Objective To discuss causes, characteristics and clinical treartment measures for negative fluid balance and systemic edema in patients with traumatic hemorrhagic shock. Methods A retrospective chart study was done on 205 cases with systemic edema posterior to traumatic hemorrhagic shock admitted to ICU between May 1994 and August 2002. Results All cases showed systemic edema at various degrees. The survived 173 cases demonstrated spontaneous diuresis and negative fluid balance at different time in the first week but the died 32 ones not. The negative fluid balance and the spontaneous diuresis were not more severe than that in the control group under conditions of age (≥60 years old), injury severity score (ISS ≥16), acute physiological and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) Ⅱ≥12 and Cr≥2.0 g/L ( P

This article is to discuss the ethical principles in the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases:①moral responsibility must be strong enough when examinating,diagnosing and curing;②skills should be mastered and improved;③characteristic of senile patients should be attached to.④right oral health education is obligatory.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clincal status and countermeasures for intensive care unit (ICU) hospital deep fungal infections.Methods108 cases of ICU hospital deep fungal infections patients were divided into comprehensive treatment group and converntional treatment group,54 cases in each group.The morbidity and treatment effects were observed.ResultsThe cure rate of observation group was 96.3％,significantly higher than 79.6％in control group.The observation group complication rate was 9.2％,significantly lower than the control group 20.4％,the difference was significant (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionIn the ICU nosocomial fungal infection treatment,the scientific and effective means of comprehensive prevention and control best practices,could significantly improve patient outcomes,improve treatment,reduce hospital stay and reduce complications.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 56 kinds of pesticide residues in Radix Ophiopogonis by using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS /MS), and apply it to screening of 137 batches of samples. METHODS: The forbidden, restricted and frequently-used pesticides were selected as the detecting indexes. The samples were prepared by QuEChERS, and quantitative analysis was carried out by GC-MS /MS in multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. There were three supplemental levels for detection recoveries and RSD. RESULTS: All the 56 pesticides had good linearity in certain ranges with correlation coefficients(r) higher than 0.997 8. The recoveries of 96.4% pesticides ranged from 60% to 130% at three supplemental levels (1, 2 and 10 LODs), with the RSDs of 92.9% pesticides less than 15%. The LODs for most of the selected pesticides were below 0.01 mg•kg-1. Twelve pesticides were detected in 137 batches of samples. CONCLUSION: The detecting indexes are meaningful and the developed method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reliable for screening multiple pesticide residues in Radix Ophiopogonis. The test result has certain reference value for the cultivation and distribution supervision of Radix Ophiopogonis.

Objective: To investigate the psychological stress among nurses in the Department of Emergency, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, so as to provide the evidence for formulating targeted psychological health interventions. Methods: All nurses from Department of Emergency, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital were enrolled, and participants' demographics, professional title, working duration, family support and participation in public health emergency responses were collected using questionnaire surveys. The development of psychological stress during the latest one week was evaluated using the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) scale, and factors affecting psychological stress were identified. Results: A total of 121 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the participants included 6 men (4.96%) and 115 women (95.04%) and had a mean age of (41.49±4.61) years; and mean service length of (12.14±2.61) years. There were 83 participants that were married (68.60%), 71 with a bachelor degree (58.68%), 60 with a medium-grade professional title (49.59%). The mean score of psychological stress symptoms was 213.43±18.58, which was significantly higher than national norm (124.57±14.31; t=12.194, P<0.001). The detection of psychological stress was 31.40% among the participants, and the presence of psychological stress correlated with age of 40 years and older (χ2=4.826, P=0.028), no family support (χ2=40.420, P<0.001), and no participation in public health emergency responses (χ2=33.767, P<0.001). Conclusions A high degree of psychological stress is detected among nurses in Department of Emergency of Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, and age, family support and emergency response capability are factors affecting psychological stress.

Objective To assay the level of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and healthy controls and compare the difference between SLE group and control group, and to analyze between the level of NETs and related laboratory parameters. Methods Forty-four females patients with SLE were recruited as research subjects, with 24 cases in the active stage and 20 in stable stage. Forty-two healthy female volunteers matched in age were enrolled as control subjects. The fluorescence intensity of NETs in neutrophils was detected by fluorospectrophotometry. The concentration of neutrophil elastase in plasma was quantitatively detected. Statistical analysis of the difference of level of NETs between the SLE group and control group was conducted. Then the correlation between the fluorescence intensity of NETs and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP), and anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and anti-histone, and anti-nucleosome, and systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI) was analyzed respectively. The same tests were conducted for the level of NE. The results of the two groups were compared using analysis of variance and the relevance was analyzed using Spearman correlation analysis. NETs morphosis was observated by immunoflurescence method, and the difference of NETs between SLE group and control group was analyzed. Results ① The fluorescence intensity of NETs was significantly increased in SLE group(241±139) than that in the control group (173±135), (t=2.31, P<0.05).②The concentration of NE in the SLE group (102±47) was significantly higher than that in the control group (62±22), t= 4.38, P<0.01. No difference of NETs [(274±168) vs (211±102), t=1.52, P>0.05] and NE concentration [(104±43) vs (96±48), t=0.50, P>0.05] between SLE active stage and stable stage was detected. ③ The fluorescence intensity of NETs in SLE patients was positively correlated with SLEDAI, but had no obvious correlation with anti-dsDNA, anti-histone, anti-nucleosome, CRP or ESR, respectively. ④Images under confocal microscope showed that more NETs generated by PMN from SLE patients than that from controls. Conclusion The generation of NETs is enhanced in female patients with SLE. And NETs may relate to disease activity. However, NETs may not induce the production of autoantibodies.

