Stricture and insufficiency of eustachian tube in 43 cases were treated by floating duct for dilation of eustachian tube under fiber endoscopy. Clinical observation lasbed 2-10 months. 23 cases were significantly effective, 13 cases effective. No intraoperative complications.

Objective To evaluate status of female pelvic floor function and sexual life after total hysterectomy.Methods From March 2001 to January 2004,92 patients with undergoing hysterectomy due to benign gynecological diseases were enrolled in this study.They were followed up at outpatient department,including pelvic examination,filling in female sexual quality questionnaire,pelvic floor distress inventory short form 20 ( PFDI-20 ),pelvic floor distress impact questionnaire short form 7 ( PFIQ-7 ) and quality of sexual life of chinese women questionnaire.Results At 6 years after total hysterectomy,it was observed that 7 cases (7/92,7.6％ ) were pelvic organ prolapse and 62 cases (62/92,67.4％ ) were urinary incontinence.A median score of PFDI-20 were 4.67.A median score of PFIQ-7 were 0.Symptoms of pelvic floor dysfunction concentrated in lower urinary tract ( 58 cases with cough leak,32 cases with spot urine leakage,31 cases with frequent micturition,24 cases with urgent urination)and bowel symptoms (26 cases with constipation,24 cases with defecation urgency,21 cases without fully drained stool).In the 68 patients filling in female sexual quality questionnaire,an average score were (127 ± 20) points.Female sexual quality questionnaire score,sexual satisfaction,sexual communication and adjustment,sexual response and sexual body image were positively correlated with the patients' income ( r = 0.432,P = 0.007 ; r = 0.356,P =0.028;r=0.475,P=0.003;r=0.421,P=0.009;r=0.324,P=0.047).Conclusions Hysterectomy may have long-term effect on female pelvic floor function and sexual life.Quality of sexual life in those patients was positively correlated with income.

Objective　To investigate exogenous ceramide-induced apoptosis in colon carcinoma LoVo cells.Methods　LoVo cells were pretreated for 3 h with or without the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), a potent protein kinase C (PKC) stimulator, later treated with C2-, C6-ceramide or C2-dihydroceramide, and then passed through gel electrophoresis, Heochest 33342 fluorescence staining and flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining. The treated LoVo cells were observed for biochemical and morphologic changes. Results　Treatment with C2- or C6-ceramide in the range of indicated concentrations (10～25 μmol/L) for 12 to 24 hours resulted in apoptosis in LoVo cells, whereas C2-dihydroceramide, which is similar to C2-ceramide in configuration but lacks the trans double bond at C4-C5 of the sphingoid base backbone, did not induce the apoptosis at the same or even higher concentrations, indicating that the ceramide-induced apoptosis was stereospecific. Moreover, the exogenous ceramide-induced apoptosis in LoVo cells was inhibited in part by PMA. Conclusion　Ceramide takes part in the process of apoptotic signal transduction in LoVo cells. PKC may be one of downstream target molecules acted by ceramide.

In vitro diagnostic ( IVD) manufacturers were important suppliers of external servicesto medical laboratories .There equipment , reagents , calibration and maintenauce services played an important role in ensuring the quality of medical laboratory tests .It is also helpful for IVD manufacturers to establish and maintain a good reputation and credibility .ISO 15189:2012“Medical laboratories -Requirements for quality and competence” was issued onNovember 1, 2012, which replaced the second edition (ISO 15189:2007).Requirements related to IVD manufacturers are involved in the new edition standard .The article aimed to help medical laboratories and IVD manufacturers understand the requirements ; therefore , laboratories would know how to select suppliers based on their ability to supply external services , IVD manufacturers would know how to meet the needs of laboratories , and the cooperation between IVD manufacturers and laboratories would be facilitated .

Objective To study the embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of monocrotophos in mice.Methods Sixty pregnant Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups,15 in each:three groups were exposed to the monocrotophos at the doses of 0.05,0.10 and 0.20 mg/kg,10 ml/kg through gavage,during the period of organ formation(from 7th day to 16th day),once a day and the control group to distilled water.The pregnant mice were weighted in day of 0,6,12,18,and 20,and were sacrificed on 20th day of pregnancy.The numbers of living,dead and absorbed fetus were counted,and the uterus and placenta were weighted.The deformity examination was conducted.Results The maternal body weight of exposure groups were lower than those of control group in 12,18 and 20 day of pregnancy.With the increased doses of monocrotophos,the weights of pregnant mice showed a downward trend.Compared with the control group,the rates of dead fetus and absorbed fetus increased significantly,and the rates of living fetus,the fetal body weight and body length,tail length and placental weight decreased significantly(P

0.05). Conclusions The presentation of activated NK and T cells are both involved in the mechanism of immune tolerance of pregnancy, and the immunity of NK and T cells in basal decidua is independent of the systematic immunity in peripheral blood.

