ObjectiveTo explore medical students on the level of awareness of bronchoscopy,bronchoscopy teaching methods and teaching effectiveness. MethodsMaking a analysis of the appraisal questionnaire on the theoretical knowledge bronchoscopy study, bronchoscopy operational training of the intemship system of the clinical course. ResultsAfter clinical teaching of bronchoscopy, medical students have improved significantly. their operation skills and motivation in learning the respiratory system anatomy, pathological features, imaging diagnosis and bronchoscopy technology. ConclusionThe clinical teaching of bronchoscopy can improve the quality of clinical teaching in respiratory medicine, which helps to improve the clinical skills of medical students, and lay the foundation for training medical students in bronchoscopy.

Nowadays,medical university students' mental quality is a question that shouldn't be ignored.This paper analyzed the causes of mental problems of medical university students,emphasized the importance of mental quality education in clinical practice and put forward methods of mental quality education in clinical practice.

Objective To study Axin expression in colorectal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenoma, Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) polyp, and normal intestinal mucosa at mRNA and protein levels, and to explore the role of Axin in the pathogenesis of PJS. Methods The experiment samples, which were from the exsected normal mucosa, PJS polyps, adenomatous polyps and colorectal adenocarcinoma between Jan, 2001 and Mar, 2008 in Nanfang Hospital, each includes 32 sapamples. Immunohistochemistry was adopted to detect the Axin protein expression in each sample distinctively. Results transcriptase -polymerse chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detected and compare the Axin mRNA expression in 16 samples of each group. Results Of the tissues in each group, the positive Axin protein expression was located in the endochylema. The nomal mucosa group showed the most intensive expressive intensity, the olorectalc adenocarcinoma group was the least intensive, with significant difference in each group(P

OBJECTIVE To survey the varieties of microorganism on nurse hands and probe into its controlling measure in general hospital.METHODS We sampled microorganism of nurse hands during intravenous fluids infusion in the Respiratory Department,the Cardiovascular Department,the Department of Digestion,Gynecology and Obstetrics Department,the Department of Thoracic Surgery and the Department of Organ Transplantation in our hospital.All samples carried out co-cultures of fungi and bacteria.RESULTS The varieties of microorganism included not only opportunistic pathogens such as Acinetobacter,Corynebacterium,Pantoea agglomerans(Enterobacter agglomerans) former,and Escherichia coli,but also strong pathogenic microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus,and it is so common that finding meticillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci.CONCLUSIONS Nursing staff's hands contamination is serious in the process of manipulating operation in general hospital,emphasis should be placed on prophylaxis and control for nosocomial infection.

ObjectiveTo investigate the protective effect of tanshinoneⅡA on the expression of S100A1 protein after acute myocardial ischemia injury in rats.Methods Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into sham operation group, acute myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group by random number table. The acute myocardial ischemia model was established by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread and occlusion around the root part of the left anterior descending coronary artery, while the sham operation group was established only by thoracotomy and penetration of a thread around the root part of that artery but without occlusion; 3 days before the operation, in the tanshinoneⅡA pretreatment group, intraperitoneal injection of tanshinoneⅡA solution(at a dose of 1.5 mg/kg) was applied, while in the sham and acute myocardial ischemia groups, intraperitoneal injection of an equal volume of saline was given. Myocardial cell apoptosis was detected by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling(TUNEL), the levels of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde(MDA), creatine kinase(CK), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) and S100A1 protein were examined and the level of expression of S100A1 protein in myocardial tissue was assayed by immunohistochemical staining and Western Blot.Results Compared with the sham operation group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 expression in myocardial ischemia group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group were significantly increased, while SOD activity was decreased obviously; compared with the myocardial ischemia model group, the myocardial cell apoptosis rate, the contents of MDA, CK, LDH, S100A1 and the level of S100A1 protein expression were significantly reduced〔apoptosis rate:(32.1±4.2)% vs.(72.4±5.4)%, MDA(μmol/L): 9.1±2.2 vs. 17.3±5.2, CK(U/L): 83.3±12.2 vs. 107.5±12.4, LDH (μmol·s-1·L-1): 84.0±16.4 vs. 114.4±16.0, S100A1(μg/L): 37.6±6.0 vs. 78.4±8.6,P<0.05 orP<0.01〕, while the activity of SOD was increased markedly in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group(kU/L:72.8±10.2 vs. 49.6±8.8,P<0.01). TUNEL staining showed that in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, the myocardial cells represented positive staining(brown-yellow in color), irregular in shape with nuclear pyknosis, cell detachment from the surrounding tissue and other characteristics. And in sham operation group,the staining of majority of cells was negative. The results of immunohistochemistry showed that S100A1 protein staining was relatively deep in the myocardial ischemia model group and tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group, and in the latter group, the color of S100A1 protein positive staining was not as deep as that in the former group. Western Blot showed that the S100A1 protein expression in myocardial ischemia model group was 2.8 folds of that of the sham operation group, while the S100A1 protein expression in tanshinoneⅡA pretreated group was significantly decreased compared with that of myocardial ischemia model group(bothP<0.05),which was 1.5 folds of that of the sham operation group.ConclusionTanshinoneⅡA may play a role in inhibiting the expression of S100A1 protein to protect against acute myocardial ischemia injury, suggesting that this agent have a potential effect for treatment of myocardial ischemia.

