Aim To investigate the effect of neferine on proliferation and invasion of human hepatocellular car-cinoma. Methods HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells were cultured in vitro with different concentrations of nefer-ine, then cell proliferation was observed by CCK-8 as-say; cell invasion was observed by transwell invasion assay; the protein expression of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK was detected by Western blot. Results CCK-8 results showed that neferine could significantly inhibit cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control group. Transwell invasion assay showed that cell invasion was significantly decreased with neferine 3 μmol · L-1 . Western blot results showed that RhoA, RhoC and ROCK protein expres-sion was decreased when neferine was co-incubated with hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Conclusion Nef-erine can inhibit proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and Bel-7402 cells, which is mediated mainly by the inhibition of RhoA, RhoC and ROCK protein expres-sion.

Objective To summarize the features of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRi) of hepatic cystic echinococcosis, and investigate the key points of identification and diagnosis.Methods The clinical data of 58 patients with hepatic cystic echinococcosis who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University from August 2011 to August 2014 were retrospectively analyzed.Patients received plain and enhanced scan of CT and MRI.Hepatic cystic echinococcosis was divided into the 5 types according to the literatures, including unilocular echinococcasis in type Ⅰ, multivesicular hydatid cysts in type Ⅱ, anechoic content with detachment of laminated membrane from the cyst wall in type Ⅲ, calcification of lesions in type Ⅳ and mixed echinococcosis in type Ⅴ.Patients who were diagnosed as with definite or suspected hepatic cystic echinococcosis underwent surgery.The follow-up including observing the recurrence of hepatic cystic echinococcosis was performed by outpatient examination and telephone interview at postoperative month 3, 6, 12 for 1 year and then once every year up to August 2015, and was ended if there was no recurrence for more than 5 years.Results (1) The results of CT and MRI examinations: of the 58 patients, 54 received scan of CT and 21 received scan of MRI.Seventeen patients were detected in type Ⅰ with clear-boundary and low-density cystic lesions by CT examination;MRI examinations showed there were single or multiple, round or oval abnormal signal including low T1WI signal, high T2 WI signal and low T1 WI and T2WI signal of cyst wall.Thirteen patients were detected in type Ⅱ, CT examination showed the daughter cysts of multiple sizes were found in the mother cyst, arranged in honeycomb or wheel shape;MRI examination showed there were lower T1 WI signal in the daughter cyst and higher T2 WI signal in the daughter cyst compared with signal in the mother cyst, and low signal in the cyst wall of the daughter cyst and mother cyst.Six patients were detected in type Ⅲ with capsule in capsule sign and water snake sign by CT examination and ribbon sign by MRI examination.Thirteen patients were detected in type Ⅳ, CT examination showed there were irregular high-density calcified shadow with the performances for return sample or sample volume skins changes.Nine patients in type Ⅴ had more than 2 kinds of lesions.(2) Diagnosis: 4 patients were misdiagnosed by CT examination including 3 with preoperative diagnosis of hepatic cyst and 1 with preoperative diagnosis of metastatic carcinoma of liver, with an accurate rate of diagnosis of 92.6％ (50/54).Two patients with preoperative diagnosis of hepatic cystic adenocarcinoma were misdiagnosed by MRI examination, with an accurate rate of diagnosis of 90.5％ (19/21).(3) Treatment and follow-up: 58 patients underwent surgery, including 40 undergoing internal capsule removal with external capsule suturing (31 with open operation and 9 with laparoscopic operation), 10 undergoing partial hepatectomy and 8 undergoing external capsule enucleation.Of 58 patients, 3 were complicated with effusion of residual cavity, 2 with unclosed external capsule, 1 with bile leakage and then was cured after 4-8 week drainage.Fifty patients were followed up for 12.0-48.0 months with a median time of 27.1 months and a follow-up rate of 86.2％ (50/58).During the follow-up, 1 patient undergoing internal capsule removal had recurrence at postoperative month 8 and was cured by CT-guided interventional therapy using absolute alcohol, and other patients had no recurrence.Conclusions There was a higher accuracy in CT and MRI examinations for hepatic cystic echinococcosis.Honeycomb and wheel shapes are characteristic findings of hepatic cystic echinococcosis in type Ⅱ.The characteristic performances of CT examination for hepatic cystic echinococcosis in type Ⅲ are capsule in capsuleand water snake signs, and characteristic performances of MRI examination is ribbon sign.The ring-like enhancement of edge by MRI examination is an essential of identification and diagnosis between hepatic cystic echinococcosis and hepatic cyst, and irregular calcification is a differential point between hepatic echinococcosis and hepatic tumor.

