BACKGROUND:Studies have shown that astrocytes participate not only in the passive metabolic and structural support, but also actively in the central nervous system information processing. OBJECTIVE:By observing the directionality and specificity of astrocyte fiber growth and synapse formation, to explore the possible mechanisms of astrocytes and neurons in the interaction. METHODS: Primary cels from the hippocampi of green fluorescent protein transgenic newborn mice were isolated and cultured, glial fibrilary acidic protein was used as specific marker for astrocytes in immunofluorescence staining, and then the results were observed and scanned by confocal microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The elongation of astrocyte fibers was directional and specific, and terminated to the pyramidal cels nearby. The end of astrocyte fibers and pyramidal cels contributed to the synapse formation. However, not al the projections were toward the adjacent cels, and synapse-like structure was not only formed nearby. The results implicated that both astrocytes fiber elongation and synapse formation have the directionality and specificity, providing evidence for further studies on signal transduction between astrocytes and pyramidal cels.

Objective To probe into the medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai, discovering measures and suggestions for improvement Methods Such methods as onsite inspection and questionnaires were called into play to study the practice of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in 68 secondary and tertiary hospitals. Results Such three disciplines in the 68 hospitals have in total 3288 beds, 1142 medical practitioners, 19 assistant medical practitioners, and 1983 nurses. In 10 of the 68 hospitals, the medical space for these disciplines is non-standard; In 3 hospitals, personnel use is non-standard in general; 8% of the medical records are incompliant in generals 15% of the prescriptions are incompliant in general. Conclusion Medical practicing of neurosurgery, thoracic surgery, and cardiac and great vessels surgery in Shanghai is found to be legally compliant in general. However, there exist defects in medical space, personnel use, as well as medical records and prescriptions. In this regard, enhanced management and inspection are recommended.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of early intervention of acupuncture on urinary function reconstruction of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, so as to find the optimal treatment timing of acupuncture.

METHODSFifty-three patients of neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury were randomly divided into a prior-to-catheter group (25 cases) and a posterior-to-catheter group (28 cases). For the prior-to-catheter group, one week before the removal of catheter, acupoints on the abdomen and back such as Guanyuan (CV 4), Zhongji (CV 3), Baliao (Shangliao (BL 31), Ciliao (BL 32), Zhongliao (BL 33), Xialiao (BL 34), Jiaji (EX-B 2) and acupoints at distal end such as Zusanli (ST 36) and Sanyinjiao (SP 6) were selected; after the catheter removal, simple method. of water column was used to measure bladder capacity pressure to classify the type of bladder, and then different acupuncture manipulations were given; intermittent catheterization was performed if condition was allowed. The posterior-to-catheter group applied identical treatment after removal of catheter as the prior-to-catheter group. The treatment was given 5 times per week; after one-month treatment, five aspects including the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine, time of residual urine less than 100 mL and quality of life (QOL) were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the time of first effective urination, time of establishing reflex urination, average residual volume of urine and time of residual urineless than 100 mL in the prior-to-catheter group were all superior to those in the posterior-to-catheter group (all P<0. 05) ; the score of QOL was improved in two groups after treatment (both P<0. 01), but the difference between two groups was not statistically significant (P>0. 05); each index of urination function was not significant among patients with different injured segments of spinal cord (all P>0. 05).

