The prevalence and adjusted rate of Mental Retardation(M. R.) were 2.70% and 2.68% in the Qin-Ba Mountain Area in South-Shaanxi; 2.78% and 2.80% in childhood respectivety. These rates were all higher than overall rates in Shaanxi and in It is obvious that the prevalence of M. R. could be reduced by the social-environmental factors such as natural geographic situation, social development level, mean income per capita, mother's schooling, the family relationship with stepmother/stepfather, etc. Reducing prevalence rate of M. R., we need to take the multiple measures and services. It may help the reduction of M. R. prevalence and it is very important to continuously supply iodine salt in these area.

Ohjective To study the indications,clinical effect and complications of hysterectomy so as to im- prove therapeutic effect.Methods The clinical data involving 320 cases of hysterectomy in this hospital from 2000 to 2006 were reviewed,and the pathogenesis,operation mode,curative effect and post-operation complications were analysed.Results Patients who received hysterectomy due to benign gynecologic diseases were cured well cliniclly; those who received hysterectomy due to malignant gynecologic diseases or diseases with the tendency of malignant change were cured well in early stage but the effect was not so satisfactory in later stage.The operation mode was de- cided by considering the pathogenesis and individual difference.Conclusion For benign gynecologic diseases,hys- terectomy can be conducted with good effect after conservative treatment becomes ineffective.For malignant gyneco logic diseases,early treatment will bring good resuh,while late treatment will generate not so satisfactory effect.Indi- cations for operation should be controlled strictly for hysterectomy to guard against complications.

Adult ; Brugada Syndrome ; complications ; physiopathology ; Bundle-Branch Block ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Male

Objective To study the effect of chitosan on the growth of the in vitro cultured retinal nerve cells. Methods The retinal nerve cells of SD baby rats were cultured in vitro. The effects of chitosan at 0.065%,1.25%,2.5%,5%,10%,15% on the growth of the retinal nerve cells were measured by MTT method. The blank control group was created. Results 1.25%,2.5%,5%,and 10% chitosan could obviously promote the growth of retinal nerve cells,and 10% chitosan was the optimal concentration for the growth of nerve cells. Conclusion Chitosan can effectively promote the growth of retinal nerve cells,and it is necessary to undertake the further study of Chitosan.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence of aspirin resistance in old-aged patients with cerebral infarction and to analyze the mechanisms and clinical predictors of aspirin resistance. Methods 300 old-aged patients with cerebra] infarction were selected and the platelet aggregation ratio was determined by nephelometry with CHRONO-LOG PA-meter. And some information of these patients, such as age, sex, smoking, taking non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug (NSAD)or proton pump inhibitor (PPI), obesity, coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral vascular disease, hyperpiesia, diabetes and hyperlipemia were recorded. Results 112 cases (37.33%) were aspirin sensitiveness, 108 cases(36.0%) were aspirin semi-resistance and 80 cases (26.67%) were aspirin resistance. These cases were divided into two groups. One was aspirin sensitive (AS) group, which included 112 patients of aspirin sensitiveness. The other was aspirin resistant (AR) group, which consisted of 188 patients of aspirin semi-resistance and aspirin resistance. The prevalence of CAD, hypercho]esteremia and RBC count in AR group was higher than that in AS group The percentage of patients who took NSAD, PPI and smoke in AR group was also higher than that in AS group. Conclusion Aspirin resistance existed in old-aged patients with cerebral infarction to great extent, and which was correlated with CAD, hypercholesteremia, smoking, RBC count, taking NSAD and PPI.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of gastric hyperplastic polyp pits under magnifying endoscopy. Methods Summary confirmed by magnifying endoscopy and pathological examination gastric hyperplastic po]yp's performance of magnifying endoscopy,Hp positive and the results of pathology during February 2004 to De-cember 2006. Results 55 patients found 116 gastric polyp,41.4% (48/116) with type A,26.7% (31/116) with type B,19. 8% (23/116) with type C,8. 6% (10/116) with type D,2. 6% (3/116) with type E,one case gastric pits blurred(type F) 0. 9% (1/116). 4 cases with type E and type F found moderate-severe atypical hyperplasia. Conclu-sion Gastric hyperplastic polyp pits with type E and type F ,their results of pathology to display atypical hyperplasia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT) of herbal medicines in European Union(EU) und-er The Directive 2004/24/EC and to provide thoughts for the export of traditional Chinese medicines(TCM).METHODS: TheTBT set by European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) was discussed from aspects of the simplification of restrictions on application, technical standard specifications and authentication system, and documents for registration etc, and some suggestions for the export of TCM were put forward. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Firstly, Chinese government should strengthen the communication and cooperation with European governments. Secondly, more advanced TCM quality specification should be set up. Thirdly we need to seek for support through multinational investment. Finally we should set up some information consultancy agents and to get access to information related to TBT.

