[A Review] The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional bowel disorder,and its pathogenesis remains unclear. Serotonin is thought to be an important brain-gut axis neurotransmitter,which plays an important role in the gastrointestinal motility,sensation and secretion. Serotonin is closely associatied with IBS and regarded as one of the therapeutic targets. This article reviews the related investigations in the recent years.

In this work, polyelectrolyte microcapsules containing gold nanoparticles were prepared via layer by layer assembly. Gold nanoparticles and poly (allyamine hydrochloride) (PAH) were coated on the CaCO3 microparticles. And then EDTA was used to remove the CaCO3 core. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to characterize the surface of microcapsules. SEM images indicate that the microcapsules and the polyelectrolyte multilayer were deposited on the surface of CaCO3 microparticles. FITC-bovine serum albumin (FITC-BSA, 2 mg) was incorporated in the CaCO3 microparticles by co-precipitation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to observe the fluorescence intensity of microcapsules. The encapsulation efficiency was (34.31 +/- 2.44) %. The drug loading was (43.75 +/- 3.12) mg g(-1).

AIM: To study the effect of peach seed (semen Persicae) on gene expression of mouse with sarcoma 180 by means of DNA microarray. METHODS: DNA microarrays were made by spotting PCR products of 4096 mice cDNA noto a specially treated glass slides. The probes were prepared by labeling experimental and control group tumor tissue mRNA with Cy3 dUTP and Cy5 dUTP separately through reverse transcription. The arrays were then hybridized against the cDNA probe mixture and the fluorescent signals were scanned. The data obtained were analyzed from two repeated experiments. RESULTS: 64 genes were obtained by computer processing. CONCLUSION: These genes identified through this approach are considered as potential candidates for PSPA anti tumor effect.

Objective To probe into the medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai, discovering measures and suggestions for improvement Methods Such methods as onsite inspection and questionnaires were called into play to study the practice of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in 68 secondary and tertiary hospitals. Results Such three disciplines in the 68 hospitals have in total 3288 beds, 1142 medical practitioners, 19 assistant medical practitioners, and 1983 nurses. In 10 of the 68 hospitals, the medical space for these disciplines is non-standard; In 3 hospitals, personnel use is non-standard in general; 8% of the medical records are incompliant in generals 15% of the prescriptions are incompliant in general. Conclusion Medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai is found to be legally compliant in general. However, there exist defects in medical space, personnel use, as well as medical records and prescriptions. In this regard, enhanced management and inspection are recommended.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of recombinant human interleukin-11 (rnIL-11) in the treatment of thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy in patients with solid tumor.Methods Solid tumor patients whose PLT count was lower than 50 × 109/L from December 2010 to December 2012 in PLA general hospital of Chengdu Commond were studied.They were divided into two groups randomly.The observed group was given subcutaneous injection of recombinant human interleukin-11 (Ⅰ) at the dose of 25 g · kg-1 · d-1,until the PLT rising subsolute value was more than 50 × 109/L.The control group was given usual treatment.The vital signs,hepatorenal function,coagulation function and cardio-pulmonary function of the patients were recorded during the whole process of treatment.Results The patients after chemotherapy had the platelet lowest average of (27.4 ± 7.6) × 109/L,and the average of the control group was (28.1 ± 7.9) × 109/L.The difference was not statistically significant (t =1.083,P ＞ 0.05),but treatment after the observation of elevated had the platelet highest average of (116.3 ± 22.8) × 109/L,which was significantly higher than that of (76.2 ± 21.3) × 109/L; the difference was significant (t =21.092,P ＜ 0.05).Platelets of patients in the observation group were ＜50 × 109/L for several days with an average of (4.3 ± 1.7) d,while platelets rose from the lowest value of the average absolute value greater than 50 000 hours (6.8 ± 2.4) d,shorter than the control group.By comparing the two groups,the differences were significant (t =11.347,P ＜ 0.05 ; t =15.196,P ＜ 0.05).Two groups of patients can tolerate adverse reactions.Ⅲ,Ⅳ degree of adverse reaction was not observed.Conclusion This study shows that rhIL-11 is well tolerated and has thrombopoietic activity in the treatment of thrombocytopenia.

