The international Non-governmental Organizations ( NGOs) have been playing an important role in the field of global health, which also represents a channel for countries' international experience. This research fo-cuses on the role of NGOs in global health, their governance tools, global health program management experience, and current status of development for Chinese NGOs. In light of international experiences, we suggest the Chinese government to support a few top NGOs to engage intensely in global health, build management and cooperation mechanism with NGO which will be considered as important complemertary role. The Chinese government shonld implement “major support and comprehensive improvement” strategy.

ObjectiveTo discuss the feasibility and effect of clinical application of the single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.MethodsPatients who needed retention enema and non-retention enema(80 cases) were divided into 2 groups with 40 cases in each group.The test group was given enema by single-bag and double-chamber anus tube.The control group was given enema by traditional rubber anus tube.The reaction and clinical effect were compared between the two groups.ResultsIn the test group,pain and malaise lessened,intestinal cleaning was good,enema liquid reservation prolonged,the satisfaction degree of patients improved,compared with that of the control group (P<0.01).ConclusionsClinical application of self-made single-bag and double-chamber anus tube can give lesser pain and better effect of patients,and it improved satisfaction degree of patients and efficiency of nursing work greatly.

Objective To seek the best method for security precaution of elderly inpatients.Methods Elderly patients(296 cases) from January to August in 2006 and elderly patients(336 cases) from January to August in 2007 were divided into the control group and the improved group.The improved group received selective safety precaution measures after assessment of crisis degree by nurse security scale.The control group was given routine security nursing measures.The hospitalization time and incidence of unsafe events were compared in the two groups. Results The two groups were different in the following aspects:hospitalization time, incidence of unsafe events,satisfaction degree of family members,shift time of nurses,satisfaction degree of nurses. Conclusions To supply selective security nursing for elderly patients after assessment of crisis degree by nurse security scale at the admission day could decrease the incidence of un-safe events and hospitalization time.At the same time it shortened the shift time and increased shift efficien-cy to realize the win-win relations between nurses and patients.

Objective To discuss the application effect of new physical therapy technique in the rehabilitation of patients with hand injury afte operation. Methods Patients with hand injury after operation (150 cases) were divided into the observation group (87 cases) and the control group (63 cases) randomly. The control group received routine treatment and nursing. The observation group was given irradiation by He-Ne laser therapeutic instrument, vinegar therapy and static electromagnetic field therapy. The rehabilitative effect after operation was compared between the two groups. Results The time for disappearance of pain and swelling in the obsevation group was shorter than that of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions Application of new physical therapy technique in patients with hand injury afte operation could shorten time of rehabilitation and improve rehabilitative quality.

Animals ; Hedgehog Proteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Diseases ; metabolism ; pathology ; Signal Transduction

Objective To explore the effects of dialectical nursing on recurrent oral ulcers in children. Methods One hundred and eighty-eight cases of children with recurrent oral ulcer hospitalized from March 2013 to June 2015 were randomized into study group and control group using random digit table with 94 cases in each group. The control group was intervened with the modern medical care pattern and the study group was with dialectical nursing care of Chinese medicine besides the modern medical care pattern. The two groups were compared in terms of the curative effect, time for ulcer healing, pains and level of the children′s and parents′satisfaction. Results The curative effect in the study group was significantly better than that of the control group (P<0.01). The time of the study group was shorter than that of the control one (P<0.001). The level of pains was lower but the degree of satisfaction was higher than that in the control group (all P<0.01). Conclusions The dialectical nursing care combined with modern medical care pattern is effective in treating recurrent oral ulcers in children. It can shorten the healing time and enhance the satisfaction. It can have high value of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To explore the relationship between hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotype and outcome of HBV infection. Methods PCR amplification of HBV small S gene in combination with a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis was applied to identify HBV genotype in the serum samples of 80 asymptomatic HBV carriers (AsC group) and 120 liver cirrhosis patients with HBV infection (LC group) in Gangdong province of China. Results The frequency of HBV genotypes B, C and D in AsC group was 45% (37/80), 33.75%(26/80) and 21.25%(17/80)respectively, and that of HBV genotypes B, C and D in LC group was 32.5%(39/120), 65.8%(79/120) and 1.6%(2/120) respectively. There is no HBV genotypes A, E and F in this series. The distribution of HBV genotypes in the two groups was not significant correlation with the state of HBeAg. There was a significant difference in the distribution of HBV genotypes between the two groups (P

