The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of storage conditions,pretreatment,temperature,time and excystation solutions on in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.Cryptosporidium andersoni oocyst was used as a model and the results showed that 0.5% sodium hypochlorite could enhance the excystation rates.But there was no significant difference compared with oocysts untreated by sodium hypochlorite(P＞0.05).0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate and 1% bile solution could urge the excystation of oocysts,which were significantly different compared with the excystation rate of oocysts in 0.25% trypsin solution or in PBS(P<0.05).The excystation rates of oocysts in acidic water (pH =3) were similar with the rates in PBS (pH =7.2) but significantly different from the rates in alkaline water (pH =9) (P<0.01).Additionally,the excystation rate of oocysts in water of 24℃ was significantly lower than in water of 37℃(P<0.01),and the excystation rate of oocysts raised gradually at 37℃ with the passage of time.It's concluded that temperature,acidity and excystation solution were vital factors for the in vitro excystation of Cryptosporidium oocyst.A higher excystation rate could be observed when oocysts were pretreated with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and treated with 0.75% synthetic sodium taurocholate at 37℃ for 3 hours.

Objective To evaluate the objective sleep status of patients with chronic insomnia by cardiopulmonary coupling (CPC) technique, and evaluate the characteristics of cognitive dysfunction to explore the correlation between objective sleep and cognitive dysfunction in patients with chronic insomnia. Methods Forty-three patients with chronic insomnia, admitted to our hospital from October 2017 to April 2019, were enrolled in our study;15 age-, gender-and education-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as control group. All subjects followed their daily routine at home and completed CPC examination. Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Auditory Vocabulary Learning Test (AVLT), Trail Making Test (TMT) and Stroop Color Word Test were used to evaluate the general and single cognitive functions, respectively. The correlation of objective sleep with cognitive function was analyzed. Results (1) As compared with those in the control group, high frequency coupling (stable sleep) ratio was significantly decreased, low frequency coupling (un-stable sleep) ratio and extremely low frequency coupling (rapid-eye-movement sleep/waking) ratio were significantly increased, and latency of high frequency coupling was significantly prolonged in chronic insomnia group (P<0.05). (2) Chronic insomnia group had significantly lower MoCA total scores than control group (P<0.05), specifically manifested as decrement of visuospatial ability and execution and attention abilities; specific cognitive test showed that chronic insomnia group performed worse in immediate recall, and had delayed recall of AVLT, longer time consumption in TMT-B, smaller number of wired arrival numbers, and longer time consumption in Stroop color word test than the control group, with significant differences (P<0.05). (3) There was a correlation between CPC sleep structure and Cognitive Function Scale scores in patients with chronic insomnia. Conclusion In patients with chronic insomnia, stable sleep is reduced, un-stable sleep and rapid-eye-movement sleep/waking are increased; the impaired cognition domains are visual space and executive function, attention and memory; disturbed sleep structure aggravates the memory and execution impairment of patients with chronic insomnia.