CONCLUSIONThe early intervention of acupuncture (prior to catheter) has obvious improving function on establishing balanced bladder in patients with neurogenic bladder after spinal cord injury, which is superior to acupuncture intervention after removal of catheter, however, the effects of different injured segments on establishing balanced bladder are not different.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; complications ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder ; physiopathology ; Urinary Bladder, Neurogenic ; etiology ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urination ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic yield and safety of transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) under virtual bronchoscopic navigation (Direct Path), endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (GS) and rapid on-site evaluation using an ultrathin bronchoscopy (UNRE) for bacterial infection located in the peripheral third of the lung field. Methods Ninety-seven patients with bacterial infection, which located in the peripheral third of the lung field on CT images, were ran-domly assigned to UNRE (n=49) or non-UNRE (NUNRE, n=48) groups, who were treated in General Hospital of Tianjin Medical University between April 1, 2014 and March 31, 2015. The TBLB guided by UNRE was performed in two groups. The diagnostic yield, safety and complication rate were compared between two groups. Moreover, the differences of autofluo-rescence intensity of alveolar macrophage in alveolar lavage fluid were compared between two groups of patients. Results The diagnostic yield was significantly higher in UNRE group than that of NUNRE group (81.6% vs 56.2%, χ2=7.313, P <0.01). The diagnostic yield was higher in UNRE group with bronchus sign compared to that of NUNRE. All patients had a mild bleeding at the time of biopsy. There were no hemoptysis, pneumothorax or other serious complications. The autofluores-cence intensity of alveolar macrophage was different in different levels of infection in patients. Conclusion The procedure of UNRE has higher diagnostic rate and fewer complications. The careful selection of suitable cases can further improve the diagnostic accuracy. The autofluorescence intensity of alveolar macrophage in alveolar lavage fluid indicates the severity of infection in patients.

Objective: To analyze the association between recombinant solute carrier family 11, member 1 ( SLC11A1 ) rs17235409 polymorphism and treatment failure of pulmonary tuberculosis, so as to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods: The patients with pulmonary tuberculosis registered for treatment at the Urumqi Center for Disease Control and Prevention in 2019 was recruited and collected demographic, clinical and treatment information from National Infectious Diseases Reporting System. The polymorphism of SLC11A1 rs17235409 was detected by multiple ligase chain reaction and Hardy-Weinberg balance test was performed. The multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted for the association between rs17235409 and the treatment outcome of tuberculosis. Results: A total of 731 cases of pulmonary tuberculosis patients were enrolled, and 37 cases failed, with a failure rate of 5.06%. The failure rate of the patients with G/A was 8.55%, with G/G was 4.23%. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patients with G/A were more likely to fail in the treatment than those with G/G ( OR=2.213, 95%CI: 1.041-4.702 ). The males with G/A were more likely to fail in the treatment than those with G/G ( OR=2.547, 95%CI: 1.021-6.356 ). Conclusion The rs17235409 polymorphism of SLC11A1 is associated with the failure of tuberculosis treatment, and the patients with G/A are more likely to fail.

0.05)in the main pharmacokinetic parameters between the domestic preparation and the imported preparation,which suggests they are bioequivalent.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of prulifloxacin capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers after single and multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin capsules.METHODS:A total of 12 healthy adult subjects were randomly grouped by 3? 3 Latin square,who were assigned to receive oral single dose of 132,264 and 528mg prulifloxacin capsules and multiple doses of 264mg prulifloxacin capsule for 6 days in succession.The blood concentration of NM394-the metabolite of Prulifloxacin was determined by HPLC at different time after oral administration of Prulifloxacin.The simulation and fitting,and computation of parameters were performed using DAS ver1.0 software.RESULTS:All 12 subjects had completed single oral administration test,with no adverse drug reactions appeared during the test.No prulifloxacin but its metabolite-NM394 was identified in the blood sample of subjects.The high,medium and low dosage groups were all fitted two-compartment model.The pharmacokinetics fitted first order kinetics process without gender difference.There was no accumulation and pharmacokinetic parameters change after multiple oral administration of prulifloxacin,suggesting prulifloxacin had no self-enzyme inhibition or induction.CONCLUSION:The established method is sensitive,accurate,reliable and specific,and it can meet the requirement of clinical pharmacokinetic trial.Its parameters are in line with literature reported abroad,with no gender difference among Chinese adults.