Objective To investigate the ontogeny of the islet amyloid polypeptide(IAPP)and explore the relationship IAPP and other classical hormones in human fetal colon and rectum. Methods The localization of IAPP immunoreactive(IR) cells and 5 hydroxytryptamine(5 HT) IR cells in 31 human fetal colon and rectum from 9\|27 weeks of gestation was investigated with immunohistochemical SABC method. Results At 9 weeks of fetal age,a lot of 5 HT IR cells were found in the colon,but IAPP IR cells appeared at 18 weeks.In the rectum,both 5 HT and IAPP IR cells were present at 11 weeks,the number of 5 HT IR cells ascended gradually with fetus aged,reached a peak at 20 weeks and dropped gradually after 21 weeks,while in the whole fetus period,IAPP IR cells appeared fewer and scattered.The co localization of IAPP and 5 HT in some cells of colon and rectum was proved as compared with adjacent sections.Immunohistochemical double staining procedures on the same tissue section also showed that IAPP co existed with 5 HT in some cells.Conclusion\ During the human fetus,IAPP were synthesized and co existed with 5 HT in endocrine cells of the colon and rectum.The possible function on the co existence of IAPP and 5 HT in the colon and rectum of fetal was discussed. [

AIM: To investigate whether potassium cyanate can inactivate glyceraldehydes 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and thioltransferase (TTase) in bovine lens.METHODS: Fresh intact bovine lenses were incubated with 100mmol/L potassium cyanate (KCNO) for 7 and 12 days respectively. Then all lens were incubated in 50mmol/L DMEM solution. The proteins in the watersoluble fractions from the normal control and the cyanate-modified lens were extracted. The activity of GAPDH and TTase in the water-soluble fraction after incubation at 37℃ was measured by spectrophotometer.RESULTS: GAPDH activity was significantly lower in the cyanate-modified lens proteins than that of the normal control (P<0.01), and considerably diminished in protein incubated with 100mmol/L potassium cyanate for 12 days. There were statistically significant differences in the activity of TTase between the normal control lenses and the carbamylated lenses incubated for 7 days (P<0.05) and 12 days (P<0.01). However. there was no statistical difference between the samples incubated with 100mmol/L KCNO for 7 and 12 days (P=0.19296).CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence to show carbamylation is able to inactivate GAPDH and TTase in bovine lenses. This may have implications for the susceptibility of lenticular GAPDH and TTase to carbamylation, and also for the research on pathogenesis of cataract.

AIM: To investigate whether carnosine can inhibit cataract formation and protect Na+-K+ATPase against inactivation induced by a glucocorticoid.METHODS: Two hundred and twenty clear lenses cultured in vitro were randomly divided into five groups: control group (DMEM), steroid group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μmol/L),lower concentration carnosine-treated group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μ mol/L+Carnosine 2mmol/L), higher concentration carnosine-treated group (DMEM+Dexamethason 10μmol /L+Carnosine 5mmol/L) and carnosine group (DMEM + Carnosine 5mmol/L). Progression of cataract formation was evaluated daily using a dissecting microscope. On 1, 3, 5 and 7d, 10lenses of every group were homogenized and the activity of Na+-K+ATPase was measured by using spectrophotometer.RESULTS: During the incubation, mistlike opacity was observed in the lenses of the control group and carnosine group,but in the steroid group appeared dense nuclear opacity, while both two carnosine-treated groups came out visible demarcation between nuclear and cortical regions on 7d. A decrease in the activity of Na+-K+ATPase was found in the lens of the steroid group. On 3, 5, 7d, Na+-K+ATPase activity decreased 22.34% (P=0.002),47.98% (P＜0.001),75.37% (P＜0.001) compared with that at 1d, respectively. In the carnosine group,the activity of Na+-K+ATPase remained at the level of the control throughout the 7-d incubation, indicating that carnosine itself did not interfere with the original lens enzyme activity. In the lower concentration carnosine-treated group, on 3, 5, 7d,the activity of Na+-K+ATPase increased 10.8% (P＜0.05),44.6% (P＜0.01), 57.4% (P＜0.01) of control activity, respectively. In the higher concentration carnosine-treated group, on 3, 5, 7d, the activity of Na+-K+ATPase increased 11.3% (P＜0.05), 45.7% (P＜0.01), 57.6% (P＜0.01) of control activity,respectively. The activity of Na+-K+ATPase in both two carnosine-treated groups were only 6.7% and 6.5% lower than that of the control group after 7-d incubation. After the 7-d incubation, the Na+-K+ATPase activity of the lenses in the steroid group decreased significantly compared with carnosine-treated groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Carnosine prevents the cataract formation induced by a glucocorticoid, and significantly inhibits the inactivation of Na+-K+ATPase induced by a glucocorticoid.