Objective To investigate the expression of mRNAs for cholesterol side chain cleavage enzyme (p450 scc), 17?-hydroxylase / C17-20 lyase (P450 C17) and 3?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3?-HSD) in frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and midbrain of morphine dependence rats.Methods Twenty-one male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups with 7 animals in each group: (1) control group (group C) ; (2) morphine dependence group (group D) and (3) morphine withdrawal group (group W). In group D and W the animals were given intraperitoneally increasing doses of morphine starting from 5 mg?kg-1 to 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg?kg-1 twice a day for 7 days. In group C the animals were given normal saline instead of morphine. In group C and D the animals were decapitated 1 h after last injection. In group W naloxone 2 mg?kg-1 was given 1h after last morphine injection, then the animals were decapitated 30 min after withdrawal symptoms were observed. The brains were immediately removed and the frontal cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, striatum and midbrain were separated. The expression of mRNAs for the three steroidogenic enzymes in the different brain regions of rats were determined by RT-PCR.Results The expression of P450scc mRNA in striatum and 3?-HSD mRNA in amygdala, striatum and frontal cortex decreased in group D compared with group C. The expression of 3?-HSD mRNA increased in morphine withdrawal group compared with group D.Conclusion The gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes decreases in some brain regions of morphine dependence rats, suggesting that endogenous neurosteroids might be involved in morphine dependence.

Objective To study the effects of transforming growth factor ?1 (TGF ?1) and transforming growth factor ? (TGF ?) on the growth and invasive potentials in human bladder tumor cells. Methods The effects of TGF ?1 and TGF ? on the growth of EJ cell line and the effects on MMPs and TIMP 2 were studied by means of MTT,Western Blot and RT PCR methods. Results (1)TGF ?1 and TGF ? tended to inhibit the growth of EJ cells but statistically nonsigficant.(2)Higher levles of MMP 9 mRNA but lower levels of MMP 2,TIMP 2,MT1 MMP mRNA were found in EJ cells following the treatment with TGF ?1.The same was true for the expression of MMP 2,TIMP 2 mRNA in TGF ? groups.However,MMP 9 mRNA was not found in both TGF ? groups and the control groups. (3)TGF ?1 ( 0.1 , 1.0 ng/ml) enhanced MMP 2 protein but not the TIMP 2 protein,while TGF ?1 ( 5.0 , 10.0 ng/ml)decreased TIMP 2 protein but not on MMP 2.In TGF ? groups,when the concentration was 1.0 , 5.0 , 10.0 ng/ml,TIMP 2 protein expression was decreased but MMP 2 did not.When the concentration reached 100.0 ng/ml,it increased MMP 2 protein level,not the TIMP 2 protein. Conclusions TGF ?1 and TGF? do not inhibit the proliferation of EJ cells whereas the enhanced invasiveness and metastasis may be associated with regulating the expression of MMPs and TIMP 2.

Objective To evaluate the acromion morphology of scapular roentgenography in the diagnosis of subacromial impingement syndrome. Methods Sixty four patients 75 shoulders with chief complaint of shoulder pain were examined roentgenographically by true scapular A-P and lateral views. The Neer impingement sign of all these patients were positive. Results In this series, there were 10 shoulders of type Ⅰ acromion, 13.3%; typeⅡ 17 shoulders, 22.7%; type Ⅲ 48 shoulders, 64.0%. Fifty nine cases 69 shoulders accepted Lidocaine test. The positive rate was: type Ⅰ, 4 shoulders, 44.4%; type Ⅱ, 8 shoulders, 53.3%; type Ⅲ, 38 shoulders, 84.4%. Among these three groups, the result of Chi test for Lidocaine tests: P0.05 (typeⅠ to type Ⅱ). Conclusion True scapular X ray film is a useful and effective diagnostic method for subacromial impingement syndrome. The incidence of subacromial impingement syndrome of the patients with type Ⅲ acromion is significantly higher than the other two types.