Objective To summarize the features of computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) and investigate the key points of diagnosis and identification.Methods The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted.The clinical data of 21 patients with AIP who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between February 2012 and February 2015 were collected.All the patients underwent plain and enhanced scans of CT and MRI,and magnetic resonanced cholangio-pancreatography (MRCP),and then received hormone therapy.Eleven patients with pancreatic cancer and 11 normal subjects who were diagnosed by MRI in the same period were selected,and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) was calculated and compared.Observation indicators:(1) situation of imaging examination:① pancreatic manifestations:density,signal,atrophy,calcification and enlargement of pancreas,change of pancreatic duct,② manifestations out of pancreas:changes of biliary tract system and kidney,③ diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and ADC:comparisons of ADC among AIP,pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas;(2) diagnosis;(3) treatment and follow-up.The follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect the clinical symptoms and signs up to February 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as (-x)-± s.Comparisons among groups were done using one-way ANOVA.Pairwise comparison was analyzed by Dunnett'T3 test.Results (1) Situation of imaging examination:Of 21 patients,17 received scan of CT and 11 received scan of MRI (7 combined with scan of CT).① Pancreatic manifestations:14 patients had diffuse enlargement of pancreas,with full edge and “sausage-like” change.Plain scan of CT showed uniform isodense shadow,and enhanced scan showed that reduced enhancement in arterial phase and gradually homogenous enhancement in portal vein phase and lag phase with no enhancement in edge of pancreas.Plain scan of MRI showed lesions were manifested as slight hypointensity on T1 weighted imaging (T1WI),slight hyperintensity on T2WI and hyperintensity on DWI.Enhanced scan of MRI showed delayed enhancement,edge of lesions was manifested as slight hypointensity on T1WI and T2WI,without enhancement.Atrophy and calcification of pancreas:3 patients had atrophy of pancreatic parenchyma in which scattered calcification were seen.Enlargement of pancreas:4 patients had localized enlargement of pancreas showing “false tumor-like” change,including 2 with localized enlargement in head of pancreas.Change of pancreatic duct:MRCP showed that diffuse stenosis,local stenosis and local dilatation of pancreatic ducts were respectively detected in 4,3 and 1 patients.② Manifestations out of pancreas:11 patients had changes of biliary tract system,showing intrahepatic bile duct and common bile duct dilation,partial stenosis and extensive bile duct wall thickening.Enhanced scan of MRI showed there was obvious enhancement of bile duct wall.MRCP of 4 patients showed that the beak-like stenosis was seen in the distal common bile duct.Three patients had kidney changes,enhanced scan of CT showed that kidney demonstrated patch-shape hypodense shadow in arterial phase and homogenous enhancement of patch-shape hypodense shadow in lag phase,and plain scan of MRI showed that kidney lesions demonstrated equal signal on T1WI fat suppression (FS) and patch-shape low signal on T2WI FS.Lesions had gradually homogenous enhancement in substance phase and lag phase.③ DWI and ADC:lesions in patients with AIP and pancreatic cancer demonstrated high signal on DWI (b =1 000 s/mm2) compared with adjacent tissues (no involvement in pancreas or normal pancreatic parenchyma),ADC of pancreas in patients with AIP,with pancreatic cancer and with normal population was (0.001 30 ± 0.000 35)mm2/s,(0.000 80 ± 0.000 14) mm2/s and (0.001 60-± 0.000 24) mm2/s,respectively,with a statistically significant difference (F =30.409,P ＜ 0.05).There were statistically significant differences between patients with pancreatic cancer and patients with AIP or normal population (P ＜ 0.05) and no statistically significant difference between patients with AIP and with normal population (P ＞ 0.05).(2) Diagnosis:11 patients were diagnosed by CT examination,with a diagnostic accuracy of 11/17.Eight patients were diagnosed by MRI examination,with a diagnostic accuracy of 8/11.One patient was misdiagnosed as cancer of pancreatic head by CT and MRI examinations,and 1 was misdiagnosed as cancer in the distal common bile duct.(3) Treatment and follow-up:21 patients underwent regular hormone therapy,and 40 mg prednisolone was given orally a daily for 3-4 weeks and then gradually reduced to 5 mg up to complete relief of the symptoms.All the 21 patients were followed up for 12-45 months.Of 17 patients with abdominal pain and distension,symptoms of 7 patients disappeared and symptoms of 10 patients decreased or occasionally occurred.Of 10 patients associated with jaundice,symptoms of 7 and 2 patients disappeared and decreased,respectively,and symptoms of 1 patient subsided.Conclusion CT and MRI examinations of pancreas demonstrate “sausage-like” and “false tumor-like” changes,the non-neoplastic bile and pancreatic duct stenosis combined with IgG4 related diseases in other organs is an important imaging evidence for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AIP.

