Objective To study the protective effect of Xingnaojing combined with alprostadil on brain after acute ischemic stroke in rats.MethodsSixty patients with acute ischemic stroke were enrolled in zhejiang xin'an international hospital from March 2014 to March 2016.They were randomly divided into control group and treatment group, 30 cases in each group.The control group received conventional treatment plus alprostadil, the treatment group in the control group based on the combination of Xingnaojing treatment.Two groups of patients after treatment, are given nursing intervention, such as routine diet guidance, nutritional support, health education.The levels of serum oxidative stress (MDA), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were compared between the two groups before and after treatment.The levels of cerebral blood flow (CBFV) were recorded before and after treatment Observe the adverse reactions during treatment.ResultsAfter 14 days of treatment, the NIHSS score of the treatment group was lower than that of the control group and the ADL score was higher than that of the control group.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Before treatment, the oxidative stress indexes MDA and Hcy were no significant difference between the two groups.After treatment, the oxidative stress indexes MDA and Hcy were lower than the control group(P<0.05).Before treatment, the levels of VEGF and CBFV in the two groups were no significant difference between the two groups.After treatment, the levels of VEGF and CBFV in the two groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05).The adverse reaction rate between the 2 groups was similar, and there was no significant adverse reaction, there was no significant difference between the two groups.ConclusionXingnaojing combined with alprostadil has a certain clinical effect on acute ischemic stroke, and has a good protective effect on brain tissue after reperfusion.

Mild cognitive impairment is a transitional stage between normal aging and dementia. It is important in terms of recognizing memory loss in older people as well as identifying a group of individuals at high risk of developing dementia and who may benefit from preventive strategies. Ginkgo biloba extract has been shown to possess polyvalent properties, such as anti-oxidation, anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation. Ginkgo biloba extract appears to have a neuroprotective effect against neurodegenerative diseases.

This study was aimed to observe the tongue image characteristics at different renal function stages among 157 chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Tongue images of 157 CKD cases and 30 healthy people were recorded with the instrument designed by Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Parameters of the tongue image were compared among different renal function stages. The results showed that compared with the control group, there were obvious decreasing on the R and L indexes in groups of different renal function stages (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, there were obvious decreasing on the G and B indexes in groups of CKD1, CKD2, CKD3 and CKD4 stages (P < 0.05). Compared to CKD4 stage, there were obvious decreasing on the R, G, B, L indexes from group of CKD1 and CKD2 stage (P< 0.05). Compared with the group of CKD5 stage, there were obvious decreasing in the group of CKD1, CKD2, and CKD3 (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, the cracking index was obvi-ous increased in 5 stages (P < 0.05). There was obvious difference in the greasy index between the group of CKD5 stage and the control group (P< 0.05). Compared with the control group, there was obvious difference in the peeling index from the group of CKD3, CKD 4, CKD5 stage (P < 0.05). Along the decreasing of renal function, compared with the group of CKD5 stage, there was obvious decreasing on the greasy index and peeling index in the group of CKD1 and CKD2 (P< 0.05). It was concluded that Chinese medicine tongue and face diagnosis instrument can pro-vide certain objective evidence for the clinical diagnosis of CKD.

Objective To explore the best treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses.Methods Clinical data of 45 patients(34 males and 11 females,ages ranged from 7 to 76 years,averaged 42.6 years) with brain abscess treated from January 1999 to March 2008 were retrospectively analyzed.Among the 45 patients,there were 40 with single brain abscess and 5 with multiple brain abscess;43 with unilocular abscess and 2 with multilocular abscess.19 patients accepted the conservative treatment with the third generation cephalosporin,16 were treated with stereotactic puncture of abscess,8 treated with stereotactic puncture and drainage,and microsurgical excision was performed in 5 patients.Results Of the 19 patients treated with conservative method,16 were cured,no recurrence was found during the follow-up period(from 6 months to 5 years) in 13 patients,and another 3 were deteriorated and accepted stereotactic operation.All the stereotactic operations were carried successfully out in 24 patients(including 3 cases after expectant treatment failure) and only one patient needed another stereotactic aspiration two weeks later because of abscess recurrence after the initial operation.Epileptic seizure was found in one patient at the end of stereotactic procedure.Total removal of brain abscess was performed by microsurgical craniotomy in 5 patients.At the time of discharge,clinical symptoms disappeared or were improved remarkably,and CT or MRI re-examination disclosed the disappearance or obviously diminution of abscess in all patients.No abscess recurred during the follow-up period(from 4 months to 3 years,average 14 months) in 22 patients.Conclusion A set of treatment strategy of pyogenic brain abscesses has been proposed and stereotactic operation seems to be the most appropriate surgical choice.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of preventing ankle instability through exer-cise, so as to provide evidence-based references for practice. Methods The randomized and controlled trials ( RCT) on preventing ankle instability through exercise published before December 2014 were searched for in the NCBI, CNKI, VIP and Wanfang databases by computer, supplemented by manual searching. Each study′s quality was evaluated according to the standards of the Cochrane handbook by 3 researchers. The outcome indexes were ex-tracted and analyzed using RevMan 5.2 software. Results After the initial selection, 665 papers (357 in English and 308 in Chinese) were retained. From these 92 were chosen after reading the titles and abstracts. Ultimately, 14 RCT studies ( 12 in English and 2 in Chinese) met the inclusion criteria. They showed that exercise improved ankle function and symptoms of ankle instability significantly [SMD=0.98, 95%CI (0.65,1.31), P≤0.01], improved muscle strength [SMD=1.50, 95%CI (0.99,2.01), P≤0.01], improved balance and postural stability [SMD=-0.54, 95%CI (-0.84,-0.25) ,P≤0.01] , but did not improve proprioception or neuromuscular functioning sig-nificantly. Conclusions Exercise can effectively improve muscle strength, balance and postural stability, but not proprioception or neuromuscular functioning. The details of these findings may be related to the exercise intervention chosen.

