Objective To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of laparoscopic radical cystectomy (LRC) versus open radical cystectomy (ORC).Methods The databases of Cochrane Library , PubMed, EMbase, SCI, Ovid, CBM, WanFang Data Knowledge Service Platform , VIP Information Chinese Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure , were searched to collect the randomized controlled trails ( RCTs) and non-RCTs about LRC versus ORC for the treatment of muscle invasive bladder cancer . The retrieval time span was from inception to May 2013.The studies were screened according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria , the data were extracted and the quality was evaluated by 2 reviewers independently.The meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.2.6 software.Results A total of 13 non-RCTs involving 783 patients were included .The meta-analysis showed that comparing with ORC , LRC had lesser intraoperative blood loss [MD =-466.85,95%CI( -603.33, -330.37), P <0.001], lower transfusion rate [OR =0.27, 95%CI(0.18, 0.41),P <0.001], shortening postoperative hospital stay [MD=-3.46, 95%CI(-5.98,-0.94), P=0.007], shortening time to oral intake [MD=-1.16, 95%CI(-1.41, -0.90), P<0.001], lesser minor complications [OR=0.52, 95%CI(0.30, 0.89), P=0.020], lower positive margins [OR=0.25, 95%CI(0.10,0.58),P=0.001], lower positive lymphs [OR=0.61, 95%CI(0.40, 0.92),P=0.020], but longer operative time[MD=52.44, 95%CI(36.67, 68.21), P<0.001].There were no significant differences between LRC and ORC in lymph node yield , local recurrence and distant metastases ( P>0.05 ) .Conclusions LRC is safe and feasible for treating muscle invasive bladder cancer when its indications are strictly controlled .However, for the quantity and quality limitation of the involved studies , this conclusion still requires to be further proved by large and high quality studies.

Objective To explore the expression of LGALS4 gene and its clinic significance in colorectal cancers (CRC).Methods 7 fresh CRC and their matched colorectal tissue were collected and mRNA expression level of LGALS4 was examined.83 CRC and 31 normal colorectal paraffinembedding samples were collected and the expression of LGALS4 protein was detected in these samples by immunohistochemistry.The correlation of LGALS4 expression and clinical pathology features was analyzed in the CRC.Results Compared to 7 normal colorectal tissues,LGALS4 mRNA was downexpressed in all 7 corresponding colorectal cancer tissues.Immunohistochemistry analysis indicated that,compared to normal colorectal tissues,the expression level of LGALS4 protein was significantly decreased in CRC [77.4 ％ (24/31)vs 30.1％ (25/83)] (x2 =20.606,P ＜0.001).Furthermore,reduced LGALS4 protein expression was closely associated with the tumor differentiation degree (x2 =4.454,P =0.043),T classification (x2 =4.404,P =0.05),lymph node metastasis (x2 =6.553,P =0.016),and Dukes stage (x2 =4.953,P =0.033) in CRC.Conclusion The lower LGALS4 protein expression hints higher malignancy degree of CRC.It may be an unfavorable biomarker of CRC.

Bacteriophages are abundantly distributed viruses , which are able to infect bacteria .Bacteriophages are becoming a focus of attention for microbiologists , as they can cause pollution to the fermentation industry and might serve as alternative therapies for antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria .Effective bacteriophage infection normally involves adsorp-tion, injection, replication, assembly and release , against which bacteria have developed various resistance strategies .The research progress in the bacteriophage resistance mechanisms is briefly reviewed in this paper .

