Autoimmunity is influenced by genetic,immune,hormonal,and environmental factors.Viral infections may trigger autoimmunity.It has been established that autoimmunity may be a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of heart disease.Myocarditis is defined as inflammation of the heart muscle associated with impaired function of the myocardium.Myocarditis is considered as the most common cause of dilated cardiomyopathy.Myocarditis may be caused by infectious factors and noninfectious factors,noninfectious factors including autoimmune diseases with myocarditis.To gain a better understanding of autoimmune myocarditis,we summarize the pathogenesis and clinical significance of autoimmune myocarditis.

This paper studies the characteristics of biomedical engineering education mode in USA as well as its history in China.The practice and research on education mode of biomedical engineering in our institute is introduced as a reference for biomedical engineering education.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble steroid hormone.Vitamin D receptor(VDR),a type of nuclear receptor,recognized by Vitamin D has many biological functions and the pathway of 1,25 (OH)2D3/VDR plays an important role in human such as regulating calcium phosphate metabolism,glucose metabolism,lipid metabolism and water metabolism.Water channel protein aquaporin(AQP) is a kind of smaller hydrophobic trans-membrahe proteins,expressed in cell membrane of renal tubules,endocrine glands and red blood cells.Aquaporin plays a key role in the regulation of water balance and metabolism.Vitamin D has a positive effect in diabetic nephropathy via inhibiting renin-angiotensin system,while aquaporin is a new biological marker of chronic kidney disease and kidney injury.Latest studies have showed that the expression of aquaporin can be regulated by vitamin D.Therefore,Vitamin D and aquaoprin play an important role in chronic kidney disease and kidney injury.

Objective To study the effect of gallic acid isolated from Pu-erh Tea on the peroxisome proliferators activated receptors function.Method The appropriate concentration of gallic acid added to three cell models was decided to be 50 ?g/ ml,and the activity of gallic acid on peroxime prolipevators activated receptors PPAR?,PPAR?,PPAR? was studied.Results Gallic acid could activate PPAR?,as high as 2.436 fold and the effect corresponded to that of positive drug which value was 2.438.gallic acid had no effect on PPAR? and PPAR?.Conclusion Gallic acid in Pu-erh Tea had good activity on PPAR? and this could offer scientific basis for study of the anti-diabetes and anti-hyperlipidenmia mechanism of Pu-erh Tea.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the damage-controlling surgery for the elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases. Methods 278 elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases were divided into the damage-controlling surgery group and definite surgery group.The obstructive biliary diseases were divided into the benign obstructive group and the malignant obstructive group. The complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups were analyzed and compared. Results One hundred and eighteen elderly patients were treated by damage-contolling surgery, its complication rate was 9.32 % and the mortality was 0 %. One hundred and sixty elderly patients,were treated by definite surgery, its complication rate was 24.38%, the mortality was 6.88%. There were significant differences in complication rate and mortality between the damage-controlling surgery group and the definite surgery group (all P＜0.01). The complication rate of the benign obstructive diseases group treated by damage-controlling surgery was 17.3%, the mortality was 0%. The complication rate of the benign obstructive diseases group treated by definite surgery was 16.3%, the mortality was 4.34%. There was no significant difference in the complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups (all P＞0.05). The complication rate and mortality of the malignant obstructive biliary diseases group treated by damage-controlling surgery were 4.45% and 0% respectively, and were 35.29% and 10.29% by definite surgery, there were significant differences in the complication rate and mortality between the 2 groups (P＜0.01 and P＜0.05). Conclusions Damage-controlling surgery may decrease the complication rate and mortality of the elderly patients with obstructive biliary diseases, and improve the operation safety of the elderly patients.

BACKGROUND: Apelin/APJ system has a wide range of physiological functions,but its intracellular signal transduction,in particular,apelin receptor desensitization,internalization,resensitization degradation,have still no consistent opinion.OBJECTIVE: To construct eukaryotic expression vector expressing human apelin receptor(APJ)tagged to red fluorescent protein(pDsRED-express-C1),and to determine the expression in human embryo kidney 293 cells.METHODS: The plasmid pcDNA3.1-hAPJ was used as a template for PCR amplification of human APJ.Following PCR amplification the PCR product were removed and enzymatic digestion with EcoR I and BamH I.Same enzymes were used to cut vector pDsRED-express-C1.The digestive product was ligated by conventional methods of connection,then transfected into Competent E.coli TOP10.Single clones were picked plasmid extraction,followed by restriction enzyme digestion and finally DNA sequencing.The recombinant plasmid with correct sequencing was transfected into human embryonic kidney cells,PI staining,followed by the observation under a confocal microscope.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: PCR amplified a 1.2-kb fragment,which was consistent with the expected size of the human APJ.The pDsRed-hAPJ recombinant plasmid was cut into two fragments,one corresponded to the pDsRED-express-C1 vector size,and the other fragment corresponded to APJ target fragment.Confocal microscopy analysis showed that,APJ was expressed mainly in the membrane of human embryo kidney 293 cells.The pDeRed-hAPJ eukaryotic plasmid expression vector was successfully constructed and effective expression of this fusion protein is achieved,which might be instrumental in the study of displacement and intracellular localization of human APJ.