Objectiye To investigate the clinical application value of emergency therapeutic encoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) on acute biliary-pancreatic diseases.Methods Duodenoscope was applied on the emergency treatment for 103 patients of acute biliary-pancreatic diseases from March 2007 to May 2010. According to patients' conditions, the examination of ERCP,endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) were carried out. The papilla sphincter was slivered by needle knife under the circumstances of the stone incarceration in the papilla,then calculus was removed by net basket. ENBD or endoscopic retrograde biliary drainage (ERBD)was placed according to the state of an illness. Statistical analysis was made by SPSS 13.0 software with a 2 × 2 table analysis, Comparison of ratio were determined with x2 test, a value less than 0. 05 was considered as significant. Results Of 103 cases, the success rate of endoscopic treatment was 97. 1% ( 100/103 ).Among 100 cases, 25cases (24. 3% ) were treated with ERCP and ENBD/ERBD; 12 cases (11.7%) were treated with ERCP, needle knife fenestration and ENBD; 67 cases (65. 1% ) were treated with ERCP,EST, calculus removal and ENBD; 8 cases (7. 8% ) were treated with ERCP, EST and ERBD. Of 100 cases one (1.0%) suffered from postoperative hemorrhage of duodenal papilla, which was cured by endoscopic hemostasis. Compared with selective cases those undergoing emergency ERCP often needed two stage procedures (P = 0. 010), but there are no statistical differences between two groups in success rate (P = 0. 122). Conclusions Emergency ERCP are safe and effective in acute biliary-pancreatic diseases.

ABSTRACT:Objective To investigate the prevalence of thyroid nodules in Xi’an City by ultrasonography and study the correlation between thyroid nodules and the components of metabolic syndrome.Methods We recruited 4 527 subjects in this cross-sectional study and divided them into thyroid nodules (TN)group and non-thyroid nodules (NTN)group.The height,weight,blood pressure,blood sugar,lipid,and serum uric acid were measured and analyzed.The relationship between thyroid nodules and thyroid function was assessed in the subjects who received TT3,TT4,TSH,TGAB,and TPOAB tests.Results ① The prevalence of thyroid nodules was 31.8% and was significantly higher in the female patients (38.4% vs.27.1%,χ2=64.44,P<0.001).However,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 9.1% and was significantly higher in the male ones (11.4% vs.5.9%,χ2=40.39,P<0.001).② Compared with that in NTN group,TT3 in TN group was significantly increased (t=6.04,P<0.001), but the other indexes did not obviously change in the two groups (P>0.05).③ Age,systolic blood pressure,and TG,LDL-C and serum uric acid levels were remarkably higher in TN group than in NTN group (P<0.001 ). Conclusion The prevalence of thyroid nodules in Xi’an City is noticeably high.High systolic blood pressure level, dyslipidemia and elevated uric acid are associated with thyroid nodules.Therefore,screening and management of the individuals with aforementioned characteristics deserve more attention.

