The treatment for chylothorax depends on the underlying causes and the individual clinical cir-cumstances.It is difficult to select the best treatment measure.The main options include medium-chain tri-glyceride diet,total parenteral nutrition,drug therapy,thoracentcsis,pleurodesis,pleuroperitoneal shunting,embolization or ligation of the thoracic duct.This paper provides a brief review of the treatment for chylotho-rax.

[Objective]To observe the clinical effect on peri-climacteric syndrome of kidney Yin deficiency type treated with Qinggu Powder.[Method] Select 60 cases of the type,the treatment group 30 cases were administered Qinggu Powder,the control group(30) with western medicine ethane trigamous hydroxybenzene for comparison.[Result] The treatment group had total effective rate 93.3%,compared with control one 60.0%;there’s marked difference between before and after treatment.[Conclusion] Qinggu Powder has obvious cure effect on peri-climacteric syndrome of kidney Yin deficiency type.

0.05). Conclusions The presentation of activated NK and T cells are both involved in the mechanism of immune tolerance of pregnancy, and the immunity of NK and T cells in basal decidua is independent of the systematic immunity in peripheral blood.

Objective To analyze the imaging characteristics of pulmonary sclerosing hemangioma(PSH) and to improve the accurate rate of its diagnosis before surgery.Methods Imaging findings in 11 cases pathologically proved sclerosing hemangiomas were retrospectively analyzed in comparison with pathology.Results The imaging findings of PSH mostly were solitary masses with homogeneous density,and with smooth margin in 10 cases and irregular margin in 1 case;1 case with slight calcification and 1 case with air-meniscus sign were found.7 cases were homogeneous enhancement and 4 were heterogeneous enhancement on contrast-enhanced scan.The high and low attenuation areas on CT corresponded with angiomatous and cystic areas respecitvely on pathology.Conclusion Chest roentgenogram and unenhanced CT scan of PSH are not of remarkable characteristics,contrast-enhanced CT scan plays an important role in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of PSH.

Objective To observe CT findings of progressive muscular dystrophy(PMD)and to evaluate the diagnostic value of CT.Methods 100 healthy person were selected to measure the muscular density with CT including musculi of neck,back,waist,buttocks and legs,the density of musculi of back,waist,buttocks,and legs in 15 cases with PMD evaluated by comparative study.Results The arerage attenuation value of muscle in 100 healthy adults was 55 HU,while the musculi in the patients with PMD appeared atrophy,fatty degeneration and observable low CT attenuation value.Conclusion CT has important value in diagnosing PMD and help to guide the accurate localizations for biopsies.

Objective To investigate the effect of postoperative analgesia by using loxoprofen sodium on dental implant patients at different time points. Methods A total of 400 patients with dental implant treatment were divided into two groups by random number table method. The experimental group was firstly given loxoprofen sodium tablets (60 mg) in 30 minutes preoperatively, and the control group was firstly given on three hours after surgery (60 mg). Local anesthesia was used to all dental implant surgery. Using the Wong-Baker Smile Assessment method in operation and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) in postoperative respectively to assess pain level in surgery and 3 h, 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after surgery. Results The percentages of painless patients of the experimental group and the control group in operation were 99%(198/200) and 97%(194/200), and there was no significant difference between them (χ2=2.041, P>0.05); the percentages of painless patients of the experimental group at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h after surgery were 60.5%(121/200), 79.0%(158/200), 83.5%(167/200), and the control group were 47.0%(94/200), 64.5%(129/200), 71.5%(143/200), and there was significant difference between the control group and the experimental group (χ2=14.255,15.447, 11.165, P=0.007, 0.004, 0.011); however, in the two groups, there was no significant difference at 24 h after surgery, the experimental group was 93.0% (186/200), the control group was 89.5% (179/200) (χ2=2.468, P>0.05). Conclusions Preoperative administration with loxoprofen sodium tablets can significantly reduce the risk of postoperative pain, and could be used as a conventional implant surgery analgesic program.

Objective To investigate the expressions of DKK1,SFRP4 and Wnt1 in cervical squamous cell carcino-ma(SCC), and the clinical significance thereof. Methods There were 76 samples of cervical squamous cell carcinoma were included in SCC group and 36 benign uterine resection specimens were control group (NC). The immunohistochemical meth-od was applied to detect the expressions of DKK1,SFRP4 and Wnt1 in two groups. Results The expression of DKK1 was significantly lower in SCC group than that in NC group (P＜0.05). The expression levels of SFRP4 and Wnt1 were significant-ly higher in SCC group than those of NC group (P＜0.05). There were significant differences in the expressions of DKK1, SFRP4 and Wnt1 between samples of different clinical staging, differentiation, sizes of tumor and lymph node metastasis (P＜0.05). The expression of DKK1 was negatively correlated with SFRP4 and Wnt1 in SCC group (P＜0.05). The expression of SFRP4 was positively correlated with Wnt1 in SCC group (P＜0.05). Conclusion The roles of SFRP4 and Wnt1 are syn-ergistic interactions in the development of SCC. DKK1 is an inhibiting factor of SCC.

