Objective To study the effects of lung recruitment maneuvers (RM)with different duration combined with low tidal volume (TV)ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with pulmonary and extra-pulmonary origin(ARDSp / ARDSexp). Methods Twenty-six ARDS patients with ventilation were selected including 10 patients of ARDSp (ARDSp group) and 16 patients of ARDSexp(ARDSexp group). All patients were given intermittent high-positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) combined with low tidal volume RM in the base of usual ventilation. Effects of different duration of RM were evaluated and compared in the patients of ARDSp / ARDSexp. Results MAP decreased and HR increased when sustaining time of RM was above 60 seconds. Significant differences were showed compared with that before treatment. MAP and HR returned to normal after RM stopped.Compared with the state before RM,Pplat and Crs increased immediately after RM (P<0.05). When RM lasted above 60 seconds, Pplat increased significantly compared with that when RM continue lasted 40-59 seconds.But Crs,OI and SpO2 didn't increase obviously. Treatment effects of RM in patients of group ARDSexp were more obviously than those in patients of ARDSp group. There were 1 case of pneumothorax and 3 cases of pneumoderma in ARDSp group and 2 cases of pneumoderma in ARDSexp group when RM lasted above 60 seconds. Conclusions RM with intermittent high-PEEP on low TV is effective to ARDS and best duration is 40～59 seconds. The patients of ARDSexp, with pulmonary interstitial edema as the main pathology, respond better to RM than patients in ARDSp with pulmonary consolidation.

Objective:To determine the fluorine content in enamel before and after besmearing fluoride varnishes or fluorinated bubbles. Methods:Thirty patients whose deciduous central incisors will be extracted were divided into group a and b randomly. For the same patient, a pair of mandibular deciduous central incisor were chosen. For group a: one tooth was removed, and the other one besmeared with fluoride varnishes and removed 24 h later. For group b: one tooth was removed, and the other one besmeared with fluorinated bubbles and removed 24 h later. The fluorine contents in the enamel of every tooth were determined by neutron activation method and analyzed statistically. Results:For group a: the fluorine content in the experimental group was (142.78?42.25) ?g/g, and that in the control group was(119.62?38.62) ?g/g. For group b: (162.36?31.36) ?g/g and (126.56?38.42) ?g/g respectively. The fluorine content in the enamel of tooth besmeared with fluoride varnishes or fluorinated bubbles was higher than that in the control group(P

Objective To explore the significance of complement split product C4d in monitoring chronic rejection of renal allografts in rats.Methods Healthy closed population rats were used as donors and SD rats as recipients. The Wistar to SD model of graft rejection was developed. All the 42 recipients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group A receiving nothing except CsA (5mg?kg~ -1 ? d~ -1 ) in the first 10 days after operation, and group B receiving MMF (10 mg/kg) and CsA after operation. On the 3rd, 5th and 10th week, all the allografts were tested by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Pathological changes of the kidneys and the expression of C4d in allograft tissue were observed.Results From the 3rd week, the rats in group A showed light pathological changes of chronic rejection and they became more and more obvious as time increased. Pathological changes occurred in group B at the 5th week and lighter than in group A. At the same time, C4d deposition in PTC was obviously observed on the 3rd week in group A, and on the 10th week C4d widespread deposition in allografts.Conclusion The deposition of complement split product C4d in allografts appears earlier than pathological change of chronic rejection, which can be regarded as a significant indicator to predict chronic rejection of renal allografts.

Objective To investigate the influence of Qiliqiangxin capsule on the exercise tolerance in patients with chronic heart failure. Methods 86 patients with chronic heart failure were selected and recruited into a control group and an observation group randomly. The patients in the control group were given angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, diuretic,carvedilol or metoprolol and dixina. The patients in the observation group were given Qiliqiangxin capsule on the basis of the control group. The change of exercise tolerance and left ventricular ejection fraction in all patients were detected after 4 weeks.Results The distance of walking in 6 minutes increased for all patients after 4 weeks' treatment(P＜0.05), while the observation group increased more significantly than the control group(P＜0.05). The left ventricular ejection fraction increased for all patients after therapy 4 weeks (P＜0.05), while the observation group increased more obviously than the control group (P＜0.05). The total excellent rate and effective rate in the observation group were both higher than the control group (P＜0.05). Conclusion Qiliqiangxin capsule can increase the clinic curative effect by increasing the exercise tolerance and improving the heart function of patients with chronic heart failure.

