BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that astrocytes participate not only in the passive metabolic and structural support, but also actively in the central nervous system information processing. OBJECTIVE:By observing the directionality and specificity of astrocyte fiber growth and synapse formation, to explore the possible mechanisms of astrocytes and neurons in the interaction. METHODS: Primary cels from the hippocampi of green fluorescent protein transgenic newborn mice were isolated and cultured, glial fibrilary acidic protein was used as specific marker for astrocytes in immunofluorescence staining, and then the results were observed and scanned by confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The elongation of astrocyte fibers was directional and specific, and terminated to the pyramidal cels nearby. The end of astrocyte fibers and pyramidal cels contributed to the synapse formation. However, not al the projections were toward the adjacent cels, and synapse-like structure was not only formed nearby. The results implicated that both astrocytes fiber elongation and synapse formation have the directionality and specificity, providing evidence for further studies on signal transduction between astrocytes and pyramidal cels.

Objective To probe into the medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai, discovering measures and suggestions for improvement Methods Such methods as onsite inspection and questionnaires were called into play to study the practice of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in 68 secondary and tertiary hospitals. Results Such three disciplines in the 68 hospitals have in total 3288 beds, 1142 medical practitioners, 19 assistant medical practitioners, and 1983 nurses. In 10 of the 68 hospitals, the medical space for these disciplines is non-standard; In 3 hospitals, personnel use is non-standard in general; 8% of the medical records are incompliant in generals 15% of the prescriptions are incompliant in general. Conclusion Medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai is found to be legally compliant in general. However, there exist defects in medical space, personnel use, as well as medical records and prescriptions. In this regard, enhanced management and inspection are recommended.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) under virtual bronchoscopic navigation (Direct Path), endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (GS) and rapid on-site evaluation using an ultrathin bronchoscopy (UNRE) for bacterial infection located in the peripheral third of the lung field. Methods Ninety-seven patients with bacterial infection, which located in the peripheral third of the lung field on CT images, were ran-domly assigned to UNRE (n=49) or non-UNRE (NUNRE, n=48) groups, who were treated in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015. The TBLB guided by UNRE was performed in two groups. The diagnostic yield, safety and complication rate were compared between two groups. Moreover, the differences of autofluo-rescence intensity of alveolar macrophage in alveolar lavage fluid were compared between two groups of patients. Results The diagnostic yield was significantly higher in UNRE group than that of NUNRE group (81.6% vs 56.2%, χ2=7.313, P <0.01). The diagnostic yield was higher in UNRE group with bronchus sign compared to that of NUNRE. All patients had a mild bleeding at the time of biopsy. There were no hemoptysis, pneumothorax or other serious complications. The autofluores-cence intensity of alveolar macrophage was different in different levels of infection in patients. Conclusion The procedure of UNRE has higher diagnostic rate and fewer complications. The careful selection of suitable cases can further improve the diagnostic accuracy. The autofluorescence intensity of alveolar macrophage in alveolar lavage fluid indicates the severity of infection in patients.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of early intervention of acupuncture on urinary function reconstruction of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, so as to find the optimal treatment timing of acupuncture.

METHODSFifty-three patients of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a prior-to-catheter group (25 cases) and a posterior-to-catheter group (28 cases). For the prior-to-catheter group, one week before the removal of catheter, acupoints on the abdomen and back such as Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Baliao (Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33), Xialiao (BL 34), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and acupoints at distal end such as Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected; after the catheter removal, simple method. of water column was used to measure bladder capacity pressure to classify the type of bladder, and then different acupuncture manipulations were given; intermittent catheterization was performed if condition was allowed. The posterior-to-catheter group applied identical treatment after removal of catheter as the prior-to-catheter group. The treatment was given 5 times per week; after one-month treatment, five aspects including the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine, time of residual urine less than 100 mL and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine and time of residual urineless than 100 mL in the prior-to-catheter group were all superior to those in the posterior-to-catheter group (all P<0. 05) ; the score of QOL was improved in two groups after treatment (both P<0. 01), but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05); each index of urination function was not significant among patients with different injured segments of spinal cord (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of acupuncture (prior to catheter) has obvious improving function on establishing balanced bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, which is superior to acupuncture intervention after removal of catheter, however, the effects of different injured segments on establishing balanced bladder are not different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

Objective: To analyze the association between recombinant solute carrier family 11, member 1 ( SLC11A1 ) rs17235409 polymorphism and treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered for treatment at the Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2019 was recruited and collected demographic, clinical and treatment information from National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. The polymorphism of SLC11A1 rs17235409 was detected by multiple ligase chain reaction and Hardy-Weinberg balance test was performed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for the association between rs17235409 and the treatment outcome of tuberculosis. Results: A total of 731 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled, and 37 cases failed, with a failure rate of 5.06%. The failure rate of the patients with G/A was 8.55%, with G/G was 4.23%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with G/A were more likely to fail in the treatment than those with G/G ( OR=2.213, 95%CI: 1.041-4.702 ). The males with G/A were more likely to fail in the treatment than those with G/G ( OR=2.547, 95%CI: 1.021-6.356 ). Conclusion The rs17235409 polymorphism of SLC11A1 is associated with the failure of tuberculosis treatment, and the patients with G/A are more likely to fail.