Objective:To investigate the effects of exenatide on podocyte in diabetic nephropathy mice.Methods:Diabetic nephropathy mice models were induced by using streptozocin-treated C57BL/6J mice on high fat diets, which were randomized by random number table to diabetic nephropathy control group (DN group, n=8) and exenatide treatment diabetic nephropathy group (DN+ Ex group, n=8). The C57BL/6J mice on normal chow diet were used as normal control group (NC group, n=8). After the intervention, blood glucose, renal function, and urine albumin/creatinine ratio were measured. Pathological glomerular changes were observed by pexiodic acid-Schiff stain (PAS) staining. The mRNA expression of profibrotic molecules Collagen Ⅳ, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), and Fibronectin in glomerular lysates were measured by realtime quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Podocyte injury and apoptosis were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy. The expression of Nephrin, Cleaved caspase-3, protein kinase B (Akt), and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in glomerular lysates were examined by western blotting. Results:Compared with the DN group, urine albumin/creatinine ratio was significantly decreased in the DN+ Ex group ( P<0.01). PAS staining and analysis found that exenatide administration ameliorated mesangial matrix expansion and glomerular hypertrophyin in DN group ( P<0.05). RT-PCR analyses showed that the glomerular expression for Fibronectin, TGF-β, and Collagen Ⅳ were significantly decreased in the DN+ Ex group compared with the DN group ( P<0.01). Immunofluorescent staining and transmission electron microscopy revealed that exenatide treatment improved podocyte injury and apoptosis in DN group. Western blotting analyses showed that exenatide increased the Nephrin expression, decreased the Cleaved caspase-3 expression, increased the p-Akt expression in glomerular lysatesin diabetic nephropathy mice ( P<0.01). Conclusion:Exenatide attenuates podocyte injury and apoptosis and proteinuria, and prevents the progression of diabetic nephropathy mice. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway in glomerular lysates may be related to the protective effects of exenatide.

AIM: To observe the changes of morphology, the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and membrane pump activities of spleen tissue in acute renal failure (ARF) rabbits, and to inquire into the role of spleen on pathogenesis of immune function disorders during ARF. METHODS: 42 rabbits were divided into control group, HgCl_2 group and glycerinum group. The ARF model was established by hypodermic injection of 1% HgCl_2 at dose of 1.3 mL/kg in HgCl_2 group, intramuscularly injection of 50% glycerinum at dose of 10 mL/kg in glycerinum group, respectively, and the animals were divided into the 12 h, 24 h, 48 h secondary groups (6 rabbits each group). At different time points, the rabbits were cannulated to facilitate the collection of blood sample to examine the biochemical indexes of renal function. The spleen microscopic sections were prepared for observing the morphology. The spleen homogenate was made for determining the activities of MPO and membrane pumping. RESULTS: Pathological sections of spleen showed that the different degree of congestion was found and spleen trabecula was increased in two model groups at multiple-time points. The MPO activity of spleen homogenate in HgCl_2 group and glycerinum group at all time points were obviously higher than that in control group, and at 24 h, the MPO activitie in two model groups was significantly increased than that in the same group at 12 h and 48 h. The activities of Na~+-K~+-ATPase, Ca~(2+)-ATPase, Mg~(2+)-ATPase, Ca~(2+)-Mg~(2+)-ATPase of spleen homogenate in two model groups at multiple time points were significantly lower than those in control group. Following ARF development, the ATPase activitie in two model groups at 48 h was lower than that at 12 h except the Mg~(2+)-ATPase in glycerinum group. CONCLUSION: Spleen as an immune organ has histological damage, arrest of polymorphonuclear neutrophils and dysfunction of membrane pump during the development of ARF in rabbits, leading to immune disorders.

Aim To investigate the effect of astragalus injection on the expression of JNK3(c-jun N terminal kinase)protein and JNK3 mRNA interrelated by apoptosis after hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation in hippocampal neurons of rats.Methods The hippocampal neurons cultured for eight days were divided into four groups:normal control group,hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,astragalus injection group and astragalus solution group.Hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,astragalus injection group and astragalus solution group were treated with hypoglycemia and reoxygenation after being deprived of oxygen and glucose for 30 minutes.Methods of Western blot,ELISA and RT-PCR were used respectively to measure the expression of JNK3 mRNA after hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation 0,0.5,2,6,24,72,120 h.Results Compared with normal control group,the mean optic density(MOD)of expression of JNK3 protein and activation of JNK3 protein in hippocampal neurons of rats every time points increased obviously in hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group except 120 h(P<0.05);compared with hypoxia/ hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,MOD of expression of JNK3 mRNA and activation of JNK3 protein in hippocampal neurons of rats every time points decreased obviously except 120 h in astragalus injection group (P<0.05);compared with hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,there was no difference in astragalus solution group.Compared with normal control group,MOD of expression of JNK3 mRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats every time points increased obviously in hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group(P<0.05);compared with hypoxia/ hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,MOD of expression of JNK3 mRNA in hippocampal neurons of rats every time points decreased obviously in astragalus injection group except 120 h(P<0.05);compared with hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation group,there was no difference in astragalus solution group.Conclusion Astragalus injection can inhibit the expression of JNK3 mRNA after hypoxia/hypoglycemia and reoxygenation,moreover,it can inhibit the expression of JNK3 protein and decrease the activation of JNK3 protein,accordingly it inhibits hippocampal neuronal apoptosis.