Objective To estimate the indirect economic burden of disease-related premature deaths in China,2012.Methods Both human capital approach and friction cost methods were used to compute the indirect economic burden of premature deaths from the following sources:mortality from the national disease surveillance system in 2012,average annual income per capita from the China Statistic Yearbook in 2012,population size from the 2010 China census,and life expectancy in China from the World Health Organization life table.Results Data from the Human Capital Approach Estimates showed that the indirect economic burden of premature deaths in China was 425.1 billion in 2012,accounting for 8‰ of the GDP.The indirect economic burden of chronic non-communicable diseases associated premature deaths was accounted for the highest proportion (67.1％,295.4 billion),followed by those of injuries related premature deaths (25.6％,108.9 billion),infectious diseases,maternal and infants diseases,and malnutrition related deaths (6.4％,26.9 billion).The top five premature deaths that cause the indirect economic burden were malignancy,cardiovascular diseases,unintentional injuries,intentional injuries,and diseases of the respiratory system.The indirect economic burden of premature deaths mainly occurred in the population of 20-59 year-olds.Under the Friction Cost method,the estimates appeared to be 0.11％-3.49％ of the total human capital approach estimates.Conclusion Premature death caused heavy indirect economic burden in China.Chronic non-communicable diseases and injuries seemed to incur the major disease burden.The indirect economic burden of premature deaths mainly occurred in the working age group.

Caenorhabditis elegans hid-1 gene was first identified in a screen for mutants with a high-temperature-induced dauer formation (Hid) phenotype. Despite the fact that the hid-1 gene encodes a novel protein (HID-1) which is highly conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans to mammals, the domain structure, subcellular localization, and exact function of HID-1 remain unknown. Previous studies and various bioinformatic softwares predicted that HID-1 contained many transmembrane domains but no known functional domain. In this study, we revealed that mammalian HID-1 localized to the medial- and trans- Golgi apparatus as well as the cytosol, and the localization was sensitive to brefeldin A treatment. Next, we demonstrated that HID-1 was a peripheral membrane protein and dynamically shuttled between the Golgi apparatus and the cytosol. Finally, we verified that a conserved N-terminal myristoylation site was required for HID-1 binding to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that HID-1 is probably involved in the intracellular trafficking within the Golgi region.
Animals ; Brefeldin A ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cytosol ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Space ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Membrane Proteins ; metabolism ; Protein Transport ; drug effects ; Rats ; Vesicular Transport Proteins ; metabolism ; trans-Golgi Network ; drug effects ; metabolism

Objective To predict the potential suitable habitat of Haemaphysalis concinna in Heilongjiang Province under different climatic scenarios. Methods The geographic locations of ticks in Heilongjiang Province from 1980 to 2022 were captured from literature review and field ticks monitoring data from Harbin Center for Disease Control and Prevention in Heilongjiang Province, and the tick distribution sites with spatial correlations were removed using the software ArcGIS 10.2. The environment data under historical climatic scenarios from 1970 to 2000 and the climatic shared socioeconomic pathways (SSP) 126 scenario model from 2021 to 2040 and from 2041 to 2060 were downloaded from the WorldClim website, and the elevation (1 km, 2010), population (1 km grid population dataset of China, 2010) and annual vegetation index (1 km, 2010) data were downloaded from the Resource and Environmental Science and Data Center, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The contribution of environmental factors to H. concinna distribution was evaluated and environmental variables were screened using the software MaxEnt 3.4.1 and R package 4.1.0, and the areas of suitable habitats of H. concinna and changes in center of gravity were analyzed using the maximum entropy model in Heilongjiang Province under different climatic scenarios. In addition, the accuracy of the maximum entropy model for prediction of H. concinna distribution was assessed using the area under curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results A total of 79 H. concinna distribution sites and 24 environmental variables were collected, and 70 H. concinna distribution sites and 9 environmental factors that contributed to distribution of the potential suitable habitats of H. concinna in Heilongjiang Province were screened. The three most significant contributing factors included precipitation seasonality, annual precipitation, and mean temperature of the driest quarter, with cumulative contributions of 60.7%. The total area of suitable habitats of H. concinna was 29.05 × 10⁴ km² in Heilongjiang Province under historical climatic scenarios, with the center of gravity of suitable habitats located at (47.31° N, 129.16° E), while the total area of suitable habitats of H. concinna reduced by 0.97 × 10⁴ km² in Heilongjiang Province under the climatic SSP126 scenario from 2041 to 2060, with the center of gravity shifting to (47.70° N, 129.28° E). Conclusions The distribution of suitable habitats of H. concinna strongly correlates with temperature and humidity in Heilongjiang Province. The total area of potential suitable habitats of H. concinna may appear a tendency towards a decline with climatic changes in Heilongjiang Province, and high-, medium- and low-suitable habitats may shift.

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease predominantly based on joint lesions with an extremely high disability and deformity rate. Several drugs have been used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but their use is limited by suboptimal bioavailability, serious adverse effects, and nonnegligible first-pass effects. In contrast, transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDSs) can avoid these drawbacks and improve patient compliance, making them a promising option for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Of course, TDDSs also face unique challenges, as the physiological barrier of the skin makes drug delivery somewhat limited. To overcome this barrier and maximize drug delivery efficiency, TDDSs have evolved in terms of the principle of transdermal facilitation and transdermal facilitation technology, and different generations of TDDSs have been derived, which have significantly improved transdermal efficiency and even achieved individualized controlled drug delivery. In this review, we summarize the different generations of transdermal drug delivery systems, the corresponding transdermal strategies, and their applications in the treatment of RA.