without lymph node metastasis in patients with breast cancer ,the difference was statis‐tically significant(P<0 .05) .Serum adiponectin level in breast cancer patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ were significantly lower than breast cancer patients with stage Ⅰ ,there was a statistically significant difference(P<0 .05) .Conclusion Serum adiponectin levels as an important marker in the diagnosis of breast cancer ,serum adiponectin level and grade of the tumor ,lymph node metastases . Significantly reduced serum adiponectin level in patients with breast cancer ,and not under the influence of patients with menopause .

Administration, Inhalation ; Animals ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; drug effects ; Female ; Formaldehyde ; toxicity ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Male ; Mice

ObjectiveTo cultivate high-qualified talents with innovation and comprehensive clinical skills under the guidance of Chinese standard of undergraduate medical education.Methods Courses of clinical thinking and misdiagnosis,medical record writing,communication between patients and doctors were provided.Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) with standard patients (SP) was employed.Results Satisfactory scores were obtained among relevant tests,the passing rates of specialist qualification examination and practicing doctors clinical skills test were increased from 44.61％ and 59.18％ to 66.66％ and 95.45％.ConclusionThe implementation of correlative courses and OSCE can comprehensively promote the medical students' clinical competency and pave the way for their future work and practicing doctors' qualification exam.