Objective To quantitatively analyze the fetal lung echo and right lung volume in the third trimester by real-time three-dimensional ultrasound (3-D US) and evaluate the feasibility of fetal lung maturity. Methods A total of 732 women with normal singleton pregnancies between 28 and 42 weeks of gestation underwent ultrasound examination. The 3-D US equipment with a 3.5-5MHz transabdominal transducer was used for the fetal biometric measurement. The echogenicity ratio between fetal lung and liver was compared. The fetal lung volume was calculated by the rotational multiplanar technique for volume measurement (VOCAL). Results The right fetal lung volume increased with the increase of gestational age with a linear positive correlation (r=0.884, P<0.01). After 34 weeks, the echogenicity ratio of fetal lung to liver was more than 1.1. Conclusion The echogenicity of lung/liver and fetal lung volume could be used as normal fetal predictable indicators for fetal lung maturity.

Objective To study the correlation of blood drug concentration determination of sodium valproate in children with epilepsy by using enzyme-multiplied immunoassay test (EMIT) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), so as to provide basis of selection in clinical determination of sodium valproate ( VPA) .Methods 200 blood samples of epileptic children taking sodium valproate were collected, blood concentration were determined by EMIT and HPLC method, and the correlation was analyzed.Results The following regression equation was obtained by determination results of HPLC (X) and EMIT (Y): Y=1063.517X-331.351(r=0.933), which had significant correlation (P<0.05).The plasma concentration of VPA determined by EMIT was higher than that by HPLC.Conclusion The determination results of VPA concentration in epileptic children by using EMIT and HPLC has significant correlation, and it should choose the suitable method to determine the blood drug concentration of VPA based on the actual situation.

Objective To identify whether cisplatin can induce autophagy of bladder cancer T24 cells and the possible mechanism, and to observe the relationship between outophagy and apoptosis.Methods MTT assay was applied to investigate the effects of various concentration of cisplatin( 0 , 10 , 20 and 40 μg/mL) on T24 survival.TEM was performed to detect the autophagosome formation .Western blot assay was used to analyze the expression changes of LC3-Ⅱ, P62 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase ( ERK1/2 ) and p-ERK at the protein level.The effects of autophagy on the survival and apoptosis of bladder cancer cells were investiga-ted.Results DDP observably inhibited proliferation of bladder cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner ( P<0.05), the 50% inhibiting concentration(IC50) was (30.3 ±2.4)μg/mL;DDP induced autophagy of bladder cancer cells, observably increased autophagosome induced by DDP; up-regulated expression levels of LC3-Ⅱproteins ( P<0.05 ) , down-regulated expression of P62 proteins ( P<0.05 );DDP increased the protein level of p-ERK (P<0.05); The inhibitor of ERK pathway U0126 inhibited DDP-induced autophagy, as evidenced by decrease in the expression of LC3-Ⅱproteins ( P<0.05 ) .After inhibition of autophagy by WTM in DDP-treated cells, cell viability was obviously decreased and apoptosis was increased (P<0.05);DDP combined with WTM observably enhanced cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase 1 ( PARP-1 ) and cleaved-caspase-3 which is apop-tosis related proteins ( P<0.05 ) .Conclusions Autophagy can protect T24 cells against ciplatin-induced apop-tosis, the possible mechanism of autophagy is the ERK signaling pathway is activated .

Objective To investigate the protective effect of matrine on lung injury associated with single lung ventilation during thorac-ic surgery,and to explore and consummate the prevention and control measures of single lung ventilation related lung injury.Methods To-tally 97 cases of non small cell lung cancer patients were randomly divided into the observation group ( 50 cases ) and the control group (47 cases) .The two groups of patients were given the same way of anesthesia.Patients of the observation group received intravenous drip of 2 mL matrine injection which were dissolved in 100 mL saline solution 30 min before anesthesia, while patients of the control group were merely given 100 mL saline solution 30 min before anesthesia.The pulmonary shunt fraction( Qs/Qt) ,xanthine oxidase( XOD) ,myeloperoxi-dase(MPO),superoxide dismutase(SOD) and nitric oxide(NO) of the following points in time were compared:before anesthesia induction (T0),the instant of OLV (T1),60 minutes after OLV(T2),120 minutes after OLV(T3),after lung inflation (T4),and 24 hours after opera-tion ( T5) .Results At the time of T1 to T4,pulmonary shunt fraction of the two groups were both significantly higher than that at T0 with sig-nificant difference ( P<0.05) ,but there was no statistical difference in terms of intra-group comparison at different time points ( P>0.05) .The PMN counts of the two groups at the time of T2 to T5 were significantly higher than that of T0 with significant difference (P<0.05),and the PMN counts at the time of T2 to T5 in the control group were significantly higher than that in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of serum XOD,MPO,and SOD at T2 to T4 in both of the two groups were significantly higher than that at T0 with signif-icant difference (P<0.05),and the serum levels of XOD,MPO and SOD at T2 to T4 in the control group were significantly higher than those in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).The levels of serum NO at T2 to T4 in both of the two groups were significantly higher than that at T0 with significant difference (P<0.05),and it was significantly lower than that in the observation group with significant difference (P<0.05).Conclusion The matrine pretreatment of lung injury in the patients with single lung ventilation has a protective effect, which can reduce the levels of oxidative stress and promote the NO release in patients by reducing PMN,XOD and MPO levels.