Background and purpose:There are emerging evidences show that cytokines can mediate the expression and function of chemokines. CXC chemokine ligand 17 (CXCL17) is the latest member in CXC chemokine superfamily, which was identiifed in 2006. It may be involved in anti-tumor immune response. As a mucosal chemokine, CXCL17 was also proved to have anti-inlfammatory and anti-microbial effects. The purpose of this study was to ifgure out which cytokine can impact the expression of CXCL17. Methods:Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of CXCL17 in MCF-10A after cytokines stimulation, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IFN-γand lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Western blot was used to detect the activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in MCF-10A after IFN-γinduction. Results:All tested cytokines can induce CXCL17 gene expression to varying degrees. However, the effect of IFN-γwas much more powerful by contrast with others. It can enhance the CXCL17 gene expression by about 100-fold. Western blot indicated that IFN-γcan stimulate the expression and phosphorylation of STAT1 in JAK-STAT pathway. Conclusion:Several cytokines can induce the expression of CXCL17 by breast epithelial cells, while IFN-γdramatically increased the expression of it via a JAK-STAT1-dependent pathway. CXCL17 may be the target gene of IFN-γ.

Objective To investigate the changes of follicular regulatory T cells ( Tfr cells) and follicular T helper cells ( Tfh cells) in peripheral blood of children with myasthenia gravis ( MG) . Methods We recruited 28 MG patients and 20 healthy subjects in this study. The percentages of Tfh and Tfr cells in peripheral blood samples were measured by flow cytometry. Real-time PCR was performed to detect the ex-pression of transcription factors and regulatory factors of Bcl-6, c-MAF, Blimp-1 and PD-1 at mRNA level. ELISA was used to detect the levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-21 in plasma samples and the titers of Ach-Rab and PsMab. Results Compared with the healthy subjects, the MG patients showed higher percentages of Tfh cells and lower percentages of Tfr cells before receiving treatment. The expression of Bcl-6 and c-MAF on CD4+T lymphocytes cells at transcriptional level were significantly enhanced, while the expression of Blimp-1 on CD4+T cells and the expression of PD-1 on Treg cells at transcriptional level were inhibited in the MG patients in comparison with those in healthy subjects. Moreover, decreased levels of IL-2 and increased levels of IL-21 were found in plasma samples collected from the MG patients. Conclusion The decreased percentages of Tfr cells and increased percentages of Tfh cells in patients with MG resulted in abnormal ratios of Tfr/Tfh cells, which might be involved in the immunological pathogenesis of MG. Several changes in the patients with MG might be responsible for the imbalanced ratio of Tfr/Tfh cells, which included changes of IL-2 and IL-21 in microenvironment, enhanced expression of Bcl-6 and c-MAF at mRNA level and inhibited expression of Blimp-1 at mRNA level on CD4+T cells as well as over-expression of PD-1 at mRNA level on Treg cells.

Objective To evaluate the application of multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA, 15-locus set)for genotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains of Beijing genotype. Methods Total 72 Beijing genotype MTB strains obtained from Beijing Thoracic Hospital were genotyped by MLVA (15-locus set). The results were compared with that generated from "gold standard"IS6110-RFLP. Results After genotyped by MLVA ( 15-locus set), 72 strains were grouped into 59 types,of which 53 were unique types. The Hunter-Gaston index (HGI) of MLVA ( 15-locus set) was 0.990. The loci QUB-11b, Mtub 21 and QUB-26 were polymorphic in selected Beijing genotype strains. Genotyping by IS6110-RFLP generated 69 types, of which 66 were unique types. The HGI of IS6110-RFLP was up to 0.999, and the MLVA (15-locus set) clustered strains could be further subdivided. Conclusion MLVA(15-locus set) showed better discriminatory ability in Beijing genotype MTB strains, though secondary typing of clustered strains by IS6110-RFLP is needed.

