Objective To determine the technical indicators of flexural strength and loose performance of folding tactile sticks. Methods The bending strength and loose performance of 5 folding tactile sticks were tested, the displacement of the marked point were collected and analyzed with the motion tracking system. Results and Conclusion For the bending strength test, the maximum displacement of the central shall be ≤ 25 mm. For the loose performance test, the loose displacement shall be ≤ 5 mm.

中国盲文是我国视力残疾人使用的触觉凸点文字。规范、统一中国盲文标准，将有力地促进视残者文化事业的发展。本文对盲文的起源与发展进行了简要的介绍，论述了“中国盲文”国家标准主要内容与制定依据。并阐明贯彻“汉语双拼盲文方案”是广大视力残疾人与盲文工作者的紧迫作务。

对拐杖支脚垫进行检验分析 ,提出了设计方案改进 ,并投产使用 ,取得较好效果。

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of ulinastatin on perioperative renal function in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.MethodsSixty ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 35-64 yr weighing 50-75 kg with normal blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) before operation undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation were randomly divided into 2 groups ( n ＝ 30 each):control group (group C) and ulinastatin group ( group U).Anesthesia was induced with midazolam,fentanyl,etomidate and vecuronium and maintained with isoflurane inhalation,propofol TCI,continuous remifentanil infusion and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and vecuronium.The patients were tracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.PET CO2 was maintained at 30-35 mm Hg.Ulinastatin 400 000 IU in normal saline 20 ml was infused iv after induction of anesthesia.Ulinastatin 200 000 IU was then infused every 4 h until 48 h after operation.Urine volume and the amount of furosemide administered were recorded before anhepatic phase,and during anhepatic and neohepatic phase.Venous blood samples and urine were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1),at 15 min of anhepatic phase ( T2 ),at 15min of neohepatic phase (T3),at the end of operation (T4) and 48 h after operation (T5) for determination of serum concentrations of BUN,Cr and creatinine clearance rate and urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)activity and microalbumin concentration.ResultsCompared with group C,ulinastatin significantly decreased the amount of furosemide administered and increased urine volume during anhepatic and neohepatic phase,decreased serum Cr concentration,increased creatinine clearance rate at T2.5,decreased urinary NAG activity and microalbumin concentration at T4.5 and serum BUN concentration at T3-s.ConclusionUlinastatin has protective effect on rehal function during perioperative period in patients undergoing orthotopic liver transplantation.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and relative factors of cognitive disfunction among the community- dwelling old adults. Methods 766 participants over 60 years old dwelling in Luzhou, Sichuan, China were enrolled with Multi-stage stratified sampling. Information about sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, health condition, nutrition were interviewed, and their cognitive function was evaluated with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Results The prevalence of cognitive disfunction was 19.7% among them. Gender (male vs. female, OR=0.577), age (over 90 years vs. 60- 64 years, OR=29.857), administrator (administrator vs. not administrator, OR= 0.360), farmer (farmer vs. not farmer, OR=2.121), nutrition (malnutrition vs. eutrophia, OR=2.460), body weight (underweight vs. normal weight, OR=3.222), living status (UN-Habitat vs. living alone, OR=0.658), marital status (widowed vs. not widowed, OR=2.208), education attainment (junior college vs. illiteracy, OR=0.328), income (over 1000 yuan vs. no income, OR=0.596) significantly related with cognitive disfunction (P<0.05). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that old age, occupation (farmer) and malnutrition were independent risk factors for cognitive disfunction. Conclusion The cognitive disfunction related with multi-factors, and need more effective and available intervention in the old adults.

Objective To investigate the prediction of maternal HBV transmission by breast milk of postpartum women with chronic HBV infection.Methods HBV DNA levels in serum and breast milk weredetected by fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction in 64 postpartum women with chronic HBV infection.HBV DNA≥1.0×103copies/ml was defined as positive,and correlation analysis was conducted.Results HBV DNA positive rate was 78.1%and 62.5%in serum and breast milk respectively,with a HBV DNA range of 1.05×103～3.87 ×104copies/ml in breast milk.When HBV DNA in serum was 1.0×105～1.0×107copies/ml,the HBV DNA positive rate in breast milk reached to 94.9%;however,when HBV DNA in serum was 1.0×103～1.0×104copies/ml,the positive rate in breast milk was only 18.2%.Conclusion The HBV DNA positive rate of breast milk in postpartum women with chronic HBV infection is correlated with the HBV DNA levels in serum;and breast-feeding should be avoided for postpartum women with HBV DNA≥1.0×105copies/ml in the serum.So serum HBV DNA detection is necessary in antenatal care for women with chronic HBV infection.

A male patient of acute onset is reported, whose main clinical manifestations were ataxia and dysarthria, with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen, non-small cell lung cancer antigen, carbohydrate antigen 72-4, positive anti-Yo antibody. The patient′s gastroscopy and biopsy result suggested gastric cancer, and his symptoms got better after radical surgery. Anti-Yo-associated paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration complicated with gastric adenocarcinoma was diagnosed. If encountering cases of ataxia or dysarthria in clinical work, the possibility of paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration should be considered and evidence for tumor should be searched, so as to avoid missed diagnosis or misdiagnosis.

