Objective To investigate toe-brachial index ( TBI) in the diagnosis of peripheral artery disease ( PAD) and its risk factors in the patients with type 2 diabetes.Methods TBI was examined in the 238 patients with type 2 diabetes.The patients were divided into the group with low TBI ( TBI≤0.7 ) and the group with normal ABI ( TBI>0.7 ) .The two groups were compared for clinical parameters.Results Thirty two patients (13.4%)with abnormal ABI (TBI≤0.7) showed older age [(63.8 ±9.9) yrs vs (54.9 ±10.8) yrs, P =0.000] , lower diastolic blood pressure [(70.5 ±6.9) mmHg vs (74.9 ±9.1) mmHg, P =0.003], more frequency of hypertension (56.3%vs 38.3%, P =0.043), coronary artery heart disease (28.7%vs 10.7%, P =0.020) and cere-bral vascular disease (15.6%vs 4.4%, P =0.025).Step-wise analysis screened that age and diastolic blood pressure were the inde-pendent risk factors for TBI .Conclusions Aging and hypertension were the risk factors in the patients with abnormal TBI in type 2 di-abetes.TBI was an easy and economical method for diagnosing PAD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

The persistent，difficult-to-treat，and recurrent abdominal pain，diarrhea，and mucinous bloody stools that characterize ulcerative colitis （UC） are indicative of an inflammatory bowel disorder. The cause of the sickness remains uncertain，and the outcome of modern medical treatment is not encouraging. The incidence of UC has been steadily increasing over time，making it essential to discover novel treatments in clinical practice. For centuries，traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has been a successful method for preventing and curing this malady. In the original text of Shanghanlun， ZHANG Zhongjing repeatedly discussed symptoms similar to UC，such as diarrhea，chronic dysentery，intestinal wind，and visceral toxins. The effective formulas proposed in Shanghanlun have laid the groundwork for the later use of TCM for treatment of UC. Research in recent times has revealed the distinct benefits of TCM in both relieving the symptoms and improving the quality of life of UC patients. Banxia Xiexintang，a compound of this type，has been found to be effective in network pharmacology，molecular docking，clinical observation，and animal experiments，and its therapeutic effects have been considerable in the treatment of UC. Extensive experiments have revealed a strong correlation between the effectiveness of Banxia Xiexintang in treating UC and factors such as inflammatory cytokines，intestinal microbiota，immune responses，related signaling pathways， and pyroptosis. This article presents a comprehensive examination of Banxia Xiexintang for treatment of UC，encompassing its theoretical basis，drug composition，and mechanism of action. This paper is expected to provide more theoretical support for clinical application of Banxia Xiexintang.