BACKGROUND: The implantation of electronic devices has become the preferred treatment tor symptomatic bradyarrhythmias.However,there are many shortcomings in electronic pacemakers.The usage of molecular biology principle to develop biological pacemaker has become a topic of discussion in research.When sinoatrial node is lnhlblted,pacemaker effect runs by transfecting hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated(HCN)channel gene of If current,overexprcssing HCN,and increasing inward current in diastolic phase of the heart.Construction of biological pacemakefs by gene therapy and cell therapy may become an optimal substitute of electronic pacemakers in the near future.OBJECTIVE:To sum up the research advancement in application of HCN channel gene to the development of biological pacemaker.RETRIEVAL STRATEGY:The relevant articles published between January 1979 and June 2007 were searched for in Pubmed database by researcher of this article with the key words of"hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated chartnel,biological pacemaker"in English.157 articles were selected and reviewed by the inclusive cntena of:① articles closely related with the application of HCN to the development of biological pacemaker;②the late articles and articles in anthority journals in the same field.Exclusive criterion:repetitive studies.LITERATURE EVALUATION:The main sources of literatures were randomized clinical trial(RCT)on biological pacemaker by HCN.Among 36 selected articles,10 were reviews,and others were elementary expenInental studles.DATA SYNTHESIS:①Of all four HCN isoforms,HCNI,HCN2,and HCN4 are the main isoforms in the heart.HCN3 only expresses in embryonic pacemaker cells in a low level.HCN2 highly expressed in low pacing regions(Ventricular muscle),whereas HCN4 highly expressed in high pacing regions.Moreover,HCN2 are the main isoforms in the ventricle.Expression ratio of HCN2 to HCN4 is 5:1 in neonate rats and 13:1 in adult rats.②Defects in HCN channels may underlie sick-sinus syndrome.③Up to now,HCN genes of If current contribute importantly to the generataon of the regular pacemaker potential.CONCLUSION:Gene therapy and cell therapy have become an optimal approach to improve biological paccmakers.Application of HCN channel gene in development of biological pacemaker may hold great promlse In the treatment of chronic arhythmia.

ObjectiveTo comparethetherapeutic efficaciesofaconite-cake-partitionedmoxibustionat different frequencies in treatingbenign prostatic hyperplasiadue tokidney-yangdeficiency.MethodEightypatientswere randomized into four groups:control group,treatment group1(moxibustiononceper day),treatmentgroup2(moxibustiontwiceper day), andtreatmentgroup3 (moxibustiononce every other day).TheInternational prostate symptom score (I-PSS), TCM syndrome score, maximum flow rate of urine (Qmax) and bladder residual urine volume (PVR) were observedbefore and after intervention.ResultAfter treatment,the improvement of theInternational prostate symptom scoreandTCM syndrome score,increase of Qmax and decrease of PVR were found in the three treatment groups, while the therapeutic efficacy in treatment group 1 was more significant than that in the rest groups. The total effective rate was 70.0% in the control group, 85.0% in treatment group 1, 80.0% in treatment group 2, and 65.0%in treatment group 3.ConclusionAconite-cake-partitionedmoxibustionat different frequenciescan produce therapeutic efficacies to different extent in treatingbenign prostatic hyperplasiadue tokidney-yangdeficiency, and the comprehensive analysis shows that the optimal frequency is once per day.

Objective In order to explore the localization of NGB protein in spinal cord of adult rat. Methods Spinal cord of adult rat was used to make frozen section. The localization of NGB protein in the spinal cord of adult rat was examined by immunohistochemistry method. Results NGB protein immunoreactive cells were mainly distributed in the gray matter of spinal cord, including in the ventral horn, intermediate zone and dorsal horn. NGB-immunoreactive product located in the plasm of neurons.Conclusion The results indicated that NGB widely expressed in the neurons of spinal cord, suggested that NGB might play an important role in the physiological function of the spinal cord.