Objective To investigate the prevalence of cervical spondylosis among adults in Beijing.Methods The prevalence of cervical spondyiosis among people older than 18 years who had lived in Beijing for more than six months was investigated in December 2010.The multi-stage sampling was used in this cross-sectional study.The related information was obtained by a self-designed questionnaire.Single and muhivariable Logistic regression models were applied to analyze high risk districts and populations.Results A total of 3859 people were enrolled in this study.Among them there were 531 people with cervical spondylosis,and the prevalence was 13.76％.The prevalence of cervical spondylosis in suburb (15.97％) was the highest compared with city center and countrysides (x2=8.257,P=0.016).The prevalence in females (10.49％) was higher than that (16.51％) in males (x2=29.432,P＜0.001).The distribution of prevalence among different age populations was inverted U shape,and the prevalence was higher in 45 years group (20.43％) and 60 years group (18.91％) compared with other two groups.The prevalence in employed group was 1.303 times higher than that in unemployed group (95％CI:1.008,1.684).According to the muhivariable logistic regression result,suburb (OR=1.306,P=0.026),females (OR=1.81 1,P＜0.001),people who were 45years or 60 years (OR=2.171,P＜0.001; OR=2.430,P＜0.001,respectively) and employed and retired people (OR=1.664,P=0.001; OR=1.303,P=0.043,respectively) were high risk population of cervical spondylosis.Conclusion The prevalence of cervical spondylosis among adults in Beijing was much higher and vastly distributed.It's necessary to reinforce the prevention,diagnosis and treatment study.Young females,people aged 45 years or 60 years,and employed people were high risk populations.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and distribution of lumbar degeneration disease among adults in Beijing.Methods The study design was cross-sectional study.The multi-stage sampling was used.The study objects were residents who were lived in Beijing over six months and older than 18 years.The related information was obtained by self-designed questionnaire.Single and multivariable Logistic regression models were applied to analyze the high risk populations.Results A total of 3186 people were studied.There were 292 people who suffered lumbar degenerational disease.The prevalence was 9.17％.The prevalence at downtown,suburb county and rural area was 7.88％,10.20％,and 9.59％,respectively,and there was not significant difference (x2=3.545,P=0.170).The prevalence of female (10.05％) was higher than male (8.13％) (x2=4.081,P=0.043; OR=1.337,95％CI:1.044,1.713).The prevalence of the population who was not less than 45 years older was significant higher than that of the population less than 45 years older (x2=102.982,P＜ 0.001).The physical labor group (12.16％) had higher risk for lumbar degeneration disease compared with mixed group (6.65％)(OR=1.510,95％CI:1.102,2.071).There were no significant differences in different education,social insurance,and income populations.Conclusion The prevalence of lumbar degeneration disease among adults is much higher and vastly distributed.It's necessary to reinforce the prevention,diagnosis and treatment study.People of female,more than 45 years older and physical labor group are high risk populations.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of low back pain among adults in Beijing.Methods The study design was a cross-sectional study,and the multi-stage sampling was used.A questionnaire survey was conducted in December 2010 to investigate prevalence of low back pain in adults who had lived in Beijing for over 6 months.Total prevalence and prevalence by region,gender and age were calculated.The chi-square test was used to compare results.Results A total of 3860 people were enrolled in this study.The one-year prevalence of low back pain was 26.09％ (1007/3860),and the point prevalence was 6.11％ (236/3860).The prevalence of different duration of low back pain (3 months,3-6 months,≥6 months) was 16.76％ (647/3860),4.12％ (159/3860) and 5.21％ (201/3860),respectively.The prevalence of females (28.83％) was higher than that of males (23.03％).The prevalence among different regions was significantly different.Prevalence in suburb and rural area (29.88％ and 27.54％,respectively) was higher than that in urban area (20.88％).No matter males or females,the prevalence in urban area was the lowest (17.48％ and 24.00％,respectively).With the increasing of age,the prevalence of low back pain became higher.In males,the prevalence of 55 to 59 years group was highest,while 60 to 64 years group was highest in females.In urban area and rural area,the prevalence of 60 to 64 years group was highest (34.43％ and 48.68％,respectively),while 55 to 59 years group was highest in suburb (47.26％).Conclusion The oneyear and point prevalence of low back pain among adults in Beijing are higher,with wide distribution.The chronic low back pain is more common.The prevalence of low back pain is higher in suburb and rural area.Females have a higher prevalence than males.Moreover,the prevalence of low back pain increases with age.

To study the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) on PC-3M cell line, PC-3M cell line was incubated with gradient concentrations of TRAIL for 4--24 h. Annixin-V fluorescence staining and TUNEL method were employed to detect the apoptosis of PC-3M cells. The morphology of apoptotic PC-3M cells was observed by electron microscopy. The relationship between TRAIL concentrations and the percentage of apoptotic cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The proliferation inhibitory ratio was calculated by using MTT colorimetry. Our results showed that apoptosis of PC-3M cells could be induced by treatment with TRAIL for at most 4 h. The results of flow cytometry and MTT colorimetry demonstrated a time- and concentration-dependent relationship between cell apoptosis rate and TRAIL concentration. It is concluded that apoptosis of PC-3M cells can be induced by TRAIL. Because of the selective killing effect of TRAIL on tumor cells, it may become a potential alternative for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/*pharmacology

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of repairing ankle and calf wounds by antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery. Methods 13 cases with skin defects of ankle and calf wounds were reviewd. The defects were repaired using antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery from January 2011 to February 2013, 8 males and 5 females; aged 19 to 65 years old. Wounds were located in the ankle and calf, area which the tibial artery support contu-sioned slightly;defects were associated with exposed bone or tendon, exposed blood vessels. Of the 13 cases, 5 cases have multiple ankle fracture with blood circulation disorders, internal and external fracture fixation were performed emergency with blood ves-sels and nerves exposed, at the same time emergency line wound repair by posterior tibial artery perforating flap. The other 8 cases have no blood vessels and nerves exposure, and accepted vacuum sealing drainage emergency external fixation and flap surgery. Seven cases accepted V-Y antegrade perforating flap of posterior tibial artery, 6 cases using retrograde tibial artery perforator flap. Whose defects were ranged from 1.5 cm×2.0 cm to 9.0 cm×5.0 cm. Antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial ar-tery with 1.5 cm×3.0 cm to 14.0 cm×7.0 cm was used to repair ankle or lower leg medial defect. Antegrade flap donor site sutured directly, but retrograde flap donor site take full thickness skin graft repair from abdomen. Results Circulations of the all 13 cases were stable, with wound healing well after 2 weeks. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 24 months, average of 13 months. All flap graft survived, pedicle no bloated andcat eardeformity. Flaps were soft, no bloated appearance;color was con-sistent with normal skin. Fracture line in the 5 patients was disappeared. Bone healing time was 3.0 to 4.0 months. At the direct su-ture skin donor sites, postoperative scar was small;skin graft donor sites had no obvious scar. Postoperative ankle dorsiflexion 10° to 25°, plantar flexion 15° to 45°. Patients were extremely satisfied with the results of repair. Conclusion Using antegrade or ret-rograde posterior tibial artery perforator flap without sacrificing the main vessel, it is a simple and effective method to repair the medial malleolus and calf wounds.

Objective To preliminarily understand and evaluate the fertility ability of male infertility patients by analyzing the semen routine testing results to assist further clinical diagnosis and treatment .Methods 7 586 cases of semen routine detection re‐sults were performed the retrospective analysis and statistics by classification according to the indexes of semen volume ,pH value , liquefaction time ,sperm density ,sperm activity and sperm deformation rate .Results Among 7 586 cases of semen routine examina‐tion ,there were 1 450 cases(19 .1% ) of semen volume less than 2 .0 mL ;1 372 cases (18 .1% ) of pH < 7 .2 ;2 740 cases(36 .1% ) of liquefaction time > 60 min ;989 cases(13 .0% ) of sperm density lower than 20 × 106 /mL ;3 719 cases(49 .0% ) of sperm activity grade a + b less than 50% ;3 431 cases(45 .2% ) of sperm deformation rate less than 15% ;141 cases(1 .9% ) of aspermatism ;1 119 cases (14 .8% ) had no abnormality in each index .Conclusion Semen liquefaction ,sperm motility and sperm deformation rate are the indexes with the highest abnormal rate in the semen routine detection ;the semen routine detection provides the important exper‐imental data for clinical diagnosis and treatment of male infertility ,the objective and correct analysis of the detection result is of great significance to the judgment of male fertility .

Objective To discuss a new temporal bone tomography radiographic technique for the assessment of cochlear implantation and its clinic value. Methods Plane radiographs of both the temporal bone tomography and cochlear position tomography were taken on 10 children after cochlear implantation. The numbers of inserted electrodes of both techniques were compared. Results The inserted electrodes were shown clearly in both techniques. There was no difference in the data be-tween the 2 methods and between the operation and radiography outcomes (P>0.05). Conclusion Temporal bone tomography is a new method to evaluate cochlear implants in postoperative patients.