Objective To investigate the clinical features and treatment of residual gallbladder lesions after cholecystectomy.Methods The retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted.The clinicopathological data of 83 patients with residual gallbladder lesions after cholecystectomy who were admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University between January 2009 and April 2016 were collected.Among the 83 patients,74 had residual gallbladder (41 combined with bile duct stones and 33 with simple residual gallbladder)and 9 had simple residual bile duct stones.Patients received laboratory and imaging examinations,and then selected suitable surgery according to residual lesions.Observation indicators included:(1) clinical features:medical history,clinical manifestation,features of laboratory and imaging examinations;(2) surgical and postoperative situations:surgical procedure,operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time of drainagetube removal,postoperative complications and duration of postoperative hospital stay;(3) postoperative pathological examination;(4) follow-up situation.Follow-up using outpatient examination and telephone interview was performed to detect survival of patients and recurrence of lesions using abdomen color Doppler ultrasound up to October 2016.Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as ~ ±s.Results (1) Clinical features:① medical history:all the 83 patients had histories of cholecystectomy,including 57 with emergency operation and 26 with selective operation.② Clinical manifestation:initial clinical manifestation occurred at 1-324 months postoperatively,with an average time of 96 months.Of 83 patients,49 had right upper abdominal colic associated with right shoulder or back rediating pain,fever,nausea and vomiting,24 had jaundice as the main symptoms,8 had gradually worse conditions,with right upper quadrant abdominal pain,chills and fever associated with jaundice in the advanced stage and 2 had abdominal discomfort associated with incomplete intestinal obstruction.③ Laboratory examination:elevated alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels were detected in 48 patients,elevated total bilirubin (TBil) level in 28 patients and elevated serum and urinary amylase level in 4 patients,respectively.④ Imaging examination:of 83 patients,77 had positive results of magnetic resonanced eholangio-pancreatography (MRCP),43 had positive results of abdominal color Doppler ultrasound and 39 (4 combined with pancreatitis) had positive results of abdominal computed tomography (CT).(2) Surgical and postoperative situations:all the 83 patients underwent surgery.Of 74 patients with residual gallbladder,72 underwent residual gallbladder resection (of 41 combined with bile duct stones,35 undergoing residual gallbladder resection + bill duct exploration and removing the stone + T-tube drainage,6 initially undergoing endoscopic sphincterotomy for removing bile duct stones and then residual gallbladder resection and 31 undergoing simple residual gallbladder resection),1 combined with residual gallbladder cancer underwent residual gallbladder resection + common bile duct resection + hepatic duct-jejunum internal drainage and 1 combined with residual gallbladder cancer and common bile duct space-occupying lesion underwent palliative biliary-enterostomy.Nine patients with simple residual bile duct stones underwent endoscopic sphincterotomy for removing bile duct stones.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss,time of drainage-tube removal and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (92±39)minutes,(63±12)mL,(5±4)days and (9±5)days in 74 patients with residual gallbladder,respectively.There was no severe postoperative complication.Operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay were (57±33)minutes,(25±9)mL and (5 ± 3) days in 9 patients with simple residual bile duct stones,respectively.No severe complication was occurred in 9 patients.(3) Postoperative pathological examination:the length of residual cystic duct in 74 patients with residual gallbladder was (2.8 ± 1.0) cm,combining with stones.Of 74 patients,simple hyperplasia of residual gallbladder were detected in 54 patients,dysplasia in 14 patients,tumor-like hyperplasia and benign tumor in 4 patients and adenocarcinoma in 2 patients.(4) Follow-up situation:all the 83 patients were followed up for 6-71 months,with a median time of 33 months.Eighty-one patients were healthy survival,without recurrence of lesions.One patient had recurrence of bile duct stones at 34 months postoperatively,and then was cured by choledochojejunostomy,without recurrence up to the end of follow-up.One patient with residual gallbladder cancer complicated with common bile duct space-occupying lesion died at 9 months postoperatively.Conclusions Patients have recurrent right upper abdominal colic associated with right shoulder or back rediating pain,fever and jaundice after cholecystectomy,and lesions of residual gallbladder or bile duct stones should be considered.Reoperation is safe and feasible for patients,with a good clinical outcome.