Objective:To investigate the changes of brain energy metabolism and cognitive function in mice with specifically knocking out AMP-activated protein kinase α1 subunit ( AMPKα1) gene in the excitatory neurons by Cre-loxP recombination system. Methods:Sixteen 6-month-old mice with genotype AMPKα1 flox/flox/Camk2a-Cre/ERT2 obtained by hybrid breeding were randomly divided into AMPKα1 knockout group ( n=8) and AMPKα1 wild-type group ( n=8). Mice in the AMPKα1 knockout group were intraperitoneally injected 0.1 mL tamoxifen (20 mg/mL, dissolved in corn oil) daily for a consecutive 5 d to control AMPKα1 gene knockout in the excitatory neurons; and mice in the AMPKα1 wild-type group were intraperitoneally injected 0.1 mL corn oil daily for a consecutive 5 d. Seven d after that, Morris water maze and T maze experiments were employed to detect the spatial learning and memory abilities and spatial working memory of these mice; chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging (CEST) was used to observe the glucose metabolism in the hippocampus and cortex surrounding the hippocampus; Western blotting was used to detect the AMPKα1 and glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) protein expressions in the hippocampus and cortex surrounding hippocampus of two groups. Results:(1) Morris water maze showed that, as compared with those in the AMPKα1 wild-type group, mice in the AMPKα1 knockout group had significantly prolonged escape latency ([13.90±3.72] s vs. [22.40±6.28] s; [11.95±3.86] s vs. [22.39±9.77] s]) on the 3 rd and 4 th d of experiment, statistically decreased times crossing the platform ([5.25±1.83] times vs. [1.75±1.28] times, P<0.05). (2) T-maze experiment showed that as compared with that of the AMPKα1 wild-type group, the free alternation rate in mice of the AMPKα1 knockout group was significantly decreased ([73.21±9.16]% vs. [48.21±11.29]%, P<0.05). (3) CEST showed that the glucose metabolism levels in the hippocampus and cortex surrounding the hippocampus of AMPKα1 knockout group were significantly lower than those in AMPKα1 wild-type group (1.51±0.81 vs. 2.77±0.67; 1.31±0.83 vs. 2.42±0.95, P<0.05). (4) Western blotting showed that the AMPKα1 and GluR1 protein expressions in the hippocampus and cortex surrounding the hippocampus of the AMPKα1 wild-type group were significantly higher than those of the AMPKα1 knockout group (AMPKα1: 0.70±0.05 vs. 0.49±0.03, 0.98±0.04 vs. 0.64±0.06; GluR1: 1.22±0.18 vs. 0.60±0.11, 0.96±0.08 vs. 0.79±0.04, P<0.05). Conclusion:Specifically knocking out AMPKα1 in excitatory neurons can result in abnormal glucose metabolism in the brain of mice, and thus cause cognitive dysfunction, whose mechanism may be related to excitatory synaptic disorder caused by energy metabolism disorder.

BACKGROUND: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is characterized by poor differentiation, high malignancy and rapid growth fast, short double time, early and extensive metastatic malignancy. In clinical, chemotherapy is the main treatment method, while resistance to multiple chemotherapy drugs in six to nine months has been a major clinical challenge in SCLC treatment. Therefore, It has important clinical value to building SCLC aninimal model which is similar to patients with SCLC. Animal model of xenotransplantation (PDX) from the patients with small cell lung cancer can well retain the characteristics of primary tumor and is an ideal preclinical animal model. The study is aimed to establish SCLC PDX animal model and induce the chemoresistance model to help to study the mechanism of chemoresistance and individual treatment. METHODS: Fresh surgical excision or puncture specimens from SCLC patients were transplanted into B-NSGTM mice subcutaneous tissues with severe immunodeficiency in one hour after operation the B-NSGTM mice subcutaneous in 1 hour, and inject chemotherapy drugs intraperitoneally after its tumor growed to 400 mm³ with EP which is cisplatin 8 mg/kg eight days and etoposide 5 mg/kg every two days until 8 cycles. Measure the tumor volum and mice weights regularly, then re-engrafted the largest tumor and continue chemotherapy. RESULTS: Nine cases were conducted for B-NSG mice modeling. Three of nine cases could be engrafted to new B-NSG mice at least two generation. The SCLC PDX animal models have been established successfully. After adopting chemotherapy drugs, the chemoresistance PDX models have been established. High homogeneity was found between xenograft tumor and patient's tumor in histopathology, immunohistochemical phenotype (Syn, CD56, Ki67). CONCLUSIONS The SCLC PDX animal model and the chemoresistance PDX animal model have been successfully constructed, the success rate is 33%, which provides a platform for the clinical research, seeking for biological markers and choosing individual treatment methods of SCLC.
Animals ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; pharmacology ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; Etoposide ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Interleukin Receptor Common gamma Subunit ; deficiency ; genetics ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Inbred NOD ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice, SCID ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; pathology ; Transplantation, Heterologous ; methods ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays