Objective To investigate the teaching effects of Sandwich teaching mode applied in clinical oncology teaching.Methods Totally 72 clinical medicine undergraduates were divided into two groups randomly:Sandwich teaching group and traditional teaching group.Sandwich teaching mode was introduced to Sandwich teaching group while traditional teaching mode was carried out in traditional teaching group.Questionnaires and test paper were analyzed between the two groups and two teaching modes were evaluated.Examination results were statistically analyzed by t test.Results According to the questionnaires,more than 80 percent of the students thought that the initiative and enthusiasm were fully mobilized by the Sandwich teaching mode.Studying efficiency was improved significantly and skills of independent thinking,comprehensive analysis and problem-solving were trained,meanwhile,Sandwich teaching mode can improve the ability of expression and communication.Test score of students in Sandwich teaching group was higher than those in traditional teaching group (P＜0.05).Conclusions Sandwich teaching mode has obvious advantages in improving teaching quality of clinical oncology and it may help to cultivate high quality oncology specialists.

Objective To transmit ECG signals through a portable dual-mcu ECG holter based dual-port RAM.Methods Dual-port RAM had two independent address,data and control buses,which allowed the two processors accessed it's resource independently at different time.The master processor buffered the acquired data on its RAM until the data accumulated to 200 Bytes.Then the 200 Bytes would be transferred into the dual-port RAM at one time.The slave processor was informed to fetch the data when it reached the flash's one whole page.Results Problems in such aspects were conquered as the port contention of dual-port RAM,limiting sampling frequency,data sharing between the master and slave processors as well as acquiring signals by the cache.Conclusion The portable dual-mcu ECG holter based dual-port RAM can be applied to transmission of ECG signals.

Objective To analyze the correlation between chronic diseases,depression and activities of daily living (ADL) in the elderly,and to explore the risk factors of depressive symptoms and ADL.Methods Randomized multi-stage sampling method was used to select 504 elderly (aged ≥65 years old) in Jining City.The participants were then investigated and assessed by using Geriatric Depression Scale15,Katz-Activity of Daily Living (Katz-ADL) and Lawton instrumental ADL (Lawton-IADL).Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 74.01％ among the elderly who lived in Jining City.The positive rate of depressive symptom was 7.14％ and the rate of ADL or IADL limitation was 19.05％ and 66.67％,respectively.The positive rate of depressive symptom and the rate of ADL or IADL limitation of the male were lower than those of female (x2 values were 18.15,12.31 and 30.18,respectively; all P＜ 0.05).The number of chronic diseases was a risk factor of depressive symptom and ADL limitation (odds ratio (OR) =1.71 or 1.53,respectively).ADL and IADL limitations were also the risk factors of depressive symptom (OR =3.15 or 9.36,respectively).Over adjustment of gender and age,the impact of the number of chronic diseases on depressive symptom,ADL and IADL and the influence of ADL and IADL limitations on depressive symptom showed no statistical significance.Conclusions Gender and age may be fundamental risk factors of depressive symptom and ADL and IADL limitations in the elderly.Family members and society workers should improve ADL and positive emotion and reduce the likelihood of depressive symptom among aging population.

Objective To explore the related factors of local reccurrence to rectal cancer after Dixon operation. Methods 100 patients with rectal cancer were used Dixon treatment. Then the tumor cells in the intestine and peritoneal fluid were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by flow cytometry during operation. The patients were followed up 2 years to understand the local recurrence. Results In 100 patients,8 cases were found in local recurrence after 2 years. 6 cases of recurrence were in the anastomotic site. Conclusion The local recurrence was related to Dukes stage,tumor distance from the anus,much margin of tumor length,tumor differentiation,intestine and abdominal shed close tumor cells,and it was worthy of attention.

Objective To understand the existing deficiency in the work of preventing HIV transmission from mother to child.Methods The diagnostic occasions of 179 HIV positive pregnant women(189 pregnant times)in some counties in Hubei,Shanxi,and Hebei were collected,including measures for prevention.The reasons for the missing prevention for HIV positive pregnant women were analyzed.Results The HIV positive rate in pregnant women in the counties enrolled in this study was 0.26‰.Percentage of HIV pregnant women who were found in antepartum,intrapartum,and postpartum were 66.7%,7.4%,and 25.9% respectively.Some HIV positive pregnant women missed the prevention in all of three periods.In HIV positive pregnant women found antepartum,some rejected prevention.The missing reason for HIV positive pregnant women found intrapartum failed to get ARV drug.HIV positive pregnant women found postpartum missed the prevention.Conclusions There is some progress in the work of preventing HIV transmission from mother to child in China,but some HIV positive pregnant women can not be detected in time,and the percentage of HIV pregnant women who have received comprehensive measures is low.The work of PMTCT therefore needs to be improved.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases .Recently, increasing evidence demonstrates that the water-soluble compounds isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza,including tanshinol and salvianolic acid B, exert a regulatory influence on bone metabolism .The under-lying mechanism of these compounds involves various pathways , such as Wnt/β-catenin, ERK, BMP, OPG/RANKL/RANK and FoxO mediated oxidative stress pathway .This paper reviews pre-vious effects and mechanism of polyphenolic acids in Salvia milt-iorrhiza , which may provide the base for the research and devel-opment of the new agents to treat osteoporosis .