0.05)in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between the domestic preparation and the imported preparation,which suggests they are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of prulifloxacin capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin capsules.METHODS:A total of 12 healthy adult subjects were randomly grouped by 3? 3 Latin square,who were assigned to receive oral single dose of 132,264 and 528mg prulifloxacin capsules and multiple doses of 264mg prulifloxacin capsule for 6 days in succession.The blood concentration of NM394-the metabolite of Prulifloxacin was determined by HPLC at different time after oral administration of Prulifloxacin.The simulation and fitting,and computation of parameters were performed using DAS ver1.0 software.RESULTS:All 12 subjects had completed single oral administration test,with no adverse drug reactions appeared during the test.No prulifloxacin but its metabolite-NM394 was identified in the blood sample of subjects.The high,medium and low dosage groups were all fitted two-compartment model.The pharmacokinetics fitted first order kinetics process without gender difference.There was no accumulation and pharmacokinetic parameters change after multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin,suggesting prulifloxacin had no self-enzyme inhibition or induction.CONCLUSION:The established method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and it can meet the requirement of clinical pharmacokinetic trial.Its parameters are in line with literature reported abroad,with no gender difference among Chinese adults.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tumor.It has attracted much attention in recent years and become a targeted therapy of precision medical era′s most successful examples. Surgical operation has always been one of the main ways to treat gastric GIST. The surgical methods are multiplex, the skills are complex and the application of laparoscopy is controversial. In combination with recent studies, a brief review is made on the surgical indications, surgical principles and surgical methods of gastric GIST.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate if the DFNB59 gene contributes to the hearing loss of a Chinese pedigree with dominantly inherited auditory neuropathy (AN). METHOD: Nine members in four generations of the family were selected for this study. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral leukocytes of the patients using the pure gene DNA isolation kits. Firstly, the subjects DNA fragment was PCR amplified using specific primers corresponding to exon 2 and 4 of the DFNB59 gene. Each fragment was purified and subsequently analyzed by direct sequencing in an applied biosystems 3730 automated DNA sequencer. The whole coding sequence of DFNB59 gene of one family patient were then PCR amplified and submitted for sequence analysis as described above. The resultant sequence data were compared with the standard sequence to identify deafness-associated mutations. RESULT: PCR amplifications were successfully conducted in all the subjects. We failed to detect the presence either of mutations T54I and R183W in the exon 2 and exon 4 that have been reported, or any other deafness-associated mutations in the whole DFNB59 gene, by sequence analysis. CONCLUSION The DFNB59 gene seems not contribute to the pathogenesis of this Chinese AN family, which suggesting new gene(s) involvement.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Base Sequence ; DNA Primers ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mutation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; genetics ; Pedigree ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Vestibulocochlear Nerve Diseases ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: Three genes including the OTOF, the DFNB59 and the DIAPH3 have been implicated previously in human non-syndromic auditory neuropathy. In this study, we aim to investigate whether DIAPH3 gene or the known deafness loci of 25 cloned autosomal dominant deafness (DFNA) genes contribute to the nonsyndromic hearing loss of a Chinese pedigree with dominantly inherited auditory neuropathy (AN). METHOD: Nine members of the kernal pedigree in this family were selected. Genomic DNA was isolated from the peripheral leukocytes of the subjects using the Puregene DNA Isolation Kits. Firstly, the 5'UTR of DIAPH3 gene was PCR amplified in all subjects. Then, the DNA fragments spanning the entire coding regions of DIAPH3, GJB2 and GJB3 genes, and 50 exons in other 23 cloned DFNA genes were amplified using specific primers. Each fragment was purified and analyzed by direct sequencing. The resultant sequence data were compared with the standard sequence to identify deafness-associated mutations. RESULT: PCR amplifications were successfully conducted. We failed to detect the presence either of c. --172G > A mutation in the 5'UTR that have been reported, or any other deafness-associated mutations in the whole DIAPH3 gene, by sequence analysis. We also did not find any known deafness-causing mutations among the 25 cloned DFNA genes. CONCLUSION The DIAPH3 gene, and the known deafness loci of 25 cloned DFNA genes seem not contribute to the pathogenesis of this Chinese AN family in this study, which suggesting new gene(s) involvement.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ; genetics ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Connexins ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Deafness ; Exons ; Hearing Loss ; Hearing Loss, Central ; genetics ; Hearing Loss, Sensorineural ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Pedigree ; Polymerase Chain Reaction