Objective To study the effects of CTLA4-Ig on mu rine allergic contact dermatitis.Methods Mice were exposed to DNFB to induce allergic contact dermatitis and were i njected with CTLA4-Ig.Ear swelling was measured 24h after antigen challenge.Splenocytes from treated mice were assayed for their ability to prolif erate in response to DNFB or FITC stimulation in vitro.Results Profound inhibition of contact hypersensitivity response(CHS )was shown by 69.7%in mice treated with CTLA4-Ig compared with mice treate d with PBS control.CT-LA4-Ig-treated mice displayed DNFB-specific tolerance,but exhibited a vigorous immune response to FITC when re-sensitizing 14days after the fir st challenge.Adoptive transfer of l ymphocytes from CTLA4-Ig-treated mice could induce inhibition of CHS in recipien t mice.Conclusions CTLA4-Ig can inhibit CHS by blocking B7/CD28co-stimulatory pathway,which provides a new way to suppress typeⅣallergic reaction.[

To obtain an initial overview of gene diversity and expression pattern in porcine thymus, 11,712 ESTs (Expressed Sequence Tags) from 100-day-old porcine thymus (FTY) were sequenced and 7,071 cleaned ESTs were used for gene expression analysis. Clustered by the PHRAP program, 959 contigs and 3,074 singlets were obtained. Blast search showed that 806 contigs and 1,669 singlets (totally 5,442 ESTs) had homologues in GenBank and 1,629 ESTs were novel. According to the Gene Ontology classification, 36.99% ESTs were cataloged into the gene expression group, indicating that although the functional gene (18.78% in defense group) of thymus is expressed in a certain degree, the 100-day-old porcine thymus still exists in a developmental stage. Comparative analysis showed that the gene expression pattern of the 100-day-old porcine thymus is similar to that of the human infant thymus.
Animals ; Computational Biology ; Expressed Sequence Tags ; Fetus ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genetic Variation ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Sus scrofa ; genetics ; metabolism ; Thymus Gland ; metabolism

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients in China.Methods:This retrospective multicenter cohort study enrolled 3 528 consecutive GBC patients diagnosed between January 2010 to December 2017 in 15 hospitals from 10 provinces. There were 1 345 (38.12%) males and 2 183 (61.88%) females.The age of diagnosis was (63.7±10.8) years old (range: 26 to 99 years old) .There were 213 patients (6.04%) in stage 0 to Ⅰ, whereas 1 059 (30.02%) in stage Ⅱ to Ⅲ, 1 874 (53.12%) in stage Ⅳ, and 382 (10.83%) unavailable. Surgery was performed on 2 255 patients (63.92%) . Three hundred and thirty-six patients received chemotherapy or radiotherapy (9.52%; of which 172 were palliative); 1 101 (31.21%) received only supportive treatment.The patient source, treatment and surgery, pathology, concomitant gallstone, and prognosis were analyzed.Results:Among the 3 528 GBC patients, 959 (27.18%) were from East China, 603 (17.09%) from East-North China, 1 533 (43.45%) from Central China, and 433(12.27%) from West China. Among the 1 578 resectable tumor, 665 (42.14%) underwent radical surgery, 913 (57.86%) underwent surgery that failed to follow the guidelines.Eight hundred and ninety-one (56.46%) patients were diagnosed before surgery, 254 (16.10%) during surgery, and 381 (24.14%) after surgery (time point of diagnosis couldn′t be determined in 52 patients) .Among the 1 578 patients with resectable tumor, 759 (48.10%) had concomitant gallstone.Among the 665 patients underwent radical surgery, 69 (10.4%) showed positive resection margin, 510 (76.7%) showed negative resection margin, and 86 (12.9%) unreported margin status.The 5-year overall survival rate (5yOS) for the 3 528-patient cohort was 23.0%.The 5yOS for patients with resectable tumor was 39.6%, for patients with stage ⅣB tumor without surgery was 5.4%, and for patients with stage ⅣB tumor underwent palliative surgery was 4.7%.Conclusions:More than half GBC patients in China are diagnosed in stage Ⅳ.Curative intent surgery is valuable in improving prognosis of resectable GBC.The treatment of GBC needs further standardization.Effective comprehensive treatment for GBC is in urgent need.