Objective:To describe the clinical features and immunological of Uygur systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) subjects.Methods:Atotal of 484 adult patients (≥18 years) followed in the People's Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were included into this study including 211 Uygur patients with SLE and 273 Han patients with SLE.Results:① Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, 195 (92.4%) were female and 16(7.6%) were male (female:male=12.2∶1), the mean age at SLE onset was 15-64(35±12) years, mean disease duration was 0.1-228(21±35) months.② Of the 211 Uygur SLE patients, the most prevalent clinical presentationswere renal involvement 56.4%(119/211), hematological 56.4%(119/211), rash 50.2% (106/211), arthralgia/arthritis 49.8%(105/211), weakness 47.9%(101/211). The significant difference observed between the Uygur and Han SLE patients was Raynaud phenomenon( χ2=6.066, P=0.014) .③ The positive rates of antinuclear antibodies were 94.8%(200/211), 54.5%(115/211) for anti-dsDNA antibodies, 47.9% (101/211) for anti-SSA antibodies, 35.1%(74/211) for anti-U 1-RNP antibodies, and 28.4%(60/211) for anti-AHA antibodies. The positivity of anti-AHA antibodies ( χ2=4.952, P=0.026) was higher in Uygur SLE patients than thatin Han SLE patients. More Uygur SLE patients were anemic ( χ2=6.904, P=0.009), with decrease of complement ( χ2=6.330, P=0.012). Conclusion:This study can not find any significant differences between the Uygur SLE patients and Han SLE patients in common clinical manifestations in Xinjiang. The Uygur SLE patients are more likely to have anemia and decrease of complement, which may be related to race and diet habits.

Objective To investigate the influence of hypoxia on leptin expression in serum,CSF and brain tissue of C57BL/6J mice.Methods C57BL/6J mice were divided into 3 groups:the normal control,24-hour hypoxia group and 48-hour hypoxia group.The latter two groups exposed to hypoxia in the man-made auto pressure and hypoxia control cabin(XQ-I).Radioimmunoassay was used to detect the leptin level.Results The leptin level in the serum,CSF and brain tissue of mice exposed to hypoxia were higher than that of normal control,but no difference was found between 24-hour hypoxia group and 48-hour hypoxia group.Conclusion Hypoxia probably induces the increasing of leptin expression in fat tissue,as well as in the central nervous system.

Objective To evaluate the values of combined detection of carbohydrate antigen 125(CA125) ,human epididymis gene protein 4(HE4) ,soluble mesothelin related peptides(SMRP) in early diagnosis for ovarian cancer and the high-risk factors of ovari-an cancer .Methods 43 patients with malignant ovarian cancer were served as the malignant group ,54 patients with benign ovarian tumors as the benign group ,45 healthy women as the control group .Roche Cobas 6000 Automatic Electrochemiluminescence Immu-noassay Analyzer and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were adopted to detect serum CA125 ,HE4 ,SMRP levels . High-risk factors of ovarian cancer was subject to Logistic regression analysis .Results Serum levels of CA125 ,HE4 and SMRP of patients in malignant group were significantly higher than those in the benign group and the control group (P<0 .01) .The sensitivi-ties of CA125 ,HE4 and SMRP detection alone for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 73 .3% ,82 .8% and 70 .8% ,respectively ,while their specificities were 79 .1% ,87 .4% and 83 .3% ,respectively .The sensitivity and specificity of joint detection of CA 125 ,HE4 , SMRP for ovarian cancer diagnosis were 90 .2% and 79 .3% ,respectively .Logistic regression analysis showed that age at menarche younger than 13 years ,menstrual cycle less than 30 d and irregular menstruation were the high-risk factors of ovarian cancer ,with their odds ratio(OR) of 2 .11[95% confidence interval(CI):1 .09-4 .10 ,1 .91(95% CI:1 .21-3 .10) and 1 .57(95% CI:0 .83-2 .94) .Conclusion CA125 detection combined with HE4 or SMRP can markedly improve the diagnostic sensitivity for ovarian cancer .

In order to improve the Interns’ synthetic medical quality of respiratory medicine, based on the teaching practice of respiratory medicine in our hospital, the analysis of admission introduction and requests for high quality medical ability are reviewed in the present article.

Objective To assess the clinical characteristics of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the elderly in Xinjiang.Methods As a retrospective study,clinical date and laboratory test results were collected from 87 elderly SLE patients and 222 non-elderly SLE patients (age ＜ 50 years) hospitalized in the People's Hospital of the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2006 to July 2016.Results The female to maleratio was 5.7 ∶ 1.0 in the older-onset SLE group and the female to male ratio was 11.3 ∶ 1.0 in the younger-onset SLE group.Of the 13 patients with predisposing factors in the older-onset SLE group(14.9 ％),11 had infection (12.6 ％),whereas the 27 patients with predisposing factors in the younger-onset SLE group (12.2 ％)had pregnancy,abortion or insolation,in addition to infection.Arthritis (63.2 ％),weakness (40.2 ％),malar rashes (36.8 ％),anorexia(26.4 ％),and shortness of breath(26.4 ％) were common clinical manifestations in the olderonset SLE group.The incidence of anorexia in the older-onset SLE group was higher than that in the younger-onset SLE group(P＜0.01),while the incidence of trichomadesis was lower in the older-onset SLE group than that in the younger-onset SLE group(P＜0.01);Aminotransferase elevation,creatinine elevation and thrombocytopenia were more common in the older-onset SLE group than in the younger SLE group (P＜0.05).Lower rates of positive anti-Smanti body and anti-Acl antibody were found in the older onset SLE group,compared with the younger-onset SLE group (P＜0.05);Han older-onset SLE patients showed higher rates of oral ulcers than older-onset SLE patients of Uygur,Kazak or other ethnic minorities (P＜0.05).There were no significant differences between Han and Uygur/Kazak patients in laboratory test results.Conclusions The proportion of male SLE patients in the elderly is higher than that in non-elderly SLE patients in Xinjiang.Also,elderly SLE patients are prone to oral ulcers but often do not show typical early clinical symptoms and have low levels of specific antibodies.Therefore,clinicians should pay particular attention to older onset SLE patients in order to reduce the rates of misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.