Objective To investigate the level and influencing factors of caregivers′burden among primary caregivers of elderly stroke patients. Methods Totally 298 caregivers of elderly stroke patients were investigated with Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire(SCSQ). The patients were investigated with Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Results The caregivers′burden was in the mild level with a total score of 35.21±11.45. The influencing factors were the number of days of care, daily caring hours, hospital anxiety and depression score, the coping style and the ability of patients to perform ADL. Conclusions The primary caregivers of stroke patients have mild burden. The nurses should be synchronized to assess the health of patients and primary caregivers at the same time, understand the caregivers′burden, and provide specific care advice, in order to reduce the burden of their carer, so as to improve the quality of patients′life.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the risk factors for lung infection of CRAb in ICU,and to provide reference for clinical di-agnosis and treatment. METHODS:The univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted with the method of case-control study,in which the clinical data of 105 cases of lung infection of CRAb in ICU were collected from our hospital during Jun. 2012 to Jun. 2014,with the 81 cases of CRAb and 24 cases of CSAb. RESULTS:The univariate analysis showed that those factors were significantly correlated with lung infection of CRAb in ICU,such as ICU hospitalization days be-fore isolation of Ab,total stay in ICU,respiratory failure,hypoproteinemia,mechanical ventilation,mechanical ventilation days, the application of carbapenem antimicrobial agents and combined use of antimicrobial agents within 15 days before isolation of Ab, abnormal C-reactive protein detection,abnormal procalcitonin detection. The multivariate analysis showed that ICU hospitalization days before isolation of Ab,the application of carbapenem antimicrobial agents within 15 days before isolation of Ab,mechanical ventilation,hypoproteinemia were the independent risk factors of CRAb. CONCLUSIONS:Based on risk factors,the measures should be taken for high-risk patients as soon as possible in ICU to prevent and treat lung infection of CRAb.

Objetive To explore the feature and influence of psychological trauma of severe physical violence (SPV) perpetrators with or without violent pedigree,and to provide theoretical basis in the intervention of domestic violence.Methods The cases of domestic violence were identified based on appeals for help to police stations,local Women' s Federations,Residents' Community Committee,Center of Community Health Services,the judicial branch of city governments.The subjects were screened,recruited and divided into the group of the abusers with violent pedigree(AP,n=136),the group of abusers without violent pedigree (ANP,n =105),the group of non-abusers with violent pedigree(NAP,n=105) and the group of non-abusers without violent pedigree(NANP,n =198).The features and influence of psychological trauma in four groups were compared.Results (1) In AP group,above 6 traumatic events got 66.1 percent.The median of the number of traumatic events in AP group was 7,and outstanding statistical significance existed among four groups(P＜0.01).(2)The scores of avoidance (1.37± 0.79) and intrusion(1.40±0.80) and added scores of IES-R(4.08±2.30) in AP group were significantly higher than the other groups,while the scores of hyper-vigilance (1.31 ± 0.88) were higher than NAP (0.95 ± 0.75) and NANP group(0.94±0.83).The scores of intrusion(1.22±0.83) and hyper-vigilance (1.14±0.85) in ANP group were significantly higher than those in the NANP group(P＜0.05).(3)The scores of witness DV,childhood emotional,physical and sexual abuse and the numbers of traumatic events were positively related with the traumatic symptoms.Conclusion The traumatic experiences are significantly correlated with severe physical violence behavior among violence perpetrator with violent pedigree.Some traumatic experiences may be the protective factors of domestic violence behavior.In the violent pedigrees,abusers have the most severe traumatic symptoms and their traumatic symptoms,especially intrusion and hyperarousal symptoms,are positively correlated with severe physical violence behavior.

Objective To determine the effects of curcumin microemulsion on proliferation and apoptosis of the human leukemia cell line K562 cells.Methods The curcumin microemulsion was prepared with the routine procedure.MTT assay was used to determine cell proliferation in cultured K562 cells,flow cytometry analysis was applied to examine cell apoptosis,and WT1 mRNA was determined with RT-PCR.The results about curcumin microemulsion were compared with these on curcumin.Results The prepared curcumin microemulsion was a stable clear solution with diameter of 10-100 nm.Curcumin microemulsion inhibited K562 cell proliferation by 24％,46％,68％with a 24 h incubation at dose of 2.5 μg/ml,5.0 μg/ml,and 10.0 μg/ml respectively,whereas curcumin reduced the proliferation by 6％,14％,25％at equal concentrations.WT1 mRNA level of curcumin microemulsion group(0.190±0.036)was reduced stronger than that of curcusin group(0.456±0.047).Conclusions Microemulsion is a great carrier for curcumin.Curcumin microemulsion is more effective in inhibiting proliferation,pro-apoptosis,and reducing WT1 gene expression than curcumin.A strong basis of medical value for the use of curcumin microemulsion to treat tumors is provided.