Objective To explore the clinical features of chronic granulomatous diseases and Mcleod syndrome caused by continuous X chromosome deletion. Methods The clinical data of two children diagnosed as chronic granulomatous disease and Mcleod syndrome by gene detection were retrospectively analyzed. Results Two males, 4 year 1 month and 1 year 9 month old, were both hospitalized due to persistent pulmonary infections. Both of them had a history of repeated severe infections and BCG vaccine associated lymphadenitis, and were diagnosed as X-linked chronic granulomatous disease for respiratory burst defects and deletion of all CYBB exons. Both of them had retarded motor development, and were diagnosed as DMD for detection of DMD gene exons and muscle speciifc promoter region and exon 1-2 deletion by MLPA. One case was found with obvious echinocytes, the other case showed whole exons deletion of XK gene. Both of them were diagnosed as Mcleod syndrome. Conclusion Continuous X chromosome deletion could lead to combination of Mcleod syndrome, DMD, and X-CGD, which may complicate the condition. Due to the lack of Kx antigen, repeated common blood transfusion can produce relative antibody, which lead to severe hemolytic crisis.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of prulifloxacin capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin capsules.METHODS:A total of 12 healthy adult subjects were randomly grouped by 3? 3 Latin square,who were assigned to receive oral single dose of 132,264 and 528mg prulifloxacin capsules and multiple doses of 264mg prulifloxacin capsule for 6 days in succession.The blood concentration of NM394-the metabolite of Prulifloxacin was determined by HPLC at different time after oral administration of Prulifloxacin.The simulation and fitting,and computation of parameters were performed using DAS ver1.0 software.RESULTS:All 12 subjects had completed single oral administration test,with no adverse drug reactions appeared during the test.No prulifloxacin but its metabolite-NM394 was identified in the blood sample of subjects.The high,medium and low dosage groups were all fitted two-compartment model.The pharmacokinetics fitted first order kinetics process without gender difference.There was no accumulation and pharmacokinetic parameters change after multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin,suggesting prulifloxacin had no self-enzyme inhibition or induction.CONCLUSION:The established method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and it can meet the requirement of clinical pharmacokinetic trial.Its parameters are in line with literature reported abroad,with no gender difference among Chinese adults.

Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Sarcoma, Alveolar Soft Part ; diagnosis

0.05)in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between the domestic preparation and the imported preparation,which suggests they are bioequivalent.

Communication with the family members of donors is an integral part of the organ donation and transplantation, and the core of it lies in building trust through interpersonal communication. Every word and deed from the communicator will directly affect the overall impression of family members of potential donors towards organ donation. Regardless of whether or not granted the donation ultimately, family members may share their personal experiences and feelings with friends and relatives around them, which develops a secondary dissemination. Therefore, "the choice of best candidate for communication with family members of organ donation" has been an issue that organ donation practitioners have been working on in clinical practice. Taking into consideration of the experiences from different countries or regions, various advices and practices on this issue have been proposed due to differences in social systems, cultural background, organizational structure, clinical practice, etc. In this paper, we had a discussion on this topic, summarize the difficulties currently encountered in communication with family members and propose corresponding strategies.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and influencing factors of allo-HSCT in the treatment of MDS patients with ASXL1+.Methods The second-generation sequencing technique was used to detect 22 gene mutations in 247 newly diagnosed MDS patients in our hospital.The patients were divided into chemotherapy group and transplant group according to treatment style.The differences of OS and PFS between the two groups were compared,and the influencing factors of prognosis of transplant patients were analyzed.Results ASXL1+ was detected in 75 patients(30.36%),with a median mutation ratio of 42.93(18.10,58.39)%,10 received supportive treatment,43 received demethylation therapy or demethylation combined with pre-excitation therapy,and 22 received allo-HSCT.2-year PFS rate and OS rate of transplantation group were significantly higher than that of chemotherapy group(P<0.05).The 2-year OS rate in the low ASXL1 mutation load group(VAF≤42.93%)was significantly higher than that in the high ASXL1 mutation load group(VAF>42.93%)(P<0.05).In the context of allo-HSCT in patients with ASXL1+,2-year OS and PFS rates were significantly reduced in patients with RUNX1+ or ASXL1+(P<0.05);Multivariate analysis showed that high mutation load of ASXL1 or U2AF1+ were independent risk factors for OS in transplant patient(P<0.05).U2AF1+ were the risk factors for PFS(P<0.05).Conclusion allo-HSCT significantly improved the prognosis of patients with ASXL1+ MDS.High ASXL1 mutation load or U2AF1+ were independent risk factors affecting the outcome of allo-HSCT.

Atherosclerosis (As) is an important pathological basis of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The pathogenesis studies of As have been a hot topic in the field of vascular biology research. The inflammation is known as a major participant in the development process of As. And monocyte-macrophage plays a central role in inflam-mation. In recent years, with the deepening research on inflammatory mechanisms, the As macrophage polarization is attracting researchers' attention. Under different environmental inductions, macrophages develop into M1 and M2 phenotypes. M1 macrophages (classical type), which can stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, is generally considered as pro-inflammatory subtypes and can facilitate the progress of As. Whereas, M2 macrophages (alternative type), which can inhibit pro-inflammatory factor production, function as anti-inflammatory subtypes and likely to inhibit the progression of As. The mechanisms of As, macrophage polarization in As, and opportunities for herbal medicines will be summarized in this review.