Vitreous floaters is a common complaint in the ophthalmic care setting,and it is commonly caused by vitreous liquefaction and posterior vitreous detachment (PVD).Because vitreous floaters is considered to be a benign procedure,ophthalmologists have little to offer regarding treatment options.Although almost all patients accept the conservative management option,there are some patients with a significant visual disturbance who may desire a more aggressive treatment intervention for resolution of their visual symptoms.Vitrectomy has been used as a treatment option for patients with symptomatic vitreous floaters abroad.The risks and benefits for these treatment options are not fully covered.Therefore,safety of vitrectomy for floaters is being concerned.This article reviews the researching progression in the treatment options for symptomatic patients with vitreous floaters.

Objective To investigate the clinical and pathological prognostic factors in patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vater treated by pancreatoduodenectomy.Methods The clinical and pathological factors of patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vater who were operated from February 1994 to February 2009 at the Urumqi General Hospital of Lanzhou Military Region were retrospectively analyzed.The survival curves of these patients were also analyzed.Results The post-operative 1-,3-,5-year survival rates were 90％,63％,55％ respectively.The diameter of the majority of tumor (58.3％) was less than 2.0 cm.Of all the patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vater,48.7％ were in T1 stage,41.7％ had high grade differentiation,73.0％ had no lymphatic metastasis.Univariate analysis showed that gender,age,tumor diameter,biopsy or not,the type of operation,the value of pre-operative serum bilirubin and the value of serum CA19-9 were not related to survival.The gross type of tumor (P =0.018),histological type (P =0.000),grade of differentiation (P =0.003),depth of infiltration (P =0.003),lymphatic metastasis (P =0.014) and TNM stage (P =0.031) were significant impact factors of survival.Multivariate analysis showed histological type and depth of infiltration were independent prognostic factors of surviva1 (P =0.002,P =0.005).Conclusion Grossly ulcerated carcinoma,mucinous adenocarcinoma on histology,low degree of differentiation,T2/T3 stage,lymphatic metastasis and clinical stage of Ⅱb were all significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with carcinoma of ampulla of Vater treated by pancreatoduodenectomy.Histological type and the depth of infiltration were the most important risk factors of survival.

With the improvement of clinical and scientific research level of pediatric retinal diseases in China,teaching in pediatric retinal diseases for medical students and residents has become increasingly important.Because infants cannot cooperate in ophthalmic examinations,this part becomes a difficult point in clinical teaching and practice.By using the RetCam,a wide-field retinal imaging system,infant's retinal images can display in real time on screen and images and videos can be recorded and reviewed after examination finished.By setting up teaching target reasonably,arranging teaching contents scientifically,and using teaching method properly,we applied multimedia-assisted instruction in teaching pediatric retinal diseases based on RetCam and enhanced teaching effect.

Objective: To observe the effect of heat-sensitive moxibustion plus psychological intervention on serum contents of substance P (SP) and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), as well as the quality of life (QOL) in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Methods: A total of 120 IBS patients were divided into three groups by random sampling method, 40 cases in each group. The heat-sensitive moxibustion group received heat-sensitive moxibustion, the psychological intervention group received psychological intervention, while the observation group received both methods. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated after 3 courses of treatment. Results: After treatment, the therapeutic efficacy of the observation group was better than that of the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the psychological intervention group (P<0.01), and the heat-sensitive moxibsution group was better than the psychological intervention group (P<0.05). In comparing the bowel symptom scale (BSS), the observation group was better than the other two groups (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the psychological intervention group (P<0.05). In the comparison of QOL, the observation group was significantly superior to the other two groups (P<0.05), and there was a significant difference between the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and psychological intervention group (P<0.05). In comparing serum SP and 5-HT, the observation group was markedly better than the other two groups (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and psychological intervention group (P<0.05). The self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS) were used to estimate the mental state of the three groups, revealing that the observation group was better than the heat-sensitive moxibustion group and the psychological intervention group (P<0.05), and there were significant differences between the latter two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: Heat-sensitive moxibustion plus psychological intervention can regulate the levels of SP and 5-HT, improve BSS, SDS, SAS and QOL in treating IBS.

Breast Neoplasms ; therapy ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Yin Deficiency

Humans ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human ; genetics

Objective To investigate the changs of serum and urine vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome(SSNS) at their active and remission stage.Methods Serum and morning urine levels of VEGF were assayed by Liquichip in 30 patients with SSNS at the active and remission stage and 30 normal age-and sex-matched controls.Results Serum levels of VEGF in patients at the active stage [(186.62?106.21) ng/L] were significantly higher those that at the remission stage [(118.75?73.08) ng/L] and than those in control group [(108.64?54.75) ng/L](P0.05).Morning urine levels of VEGF in patients at the active stage [(201.66?100.46) ng/L] were significantly higher than those at the remission stage [(116.35?55.99) ng/L] and than those in control group [(99.94?42.07) ng/L](P0.05).Conclusions Serum and morning urine levels of VEGF are significantly elevated in patients with SSNS,however they are significantly lower after the treatment of steroid.There is no obvious difference between the patients at the remission stage and healthy controls.VEGF involves pathogenetically and physiologically in SSNS during its onset and growth.

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Female ; Humans ; Metals, Heavy ; analysis ; pharmacology ; Placenta ; chemistry ; drug effects ; physiology ; Pregnancy ; Rats

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Musculoskeletal Manipulations ; Periarthritis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Tendons ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVE: To prepare recombinant peptide(rAHP, amino acid sequence is VLPVPR) PLGA sustained release microspheres by double emulsion solvent evaporation method. METHODS: The rAHP-PLGA microspheres preparation process was optimized by orthogonal experiments using PLGA copolymers with different LA/GA ratios or different molecular weights as sustained material, and in vitro drug release profiles of the microspheres were also investigated. RESULTS: The microspheres were smaller (P < 0.05) and more porous with lower molecular weight of PLGA. The optimal preparation process of rAHP-PLGA microspheres was as follows; PLGA concentration was 12 g · 100 mL-1, the stirring rate of the first emulsion was 1000 r · min-1, the volume ratio of inner water phase to oil phase was 1-7.5, and the PVA concentration was 4 g · 100 mL-1. The encapsulation efficiency of the rAHP-PLGA microspheres prepared by the optimum process was more than 90%, the drug loading was above 11% and the average particle diameter-was in the range of 70-90 μn. The cumulative in vitro release percentage in PBS buffer was less than 40% within 2 h, the release speed increased(P < 0.05) with lower molecular weight or lower ratio of LA/GA. The drug release curve was fit to Higuchi equation, suggesting that rAHP released from the microspheres based on diffusion mechanism. CONCLUSION: The rAHP-PLGA microspheres can be prepared easily with good morphology, high entrapment efficiency and certain sustained release capacity.