Purpose To explore the relationship of Tei index and the concentration of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. Materials and Methods Fifty healthy individuals (control group) and fifty dilated cardiomyopathy patients (study group) were recruited in this study. BNP level was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Color Doppler echocardiography were performed to measure the cardiac indices including left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVEDd), left ventricular end-systolic diameter (LVESd), interventricular septal thickness at diastole (IVSd), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Tei index was then calculated. The indices between the two groups were compared and correlation of Tei index and BNP with cardiac indices was analyzed. Results LVEDd, LVESd, Tei index, and BNP were significantly higher in study group than those in control group (t=14.4, 23.4, 21.9 and 22.3, P<0.01). IVSd and LVEF were significant lower in the study group (t=12.4 and 12.5, P<0.01). BNP was negatively correlated with LVEF (r= -0.266, P<0.05), and positively correlated with Tei index and LVEDd (r=0.401 and 0.326, P<0.05). Tei index was negatively correlated with LVEF and E/A (r= -0.480 and - 0.241, P<0.05), and positively correlated with LVEDd (r=0.375, P<0.05). Multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that the variates of BNP stepwise regression equation were Tei index, LVEF and LVEDd (t=5.984, -2.477 and 2.326, P<0.05); after correcting LVEF, the stepwise regression analysis showed closer relationship between Tei index and BNP (t=2.728, P<0.05). Conclusion There is correlation between Tei index and BNP. Tei index may be a good index for accurately estimating global ventricular function.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum miR-21 expression level in patients with HCC before and after transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and to discuss its clinical significance. Methods Before and after TACE the levels of serum miR-21 in 42 patients with HCC and 42 healthy subjects were determined by reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-PCR), and the levels of serum AFP were also estimated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results were analyzed. Results The serum miR-21 level in patients with HCC was (12.9 ± 3.5) times of that in normal subjects(t=19.430 7, P < 0.01). One month after TACE, the serum miR-21 level became (7.2 ± 1.7) times of that of normal reference value, which was remarkably lower than that obtained before the treatment (t=9.493 7, P<0.01). The serum miR-21 level was closely correlated with the tumor size, the presence of tumor thrombus and HBV infection. One month after TACE the serum miR-21 levels in patient groups showing partial response, stable disease and progressive disease were (4.0 ± 0.3), (6.0 ± 1.5) and (8.6 ± 1.5) times, respectively, of that of normal reference value, and statistically significant difference existed between each other among the three groups (F=38.168, P=0.000). ROC-AUC value of MiR-21 in diagnosing HCC was 0.910 ± 0.041, which was significantly higher than that of AFP (0.860 ± 0.037, t=6.3042, P<0.01). The specificity of miR-21 in detecting HCC was 88.1%, which was remarkably higher than that of AFP (69%, χ2= 4.5253, P = 0.033).Conclusion After TACE the serum MiR-21 level in HCC patients is significantly decreased, which is very helpful in predicting the therapeutic efficacy of TACE. Therefore, MiR- 21 can be regarded as a potential molecular marker of HCC.

Objective To observe therapeutic effects of HuGanJieXian decoction on rats hepatic fibrosis induced by tetrachloride. Methods Rat models of hepatic fibrosis were constructed by intraperitoneal injection of tetrachloride.HuGanJieXian decoction composed of low, middle, and high dose curcumin were given to these rats respectively at the same time. Sho-saiko-to compound treatment group and Fufangbiejiarangan Tablets treatment group were made as positive control groups. After twelve weeks, all rats were executed. Serum samples were kept for measuring serum levels of PC-Ⅲ, LN, and HA. Left livers were extirpated for pathologic examination including H.E and Masson stainings. Grade of hepatic fibrosis were evaluated according to SSS system. The levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of supematant centrifugated from hepatic tissue homogenate were detected. Results Serum levels of PC-Ⅲ, LN, and HA were depressed obviously in decoction groups compared with those of fibrotic group (P<0.05) , especially in the low-dose curcumin group.HuGanJieXian Decoction could increase the level of SOD and decrease the level of MDA (P<0.05) , especially in the low-dose curcumin group. Staining of H. E and Masson showed that degrees of hepatic fibrosis in decoction groups were improved obviously compared with that of the fibrotic group. Conclusion HuGanJieXian Decoction can improve rat hepatic fibrosis, the mechanism of this effect may be associated with protecting hepatic cell membrane and anti- peroxidative damage.

OBJECTIVETo assess and compare the predictive effects of hypertension before puberty and during puberty on adult hypertension.

METHODSA total of 412 adults from the "Beijing children and adolescents blood pressure (BP) study" cohort were followed up in a clinical examination in 2005. Systolic and diastolic BP, height, and weight in childhood were measured at a baseline survey in 1987. The participants were divided into pre-puberty and puberty sub-cohorts according to their pubertal development stage at baseline. Information on adult BP, anthropometric indices and life style were collected through questionnaire and physical examination. BP changes and the predictive effect on adult hypertension were compared between the two sub-cohorts. Correlation of BP levels between 1987 and 2005 was examined through linear regression models.

RESULTSFrom childhood to adulthood, the regression coefficients of systolic BP were similar in the two sub-cohorts (both β=0.34, P<0.001), while the coefficient of diastolic BP was larger in the pubertal cohort (β=0.31, P<0.001) compared with the pre-pubertal cohort (β=0.12, P=0.017). Fifty percent of children with pubertal hypertension became hypertensive adults, while pre-pubertal hypertension resulted in 34.3%. After adjustment for sex, age, family history of hypertension, obesity in childhood, and adulthood, pubertal hypertension predicted a higher risk of adult hypertension than pre-pubertal hypertension, with odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 10.00 (3.03-33.07) and 2.71 (0.83-8.85), respectively.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that hypertension during puberty is likely to result in adult hypertension.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Male ; Overweight ; epidemiology ; physiopathology ; Puberty ; physiology ; Risk Factors