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the temporary bedside cardiac pacing in controlling torsades de points (TdP) in patients with acquired long QT syndrome (LQTS). Methods Twelve patients with acquired LQTS were enrolled from April 2003 to August 2007 consecutively and their clinical data were analyzed. Bedside cardiac pacing was adopted when other methods couldn't terminate the repeated TdP. Results Twelve patients successfully experienced the temporary bedside cardiac pacing via femoral venous. The average time spent in bedside cardiac pacing was about (10.5±2.4) min. After cardiac pacing the interval of QT and QTc were shortened [ (0.42±0.03 ) svs (0.52±0.06) s, P < 0.05; (0.43± 0.04 ) s vs (0.53±0.05 ) s, P <0.05 ]. The TdP occurred (4.6±1.2 ) times per day before cardiac pacing and it didn't reoccur any more after bedside cardiac pacing. The average time for cardiac pacing was(3.8±1.4) d. When the patients were discharged, the interval of QT and QTe were (0.41±0.02) s and (0.42±0.05) s respectively, there were significant differences compared with that before cardiac pacing(P< 0.05). During 1 year follow-up, the patients didn't experience TdP any more, and the interval of QT and QTe were (0.41± 0.06) s and (0.42±0.05) s respectively. Conclusion The immediate bedside cardiac pacing is a safe and effective way to control the repeated TdP.

MutL and MutS or their homologues are two crucial proteins of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system. A new method was described for observation of the interaction between MutS and MutL which is based on the fusion gene/fusion protein technique. Three fusion proteins, MutL-GFP fusion (Trx-His6-GFP-(Ser-Gly)6-MutL), MutL-Strep tag Ⅱ fusion (Trx-His6-(Ser-Gly)6-Strep tagⅡ-(Ser-Gly)6-MutL) and MutS fusion (Trx-His6-(Ser-Gly)6-MutS), were constructed and expressed in E. coli AD494 (DE3). Interaction assay between MutS and MutL was performed in a 96-well microtiter plate.MutS fusion protein was immobilized on the wells and provided a surface for the interaction between MutS and MutL.Results showed that only after binding of MutS to the mismatched DNA, there was an interaction between MutS and MutL.The binding events could be indicated by GFP signal or the signal generated from alkaline phosphatase and its substrate. In addition, the method based on fusion molecular system also serve as a model for studies on the interactions among other proteins or biomolecules.

Objective To study the value of electronic administration analysis system used for pre-hospitalrecords in comparison with statistic data processed manually. Method The data of 'first aid medical records'collected from June 26, 2007 to December 26, 2007 in Wuxi Emergency Center, Wuxi, China were taken for anal-ysis. The items for comparison included the average number of emergency patients monthly, percentage of intra-venous infusion, proportion of ECG and blood oxygen saturation monitoring, rate of blood glucose measurement,number of pre-hospital treatment, frequency of using medical devices and time taken for answer to inquires. Thecomparison was carried out between statistic data processed manually and those processed electronically. ResultsBetween two different methods of statistic process, there were no significant in all items ( P > 0.05) except theshorter time required for electronic process to answer the inquires (P<0.01). Conclusions The electronic ad-ministration analysis system for the records of emergency patients is fully developed to meet the expectation in termsof quick answer to inquries with credibly and precisely numerical values.