Objective To study the effects of enteral nutrition( EN) on inflammatory factors and cardiac function in elderly patients with heart failure ( HF ) . Methods A total of 96 elderly patients with HF were enrolled in this study and randomly divided into treatment group A,treatment group B and control group( n= 32 in each group) . Patients in group A were provided with 500 mL of EN daily for 1 month, and those in group B were provided with the same dose of EN for 3 months. Control group was treated with normal diet. The nutrition status of each group was assessed by NRS2002. Meanwhile,all patients were evaluated by New York Heart Association(NYHA) class and left ventricle eject fraction(LVEF). The levels of BNP,IL-6, CRP and TNF-α were also measured before and after nutrition treatment. Results In group A and group B,BMI,TSF,AMC, TP,ALB and HGB increased. Symptoms of HF alleviated quickly and LVEF increased compared to the baseline. The levels of BNP,IL-6,CRP and TNF-α were significantly lower after treatment(P<0. 05) in both treatment groups,and the change in group B was more obvious(P<0. 01) than group A. However,in control group,there is neither evident improvement in cardiac function or nutrition status,nor in inflammatory factor levels. Conclusion Adding EN support to the normal treatment of heart failure in elderly malnourished patients with HF not only improves the function of heart and nutrition status, but also helps to support immune system so as to alleviate acute inflammatory response. The benefits from EN depend on the duration of therapy.

Objective To observe the expressions of Akt and ERK phosphorylation in abdominal aortic aneurysm of rat model, and explore the pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Methods The rat model of abdominal aortic aneu-rysm was established. The diameter of abdominal aorta was measured and the extended rate of the aorta was calculated. HE staining was used to observe the change of pathology. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot methods were used to detect the expressions of Akt and ERK phosphorylation in the level of protein. Results The dilation of aorta was significantly high-er in abdominal aortic aneurysm group than that of saline group and normal group (P＜0.05). HE staining showed structural disorder and inflammatory cell infiltration in abdominal aortic aneurysm group. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot results showed that phosphorylation of Akt expression was significantly higher in abdominal aortic aneurysm group than that of saline group and normal group (P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in phosphorylation of ERK expression between three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion PI3K/Akt signaling pathway may be involved in the development of abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Objective To investigate whether human breast milk may bind to hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and its characteristics.Methods Breast milk samples from five women with negative HBsAg and hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) at one to two months post delivery were fractioned into cream and skimmed milk by centrifugation.The human breast milk and each fraction as well as cow and goat milk samples,served as controls,were separately incubated with highly purified yeast recombinant HBsAg,followed by determination of their binding capability to HBsAg by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the inhibition rate for binding of HBsAg to anti-HBs by quantitative chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay.After boiled for 1 min or pasteurized in 65 ℃ for 30 min,the thermal stability of the active components of milk was detected.One-way ANOVA and SNK tests were performed for statistical analysis.Results The operative concentration of HBsAg was 0.1 μg/ml.Breast milk from all five women showed significantly better binding capability to HBsAg than cow or goat milk (1.306±0.300 vs 2.157±0.150 and 2.232±0.093,F=34.303,P＜0.01).The quantitative experiments showed that the inhibition rate of human breast milk was higher than that of the control group [(74.26± 17.26)％ vs (0.00±5.50)％,F=57.806,P＜0.01].The binding ability to HBsAg of skimmed milk was comparable with that of whole milk,indicating milk protein(s) played critical roles in binding to HBsAg (0.877 ± 0.486 vs 0.513 ± 0.069 and 0.376 ± 0.146,F=44.475,P＜0.01).After boiled for 1 min or Pasteurization,the binding ability to HBsAg of whole breast milk remained,but that of skimmed milk went down (F=16.598,P＜0.01).Both whole breast milk and skimmed milk could inhibit the binding of HBsAg to anti-HBs (F=278.341 and 269.408,both P＜0.01).Conclusions The inhibition of binding to HBsAg by human breast milk indicates that human milk may interact with HBsAg.The active components mainly exist in milk proteins and are thermal stable.

ISO 15189:2012Medical laboratories-Requirements for quality and competence was issued on November 1,2012,which replaced the second edition (ISO 15189:2007 Medical laboratoriesParticular requirements for quality and competence).A study on changes in new edition standard will facilitate medical laboratories,regulatory authorities,accreditation bodies to have a good understanding of requirements of this new edition.An implementation of new edition will assist medical laboratory to improve their management to continually meet requirements of international standards.To enable stakeholders mentioned above have a good understanding and application of this new edition,changes in new edition were discussed in depth in this article.