Objective To establish a GC analytical method for the determination of N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace.Methods N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace was collected by silica gel tube, desorbed by ethanol, and according to The Criterion of Detection Methods for the Air of Workplace, the linearity range, precision, accuracy and limit of detection were determined by the GC under a certain experimental condition and the experiments of sampling efficiency , the desorption efficiency, penetrating capability and the stability of sample were carried.Results The linear range of N-ethyl morpholine was 0.025-20 mg/ml(r=0.999 8);Relative standard deviations were 3.2%-3.9%;the rates of recovery were 101.00%-102.43%(n=18), the limit of detection was 0.49 ?g/ml, the desorption efficiency was 96.10%-98.73%, the penetrating capability was 14.37 mg(100 g silica gel), and the content of samples were reduced less than 10% percent at the ninth day.Conclusion The method has higher sensitivity, better precision, accuracy, simple sampling, accurate and stable results.It can be used as an effective monitoring method to detect N-ethyl morpholine in the air of workplace.

Objective To understand the trend of occurrence,diagnosis,and prognosis of breast cancer in the cases treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital(PUMCH) between 1975 and 2006.Methods A total of 1092 cases of breast cancer treated in the PUMCH from 1975 to 2006 were classified into six groups by time span and reviewed for a comparative study on the parameters of gender,age,menstruation status,tumor size,mumber of positive axillary nodes,pathologic stage,recurrence and metastasis and disease-free survival rate.Results The average age of breast cancer patient has risen from 50.90 to 53.92,while 40-49 year-old group was the largest age group of breast cancer patients,and the percentage of menopause female was the highest.Tumor size has gradually been smaller especially since 2000.The number of positive axillary nodes showed no significant change during the time periods.In all 6 groups,stage-II cases were more frequent,although the percentage of stage-0 and stage-I cases was on the rise,while the percentage of stage-III declined,and that of stage-IV remained stable.In all 6 groups,the 5-year and 10-year disease free survival rate had steadily increased.Conclusions The early diagnostic rate of breast cancer has been improving and subsequently the prognosis has improved as well.

Objective To study the application value of T lymphocyte subsets and inflammatory factors in evaluating severity andprognosisofaplasticanemia.Methods 40patientswithaplasticanemiainthehospitalwereenrolledinthestudyasAAgroup, which was further divided into acute aplastic anemia(AAA) subgroup and chronic aplastic anemia(CAA) subgroup .In addition to that ,40 healthy people who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were enrolled in the study as con‐trol group .Then blood routine tests were performed ,T lymphocyte subsets content in peripheral blood and serum inflammatory fac‐tor content were detected and the results were compared .Results Th1 ,Th17 contents and Th1/Th2 ,Th17/Treg ratio in AA group were higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) ,while Th2 ,Treg contents were lower(P<0 .05);Th1 ,Th17 contents and Th1/Th2 ,Th17/Treg ratio in AAA group were higher than those in CAA group(P<0 .05) ,while Th2 ,Treg cells contents were lower . Serum IL‐2 ,IFN‐γ ,IL‐17 contents in AA group were higher than those in control group(P<0 .05) ,while IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 contents were lower(P<0 .05);serum IL‐2 ,IFN‐γ,IL‐17 contents in AAA group were higher than those of CAA group ,while IL‐4 ,IL‐6 , IL‐10 contents were lower .Hb ,PTL contents were negatively correlated with Th1 ,Th17 contents and serum IL‐2 ,IFN‐γ ,IL‐17 contents ,while positively correlated with Th2 ,Treg cells contents and serum IL‐4 ,IL‐6 ,IL‐10 contents .Conclusion Peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets and serum inflammatory factors contents in aplastic anemia are abnormal and are correlated with the severity and prognosis related indicators .

Objective To investigate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet drived endothelial cell growth factor (PD-ECGF) and their influence on the clinicopathological characteristics and the prognosis in aged patients with gastric carcinoma. Methods The expression of VEGF and PD-ECGF were examined with immnunohistochemical technique through preoperative biopsied specimens in 92 cases. Results The expression of VEGF and PD-ECGF were significantly higher in gastric carinoma than in chronic atrophic gastritis. VEGF and PD-ECGF levels in advanced carcinoma were higher compared with early carcinoma( P

Objective To identify the typical imaging features of steatocystoma multiplex on mammography.Methods Mammographic findings in 9 patients with clinical and pathological diagnosis of steatocystoma multiplex were analyzed along with a review of the current literature.Results Four of the nine patients with steatocystoma multiplex had a positive family history.Nine patients showed multiple,round,thin-walled fatty,radiolucent nodules with well-defined margin.These nodules are located in the superficial layer of the axilla bilaterally.They are also seen on the skin of breast(7 cases),the anterior chest wall (4 cases) and the upper arm (3 cases).Conclusion Recognition of the characteristic mammographic features of Steatocystoma multiplex is important in the management of these patients.