Objective To establish a quantitative SYBR GreenⅠreal-time PCR method for detection of Metadherin (MTDH) gene expression level in breast cancer, and to investigate the relationship between MTDH mRNA expression level and the clinicopathological characters. Methods Real-time PCR was employed to determine the expression level of MTDH mRNA in peripheral blood of 80 specimens of breast cancer patients and normal females. Results In the 80 specimens, MTDH mRNA was positively expressed in the peripheral blood of 61 cases of breast cancer patients while negatively expressed in the 19 cases of normal females. Among the 61 breast cancer patients, MTDH mRNA showed high expression in 34 cases, accounting for 55.7%, and showed low expression in 27 cases, accounting for 44.3%. Both of the differences in expression rate has statistic significance (Ratio = 2.02 ± 0.81, P<0.05). MTDH expression relative to GAPDH expression in the peripheral blood of breast cancer patients was 1.15 ± 0.36. MTDH mRNA expression has no connection with age, estrogen and progesterone receptors , as well as HER-2.(P＞0.05). There is statistical difference for MTDH mRNA expression level between the group with lymph node metastasis and the group without lymph node metastasis (Ratio=2.02 ± 0.81,P<0.05). MTDH mRNA expression level changed between clinicopathological stage I, II and III, IV. Conclusion The established SYBR Green Ⅰ quantitative real-time PCR method can successfully detect the expression level of MTDH mRNA, which may be closely related to the occurrence and development of breast cancer.

Objective Bone morphogenetic protein 4 ( BMP4) induces rat myocardial hypertrophy in H9c2 cells, but the spe-cific mechanism remains unclear .The study aimed to elucidate the role of autophagy in myocardial hypertrophy and its relationship with extracellular signal regulating kinase ( ERK1/2) signal transduction pathway . Methods H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group, BMP4 group, BMP4+PD98059 (ERK1/2 signal pathway inhibitor) group and BMP4+3MA (autophagy inhibitor) group.With PD98059(50μmol/L) and 3MA(5mmol/L) blocking for 30min, BMP4 (50μg/L) were added.Expressions of tiny tube related proteins 1 light chain 3 (LC3) and p-ERK1/2 were detec-ted after culturing for 30min.48h later, measurements were made on cell surface area , average protein content and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA ) protein expression level .Cell morphology and size were measured respectively by inverted microscope and Image J software .Total protein content was detected by BCA , and western blot was used to measure the expressions of LC3, ERK1/2, p-ERK1/2 and α-SMA. Resul ts 30min later, the expressions of LC3 and p-ERK1/2 were significantly higher in BMP4 group than in control group [(1.54 ±0.05) vs (1.95 ±0.11),(0.94 ±0.04) vs (1.33 ± 0.06),P<0.01] and no significant difference was found in other two groups .Compared with BMP4 group, significant decrease was found in BMP4+PD98059 and BMP4+3MA [(1.95 ±0.11) vs (1.59 ±0.08), (1.36 ±0.02);(1.33 ±0.06) vs (0.87 ±0.05), (0.95 ±0.15), P<0.01], while no significant difference was found between BMP 4+PD98059 group and BMP4+3MA group.48h lat-er, the cell area, protein content and α-SMA protein expression level are significantly lower in control group than in BMP 4 group [(644.1 ±15.01)μm2 vs (745.6 ±14.43)μm2,(240.0 ±7.26)pg/cell vs (347.1 ±5.4)pg/cell,(1.22 ±0.06 vs 1.99 ±0.03),P<0.01], while the corresponding indexes were significantly higher in BMP 4+PD98059 and BMP4+3MA compared with BMP4 group [(745.6 ±14.43)μm2 vs (645.0 ±12.63)μm2, (647.7 ±13.89)μm2;(347.1 ±5.4)pg/cell vs (239.7 ±3.39)pg/cell , (241.1 ± 8.56)pg/cell;(1.99 ±0.03) vs (1.13 ±0.05);(1.12 ±0.02), P<0.01].No significant difference was found as to the indexes be-tween BMP4+PD98059 group and BMP4+3MA group(P>0.05). Conclusion Autophagy may participate in BMP4-induced rat myo-cardial hypertrophy in H9c2 cells through ERK1/2 signal transduction pathway .The clinical treatment of myocardial hypertrophy may benefit from the blocking of autophagy or ERK 1/2 signal transduction pathway .