Background Pterygium is one of the common ocular surface disorders,and the main drugs for pterygium include dexamethasone (DXM),interferon α-2b (IFN-α2b),mitomycin C (MMC),5-fluorouracil (5-FU),cyclosporin A (CsA) and tacrolimus (FKS06).However,the efficacy of these drugs on the fibroblasts from recurrence pterygium is unelucidated.Objective This study was to compare the efficacy of DXM,IFN-o2b,MMC,5-FU,CsA and FK506 on proliferation and apoptosis of recurrent pterygium-derived fibroblasts in vitro.Methods The specimens of recurrence pterygium were collected during surgery in Tianjin Medical University Ophthalmological Hospital from May 2015 to July 2016 under the written informed consent.Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured by explant culture method and identified by immunochemistry.DXM,IFN-α2b,MMC,5-FU,CsA and FK506 were added into the medium for 48 hours,respectively,and the cells cultured without drug were used as the control group.The inhibitory efficiency of different concentrations of DXM,IFN-α2b,MMC,5-FU,CsA and FK506 on the cell proliferation was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8),and 50％ inhibiting concentration (IC50) of the drugs was calculated.The cells were treated by the IC50 dose of drugs for 48 hours,and cell apoptotic proportion and cell cycle were assessed by flow cytometry analysis.The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the cells after treated by drugs was detected by immunochemistry.Results Cultured cells grew well with the fusiform shape and radial arrangement.Vimentine showed the positive expression and keratin was absently expressed in the cells.The IC50 to the cells was (3.5×103±2.83×10-2)mg/L,(6.1×102±3.6×10-3)mg/L,(3.2×10-1±1×10-4)mg/L,(2.2× 101 ± 1.2× 10-3) mg/L,(6.3 × 101 ±2.5 × 10-3) mg/L and (6.0× 101 ± 0.0× 100) mg/L in the DXM,IFN-α2b,MMC,5-FU,CsA and FK506,respectively.In the 48 hours after treated by the IC50 drugs,the apoptotic ratio was (35.00± 3.21)％,(30.37±1.67)％,(26.11±0.75)％,(22.01±0.07)％,(20.95±1.68)％ and (19.85±0.52)％ in the IFN-α2b group,CsA group,MMC group,FK506 group,DXM group and 5-FU group,which was significantly higher than (11.38±2.18) ％ in the control group (all at P＜0.05).The cell proportion of G0/G1 phase,S phase and G2/M phase was (85.64±2.62)％,(5.29±1.56)％ and (2.73-±2.66)％ in the control group,and the cell proportion of G0/G1 phase was reduced,while that of S phase or G2/M phase was considerably increased in various drug groups (all at P＜0.05),with the blocking efficiency of cell cycle was in turn MMC,CsA,5-FU,DXM,IFN-α2b and FK506.The expressional rate of PCNA in the cells was (95.00 ± 2.00) ％,(82.67 ± 5.04) ％,(80.00 ± 2.78) ％,(64.00± 6.55)％,(38.00±3.00)％,(32.00±4.36)％ and (29.67±3.02)％ in the control group,FK506 group,DXM group,5-FU group,IFN-α2b group,CsA group and MMC group,showing a significant difference among the groups (F=25.995,P＜0.01),and the expressional rate of PCNA was significant lower in various drug groups than that in the control group (all at P＜0.05).Conclusions DXM,IFN-α2b,MMC,5-FU,CsA and FK506 are all able to inhibit the proliferation and promote the apoptosis of recurrent pterygium-derived fibroblasts in vitro,and MMC and CsA appear to have a stronger effect.

Objective To research the significance of application of clinical nursing pathway in patients undertaking glossectomy and forearm flap reconstruction.Methods Sixty patients with tongue cancer who undertook glossectomy and forearm flap reconstruction were enrolled.The patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group (30 cases in each group).The patients of the experimental group received nursing following clinical nursing pathway,and the patients in the control group received routine nursing service.The patients and doctors satisfaction evaluation were compared between the two groups with a self-designed nursing quality evaluation form.The qualities of care achieved in 2 groups were compared.Results It took less in-ward time and expenditure in the experimental group compared with the control group.The quality of care,the satisfactory degree of patients and doctors in the exipermental group were significantly higher than those of the control group.Conclusions The establishment and application of the clinical nursing pathway in patients undertaking glossectomy and forearm flap reconstrucition contributes to improve the satisfaction of patients and doctors and the quality of nursing service.

The traditional clinical trail designs always depend on expert opinions and lack statistical evaluations. In this article, we present a method and illustrate how population parameter uncertainty may be incorporated in the overall simulation model. Using the techniques of clinical trail simulation (CTS) and setting up predictions on the basis of pharmacokinetics-pharmacodynamics (PK-PD) models, we advance the modeling methods for simulation, for treatment effects, and for the clinical trail power under the given PK-PD conditions. Then we discuss the model of uncertainty, suggest an ANOVA-based method, add eta2 statistics for sensitivity analysis, and canvass the effect of uncertainty about population parameters on clinical trail power. The results from simulations and the indices derived from this type of sensitivity analysis may be used for grading the influence on the prediction quality of uncertainty about different population parameters. The experiment results are satisfactory and the approach presented has practical value in clinical trails.
Algorithms ; Clinical Trials as Topic ; methods ; Computer Simulation ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Humans ; Models, Biological ; Monte Carlo Method ; Pharmacokinetics ; Pharmacology ; Uncertainty

The fruit of Ziziphus jujuba was known as fine quality in the Shennong's Herbal. It is sweet in taste and mild in property with the effect of regulating the middle, invigorating the spleen, assisting twelve meridians, harmonizing stomach-qi, unclogging nine orifices, and moderating hundreds of herbs. In recent years, the efficacies of Ziziphus jujuba have been widely studied with considerable meaningful achievements. In this article, main research progresses in recent ten years were reviewed, which included resources, chemical components and pharmacological effects of Ziziphus jujuba. The research and development of medication, health care product and food with Ziziphus jujuba as its main ingredient were summarized for further references in related studies.

Neurodegenerative diseases are threating our health seriously.Inflammation plays an important role in the initiation and development of neurodegenerative diseases, and its primary characteristics are the activation of microglia and the increasing level of inflammation cytokines.This review describes the relationship between neuroinflammation and several neurodegenerative diseases, and the models in vivo and in vitro.In addition, combining with traditional Chinese medicines knowledge of encephalopathy, we summarizes pharmacological effects and mechanisms of multiple herb extracts and monomer compounds in preventing the activation of microglia and inhibiting neuroinflammation, thus, to provide the basis for gradually revealing the related rules and characteristics of treating encephalopathy by traditional Chinese medicine, and improving the accuracy of the clinical drugs, as well as developing new drugs for the prevention and control of encephalopathy.