Objective To evaluate the effect of home-based care alongside with health promotion on Wechat towards disabled centenarians, to provide the basis for improving the home and community based care towards the oldest old. Methods A total of 158 indigious centenarians in Hainan were surveyed and 78 of them who were considered disabled by Barthel criteria were selected and then divided into intervention group (with health education on Wechat platform and nursing visit) and control group (with nursing care handbook) by the serial number of them. The living quality,incidence of adverse health events and positive feeling of family care givers of two group were evaluated and compared after 6 months intervention. Results After 6 months of home- care intervention, significant statistical differences in incidence of adverse health events were found between intervention group and control group, which compromise falls (2 cases vs. 13 cases, χ2 = 8.91, P = 0.00), pain (1 case vs. 17 cases, χ2 = 17.28, P =0.00) and constipation (6 cases vs. 15 cases, χ2 = 4.75, P = 0.03). When it came to positive feeling of care givers, the scores of intervention groupwere (33.44±3.72), (36.46±4.06) points, control groupwere (28.10± 3.25), (28.15±3.15) points, significant differences were found at 3rd and 6th month′s follow-up between two groups, which t value represent 4.955 (P=0.00) and 10.142 (P=0.00), respectively. It also suggested that the differences in living quality of the elderly were statistical significant when refered to discomfortble or pain scored 1.58±0.50 and 2.37±0.63 (t=-6.154,P=0.00), and anxiety or depression scored1.73±0.64 and 2.32 ± 0.70 (t=- 3.889,P=0.00). Conclusions Health education on Wechat platform with nursing visit can enhance the effect of home- based care by improving the living quality, incidence of adverse health events of the elderly and positive feeling of family care givers.

Objective To identify the hemolysin BL(HBL) gene from Bacillus cereus of patients with endophthalmitis comfirmed by API bacterial identification test strip,and detect its biological activity in vitro.Methods Three pairs of specific primers were designed according to the gene sequence of HBL(B,L1 and L2 components),then the PCR assay were established through condition optimization,and to further detect five Bacillus cereus strains isolated from clinical patients with endophthalmitis.HBL with biological activity was extracted by salt fractionation from a randomly selected strain,and a series of different concentrations of HBL were prepared and acted on sheep red blood cells(SRBC),Vero cells and Hela cells; virulence of HBL was also assessed through observating lethal effect of which on mice with intraperitoneal injection.Results Three genes of HBL were detected in all B.cereus strains from clinical patients; Strong hemolytic activity of HBL showed obvious time-and dose-dependent.In the study,we found the morphological changes of Vero and Hela cells caused by HBL were different,but cell death were the same result with contents released; Within 48 h after infection,lethality of HBL for mice showed 100％ with the concentration of more than 2.0 HU/ml,and was also in a time-and dose-dependent manner.Conclusion HBL isolated from B.Cereus had high hemolysis activity and low concentration.The expression of all BL genes provided a strong basis for the clinical feature of B.Cereus infection,which was developed rapidly and with a poor prognosis.It also provided a new method for rapid diagnosis and molecular epidemiology investigation in clinical.

Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer. Background and purpose: With the development of the means of preoperative diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer, ifne needle puncture no longer seems to be popular with the clinical use. The safety and effectiveness of fine needle aspiration as preoperative diagnosis of breast cancer are controversial. This study was aimed to investigate the application of fine needle aspiration (FNA) of breast cancer and association between FNA and recurrence and metastasis for 30 years in our hospital. Methods:A total number of 1 260 patients with breast cancer treated in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1975 to 2006 were reviewed in two groups for clinical characters, recurrence, and survival rate. The two groups were FNA and non-FNA. Results:The positive rate of FNA was 61.4%and the highest rate was inⅣstage (100%). StageⅡandⅢwere the major ones in FNA group (45.2%). The local recurrence (7.0%vs 6.4%), recurrence and metastasis (13.2%vs 14.0%), 5-year (82.0%vs 81.0%) and 10-year disease free survival rates (51.0%vs 64.0%) have no signiifcant difference between FNA and non-FNA groups. Conclusion:FNA is still one of the most important methods for preoperative investigation of breast cancer.

Objective To investigate the effects of GW4064,one FXR agonist,on the leptin and OB-Rb during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and on the OB-Rb in the HepG2 cells. Methods The mRNA relative expression of leptin , OB-Rb and the protein of leptin on the day of 0 , 2 , 4 , 6 , 8 during the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes after interfered with GW4064 were detected by fluorescent real-time PCR and ELISA , respectively. Meanwhile , the mRNA relative expression of OB-Rb of HepG2 cells after treated with GW4064 0 h , 12 h,24 h,48 h were also examined. Results The mRNA relative expression of leptin in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and OB-Rb in the HepG2 cells after treated with GW4064 were significantly increased compared with the controlgroup. Also, the protein level of leptin was similar with the mRNA expression. The all differences were statistically significance (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference on OB-Rb in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes cells (P>0.05). Conclusions GW4064 is able to upregulate the expression of leptin in the 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and OB-Rb in the HepG2 cells. Now the role of leptin in the NAFLD is still unkown, however, the low expression of OB-Rb is related with the leptin resistance in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. So we hypothesize that FXR agonist may treat NAFLD through upreglating the expression of OB-Rb and improving leptin resistance.

Objective To explore the program of cultivating the nursing master students according to the present situation of China.Methods Delphi method was used in this study.Results In the type of scientific research,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,research ability,ability of adapting society,teaching,management and the community nursing ability.In the type of clinic,the order were the basic knowledge of nursing,clinical knowledge,ability of adapting society,management,research ability,teaching and the community nursing ability.Conclusion According to the present situation of our country,the basic knowledge of nursing and the clinical skills should not be ignored.