A tumor-targeting recombinant fusion immunotoxin B-L-SEC2 was constructed by fusing staphylococcal enterotoxin C2 (SEC2) and an anti-HER-2 single-chain Fv B1 through a peptide linker, and expressed in E. coli strain BL21 (DE3) with an improved expression vector pASK75-EX as inclusion body. The denatured inclusion body was purified with Ni-NTA chelate agarose, and then re-natured by dialysis. FACS and MTT assays indicated that the re-natured fusion immunotoxin B-L-SEC2 could target the HER-2 over-expressing breast tumor cell SK-Br-3 in vitro, and inhibit the growth of SK-Br-3.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of serum Cystatin C and 24 h urine microalbumin quantitative exami-nation in the early gestational diabetes kidney.Methods Chose 110 cases of patients from 37 to 40 weeks during pregnancy with gestational diabetes.According to the GFR,patients were divided into GFR moderate decline group A (30 ml/min/1.73m2 ≤GFR<60ml/min/1.73m2 ,n=30),GFR mild decline group B (60 ml/min/1.73m2 ≤GFR<89 ml/min/1.73m2 ,n=42)and GFR normal group C (GFR≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2 ,n=38).Choose the same gestational weeks 40 healthy preg-nants cases as control group D.Statistics of four groups of serum Cys C,24 h urine microalbumin quantitative,serum urea and creatinine,then analize.Results The levels of serum cystatin C and urine microalbumin compared between each group respectively,the differences were statistically significant (F=31.209,34.698,P <0.01,respectively).The levels of blood u-rea and creatinine in group A when compared with the other groups,found that the difference was statistically significant (F=5.845,4.575,P <0.01,respectively).When comparing the levels of blood urea and creatinine among the groups B,C and D,there was no statistical difference of significance (P >0.05).There was positive correlation between levels serum Cys C and urine microalbumin in group A and B (r=0.756,0.725,t=5.209,4.835,P <0.01,respectively).The sensitivity of Cys C and urine microalbumin were 95.2% and 90.5%,sensitivity of the combination of Cys C and urine microalbumin was 100% (χ2 =8.24,7.08,P <0.05,respectively).Conclusion As sensitive indicators of gestational diabetes in the early renal damage stage,joint detection of Cys C and urine microalbumin is of great significance for diagnosis and monitoring of diabe-tes in the early renal damage stage.

Objective To evaluate urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) and retinoid binging protein (RBP) in monitoring of early renal impairment in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with long-term adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) treatment. Methods Three hundred and fifty five with CHB admitted in Shaoxing Municipal Hospital from June 2009 to June 2011 were enrolled in the study, among whom 180 cases study group) were treated with ADV monotherapy (n=100) or ADV + lamivudine (LAM) combination therapy (n=80); and 175 cases (control group) were treated with entecavir (ETV). Serum creatinine, urinary β2-MG, RBP and creatinine were measured and glomerular tration rate (eGFR) was estimated regularly during 5-year follow up. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of changes in urinary β2-MG and RBP. Results Five-year follow-up results showed that in study group 2, 6, 10, 14 and 24 cases developed urinary β2-MG abnormality in year 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of treatment, respectively; and 2, 7, 11, 16 and 20 cases developed urinary RBP abnormality in year 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of treatment, respectively; eGFR decreased 20%-30% from baseline in 20 cases, 30%-50% in 13 cases and >50% in 2 cases. The decrease of eGFR ≥30% in 5 years was significantly correlated with urinary RBP and β2-GM abnormality. However, both serum creatinine and eGFR remained stable during the 5 years of follow-up in control group; only 2 cases developed urinary β2-MG abnormality and 3 cases developed urinary RBP abnormality. Conclusions Urinary RBP and β2-MG are sensitive biomarkers of early renal injury during long-term ADV treatment in CHB patients, and ADV should not be used as first-line treatment for CHB.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role and significance of CD45RO in occurance and development in laryngeal squamous carcinoma, and to provide some valuable clues for searching new approaches to assess prognosis and theoretical basis for tumor biotherapy. METHOD: The expression of CD45RO protein in 50 cases of laryngeal squamous carcinoma and 10 cases normal mucos was detected by immunohistochemical S-P method. RESULT: The positive rate of CD45RO was 30% and 86% respectively in normal tissue and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissue. The expresion of CD45RO was significantly and negatively associated with local metastatic of lymph nodes 0.713, P < 0.05) and tumor sites (r = -0.750, P < 0.05), but it have no notable difference with pathology differentiation, age, infiltrating depth and clinical stages in 50 cases of laryngeal squamous cell cancer. CONCLUSION (1) The expresion of CD45RO in laryngeal squamous cell cancer is more than that in normal tissue. (2) It is possible that overexpresion of CD45RO in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma cut local metastatic lymph nodes. (3) It is probable that overexpresion of CD45RO in laryngeal squamous cell cancer made for prognosis of patients. (4) Other than UICC-TNM stage, pathology differentiation, it provide valuable clues for searching new approaches to assess prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; blood ; pathology ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; blood ; pathology ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; blood ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Prognosis