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tumor.It has attracted much attention in recent years and become a targeted therapy of precision medical era′s most successful examples. Surgical operation has always been one of the main ways to treat gastric GIST. The surgical methods are multiplex, the skills are complex and the application of laparoscopy is controversial. In combination with recent studies, a brief review is made on the surgical indications, surgical principles and surgical methods of gastric GIST.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship of mitochondrial DNA mutations with inherited deafness in a maternally inherited pedigree with non-syndromic deafness.

METHODSThe diagnosis was validated by hearing tests. Blood samples were collected from 18 maternal members of the family and 53 controls including 6 paternal members, 7 spouses and 40 unrelated individuals. DNA was extracted from the leukocytes in blood samples. The gene fragments of mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA, tRNA(Ser(UCN)) and GJB2 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR). PCR products were analyzed by sequencing. Computerized 12S rRNA secondary structure modeling was carried out to characterize the mutation found in the family.

RESULTSA novel mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA 709 G to A transition was detected from all maternal members including 8 patients with hearing loss and other 10 symptom-free maternal members. Non-maternal members and other controls did not carry this mutation. In addition, the tRNA(Ser(UCN))A7445G, 12S rRNA A1555G and GJB2 gene mutations were not observed in the study. Computerized modeling showed that this mutation changed the eighth and ninth loop-stem structure of the 12S rRNA secondary structure.

CONCLUSIONIn this family, 8 deaf patients carried the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA 709 G to A mutation, which is highly conservative in healthy adults. It was confirmed that the mitochondrial DNA 12S rRNA gene G709A was associated with non-syndromic inherited hearing loss. The other 10 maternal members carried the mutation, but they did not suffer from deafness, which might suggest that the G709A mutation may cause hearing impairment in combination with a synergistic effect of some other nuclear modifier genes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Base Sequence ; Child ; Connexins ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; chemistry ; genetics ; Deafness ; congenital ; genetics ; Female ; Genomic Imprinting ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Pedigree ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Ribosomal ; chemistry ; genetics ; Young Adult

Objective:To investigate the changes of expressions of NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and downstream factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in serum in the children with asthma, and to explore their significances on assessing the condition of the children.Methods:A total of 176cases of children with asthma were divided into acute exacerbation group (n=91) , chronic persistent group (n=49) and clinical remission group (n=36) according to the clinical manifestation.During the same period, 60healthy children were selected from the outpatient physical examination center as control group.The pulmonary function of children was checked with lung function instrument.The expression levels of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-1 (Caspase-1) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the subjects in various groups were detected by using real-time quantitative PCR.The serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18of the subjects in various groups were detected by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .Results:Compared with control group, the forced expiratory volume in 1second percentage of predicted value (FEV1％) and fixed ratio of forced expiratory volume in the first second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) of the children in acute exacerbation, chronic persistent and clinical remission groups were decreased (P＜0.05) ;acute exacerbation group＜chronic persistent group＜clinical remission group, and there were significant differences between various groups (P＜0.05) .The levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells and serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18in the children with asthma were higher than those in control group (P＜0.01) .The expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of the children in acute exacerbation group were higher than those in chronic persistent and clinical remission groups (P＜0.05) , and the expression levels of NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1mRNA in chronic persistent group were higher than those in clinical remission group (P＜0.05) .Pearson correlation analysis showed that the expression level of NLRP3mRNA in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells of asthmatic children was positively correlated with the expression levels of ASC, Caspase-1 mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC;the expression level of ASC mRNA was positively correlated with the expression level of Caspase-1mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) ;the expression level of Caspase-1 mRNA was positively correlated with the expression level of Caspase-1mRNA and the serum levels of IL-1βand IL-18 (P＜0.05) , while it was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) ;the serum level of IL-1βwas negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) , and the serum level of IL-18was negatively correlated with FEV1％and FEV1/FVC (P＜0.05) .Conclusion:The expression levels of NLRP3inflammasome and the downstream factor IL-1βand IL-18in peripheral blood of the children with asthma are increased, and they are related to the clinical stage of the children with asthma.NLRP3inflammasome pathway might promote the pathogenesis of asthma in the children.