Objective To observe the morphology, quantity and migration of Langerhans cells in normal or HPV-infected skin treated with localized hyperthermia. Methods Tissue specimens obtained from 16 patients with condyloma accuminatum (CA) and 15 normal controls were divided into three equal parts, and irradiated by a self-made hyperthermia equipment at 37℃, 42℃ and 45℃ respectively for 30 minutes. Immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry were applied to detect the morphology, quantity and migration of Langerhans cells (LCs), respectively, in these treated specimens. Results With a rise in temperature, the number of LCs in epidermis decreased, the dendrites shortened, decreased in number or even disappeared. After exposure to hyperthermia at 37℃, 42℃ and 45℃, the number of LCs was 782.40±114.8, 649.44±119.40 and 510.88±118.64 per square millimeter respectively, in normal tissue, 646.04±135.67, 489.38±118.19 and 387.93±110.15 per square millimeter respectively in HPV-infected skin tissue.The percentage of migratory LCs expressing CD1a was 0.19%±0.18%, 0.89%±0.19% and 1.59%±0.28% in normal skin tissue treated with hyperthermia at 37℃, 42℃ and 45℃ respectively, 0.62%±0.31%,2.31%±0.54% and 6.33%±0.98%, respectively, in HPV-infected skin tissue; the differences were significant among these different temperatures. Furthermore, the migration of LCs from tissue into culture was enhanced by the treatment with hyperthermia. Conclusions Hyperthermia can promote the migration of LCs, and accordingly enhance the antigen presenting effect of these cells in immune response.

Objective To investigate the effect of hyperthermia on the expression of E6 and E7 genes of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 6 and 11 in HPV-infected human skin. Methods Tissue samples were obtained from the lesions of condyloma accuminatum (CA) in 6 patients after informed consent. Each sample was divided into 4 parts: one was embedded and directly stored at -80 ℃; the other 3 parts were placed in culture medium and the surface of the samples was irradiated for 30 minutes with a thermotherapy apparatus at 37℃, 42 ℃, 45 ℃, respectively, then the samples were taken out and stored at -80 ℃. RNA was extracted from the specimens, real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) was performed to detect the expression of E6 and E7 genes of HPV-6 and -11. Results Of the 6 patients, 2 were infected with HPV-6 and -11 respectively, 4 with both HPV-6 and HPV-11. The expression of E6 and E7 mRNA decreased with the increase in irradiation temperature. The relative mRNA expression levels at 37 ℃, 42 ℃ and 45 ℃ were 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.61 ± 0.17, 0.27 ± 0.15, respectively, for HPV-6 E6 gene, 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.56 ± 0.21, 0.16 ± 0.11 respectively, for HPV-6 E7 gene, 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.60 ± 0.22, 0.16 ± 0.08, respectively, for HPV-I1 E6 gene, 1.00 ± 0.00, 0.55 ± 0.15, 0.24 ± 0.06, respectively, for HPV-11 E7 gene; statistical difference was noted among them between the specimens irradiated at different temperature (all P < 0.01). Conclusion Hyperthermia can remarkably suppress the expression of HPV-6/I 1 E6 and E7 genes, which may be a possible mechanism under the regression of warts induced by local hyperthermia.

Objective To discuss the relationship between various T lymphocyte subsets apoptosis and disease progression in chronic antiretroviral-naive HIV/AIDS patients. Methods Thirty-six chronic antiretrovi-ral-naive HIV-infected individuals as well as 16 healthy HIV-negative controls were performed in this study. Ac-cording to the CD4~+ T cell counts, all the patients were divided three groups: < 200/μl, 200-350/μl and > 350/μl. After the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) were isolated, T lymphocyte subpopulations were determined by the expression of CD45RO and CD27, and the apoptosis of different T cell subsets were measured by Annexin V staining, then analyzed by flow cytometry. To investigate whether the apoptosis of T cells varied with the culture time in vitro, 4 healthy controls and 4 patients were chosen as subjects, and the lev-els of cell apoptosis were analyzed at the culture time points of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 h. Results (1)The percenta-ges of the AnnexinV expression on CD4~+ and CD8~+ T cells and all the subsets in HIV/AIDS patients were sig-nificantly higher than that in the healthy controls (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences among the three HIV-infected patient groups(P>0.05). (2) No significant correlations were observed between the levels of apoptosis of all the T cells and subsets and total CD4~+ T cell counts(P>0.05) ,nor with the HIV viral load (P>0.05). (3)As the culture time prolonged in vitro, the levels of apoptosis and necrosis of CD4~6 T cells in HIV/AIDS patients were significantly higher than those in the healthy conlrols, and the CD4~+ T cells were more susceptible to apoptosis and necrosis compared with CD8~+ T cells. Conclusion The levels of T cell apoptosis in HIV/AIDS patients was significantly higher than those in the healthy controls, at the same time, CD4~+ T cells were more susceptible to apoptosis and necrosis compared with CD8~+ T cells, but no correlation was found between the T cell apoptsis and disease progression.

BACKGROUND:Foreign scholars have obtained a success to cure fracture by implanting the complex of red bone marrow and formation factor.Due to the in vitro culture process is not necessary,the complex of red bona marrow and scaffold formation factor is only required to be implant immediately,called uncellular tissue engineered bone.OBJECTIVE:This study innovatively constructs uncellular tissue engineered bone with autologous red bone marrow wrapped by fascial flap with pedicle,and validates the superiority of repairing bone defects.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:Homebody controlled animal experiment was performed in the Hebei North University and the Experiment Center of the Affiliated Hospital to Hebei North University from December 2007 to February 2009.MATERIALS:A total of 24 News Zealand albino rabbits,aged 4-5 months; uncellular tissue engineered bone was a mixture of autologous red bone marrow and osteoinductive absorbing materials containing bone morphogenetic proteins.METHODS:Bone defect models were induced on adult New Zealand rabbits' right radial bone,left side served as control group,only implanted with osteoinductive absorbing materials complex,while right side served as experiment group,which contained fascial flap with pedicle.A fascial flap prepared with capillary network containing nameless blood vessel pedicle was located to be adjacent to the bone defect using micro-surgical technique,to wrap the tissue engineered bone and to fill the bone defect.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 4,8,12,16 weeks postoperation,six rabbits were tested by radiograph,spectrodensitometry,gross morphology observation,histological inspection,quantitative analysis of bone morphometry in bone defect area and analysis of vessels image in the junctional zone.RESULTS:①X-ray determination:At 16 weeks,the implant surrounding bone defects formed bone shaft structure in the control group,cortical bone was not continuous and medullary cavity was obstructed; in the experiment group,normal bone shaft structure was formed and recanalization of medullary cavity was observed.②Histological observation:At 16 weeks,few vessels grew into implant in the control group,mature bone trabecular were observed,and medullary cavity was obstructed; in the experiment group,the implanting materials were completely degraded and substituted by new bone,mature bone structure formed and recanalization of medullary cavity was observed.③Quantitative analysis of bone morphometry in bone defect area:At 4,8,12,16 weeks postoperation,the volume of bone trabecula in the experiment group was more than that in control group (P ＜ 0.05).④Analysis of vessels image in the junctional zone:The area of vessels in the unit area in the experiment group was greater than that in control group in every time stage (P＜0.05).CONCLUSION:The uncellular tissue engineering complex constructed by autologous red bone marrow wrapped by fascial flap with pedicle shows double effects of hymeno-inducing regeneration of bone and the vascularization.It is feasible to repair large-segment bone defects.It has obvious therapeutic effect in the aspects such as reducing the bone defect reparation time and advancing the quantity and quality of the bone generation.