Objective:To compare the compressive strength of porcelain crown with Co-Cr,CAD/CAMpure titanium and CAD/CAM zirconia respectively.Methods:Metal models of simulating crown core of the ideal premolar were manufactured,digital data of the met-al model were obtained by CAD/CAMsystem,the basement crowns of Co-Cr,CAD/CAMpure titanium and CAD/CAMzirconia were respectively made(n =5),size of each crown was kept the same and the spcimens were set as group A,B and C respectively.Then masking porcelain and body porcelain were fired on basement crowns according to the instructions.The thickness of the porcelain was kept the same.All of the porcelain crowns were located on the Instron testing machine,the compression strength force values were measured.Data were statistically analysed by SPSS 1 3.0 software.The bonding surface of basement material and porcelain was observed by SEMafter compressive failure.Results:The compressive strength(N)of group A,B and C was 2 990 ±1 88,2 305 ±1 57,2 1 50 ± 1 31 ,A vs B or C,P <0.05,B vs C,P >0.05.Conclusion:All the 3 base materials with porcelain crown satisfy the clinical require-ments.The compressive strength of Co-Cr porcelain crown is stronger than that of CAD/CAMpure titanium porcelain crown and CAD/CAMzirconia porcelain crown.

Objective To investigate the treatment of acute obstructive colorectal cancer.Methods The clinical data of 26 cases with acute obstructive colorectal cancer were analysed retrospectively and relevant literatures were reviewed.Results Radical right hemicolectomy was performed in 9 patients with obstructive right colonic cancer.Among 17 patients with obstructive left colorectal cancer,one-stage radical resection was perfomed in 12 cases,including one-stage anastomosis in 4 cases and Hartmann's operation in 8 cases.Palliative colostomy was performed in 3 cases.Right hemicolectomy and sigmoid colon loop colostomy was performed in 1 case of rectum cancer with ascending colon strangulation.One case refused surgery.Two cases died of MODS and 1 case with inflammatory ileus recovering from conservative treatment after operation.In the course of disease,septic shock and MODS happened in 3 cases,lung infection in 5 cases,heart disease in 2 cases and Hypoalbuminemia in 16 cases.Conclusions One-stage radical colectomy and anastomosis should be performed in patients with obstructive right colonic cancer.In order to reduce toxin absorption and prevent the deterioration of disease,Bowel decompression and removal of inflammatory exudate should be performed in patients with obstructive left colorectal cancer according to the damage control theory.Then effective and safe operation should be chosen in accordance with patients' status.Anti-infection and nutrition support treatment must be strengthened after operation.

Objective:To explore the influence of the veneering porcelain thickness on the compressive strength of zirconia all-ceramic crown.Methods:25 zirconia basement crowns with the thickness of 0.5 mm were made by CAD-CAMsystem,and then were divided into 5 groups randomly with the veneering porcelain thickness of 0.5(A),1.0(B),1.5(C),2.0(D)and 2.5 mm(E)respectively. The compressive strength of the samples was measured by a testing machine.Statistical analysis was conducted by SPSS13.0 software. The microstructure of the fractured bonding interface of the specimens was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM).Results:The compressive strength in group A,B,C,D and E were:(1 279.96 ±42.85)N,(2 235.44 ±50.14)N,(2 216.38 ±48.97)N, (2 169.22 ±60.40)N and (2 028.70 ±47.37)N respectively(A or E vs B,C or D,P <0.01;A vs E,P <0.01;B vs C or D,P >0.05;C vs D,P >0.05).SEMobservation found that in group A and E the bonding interface was uneven and loose,the cracks and spores in veneering porcelain appeared more and larger,and had a more intensive distribution.Conclusion:When the veneering porce-lain is too thick or too thin,the compressive strength of zirconia all-ceramic crown decreases,the thickness of the veneering porcelain should be controled in an appropriate range.

Objective To investigate the significance of modified gold nanocages ( GNCs ) in photothermal therapy and radiosensitivity enhancement for murine mammary carcinoma 4T1 cells.Methods A molecule probe, CD44-PEG-GNCs, was constructed on the basis of GNCs.Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) and transmission electron microscopy ( TEM) were used to analyze Au uptake by 4T1 cells.The cell counting kit-8( CCK-8) assay was used to determine the impact of the probe on the viability of 4T1 cells.The CCK-8 assay and the Hoechst/PI double staining were used to evaluate the photothermal killing effects of near infrared laser (NIR).The colony forming assay and the Hoechst/PI double staining were used to measure the viability of 4T1 cells after irradiation with 6 MV of X-ray.Results ICP-MS and TEM showed that 4T1 cells had an uptake of a large number of GNCs, in which the number of CD44-PEG-GNCs taken up by 4T1 was 3-4 times larger than that of PEG-GNCs.The cell toxicity assay revealed that in a certain range of concentration, GNCs showed little effect on the viability of 4T1 cells, which was reduced to 81.2%in 48 hours.The CCK-8 assay, the Hoechst/PI double staining, and the colony forming assay showed that after NIR irradiation and radiotherapy, large-scale apoptosis was induced in CD44-PEG-GNCs-contained tumor cells by photothermal therapy combined with radiotherapy, which had substantially better outcomes than other groups.Conclusions The GNC-based molecular probe actively targets 4T1 cells with little cytotoxicity, indicating that it enhances the sensitivity of tumor towards photothermal therapy and radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the resting heart rate (RHR) and target organ damage (TOD) in elderly patients with metabolic syndrome(MS). Methods 264 elderly patients with MS were divided into four groups according to the level of RHR: RHR1 group, RHR<65 beats/minute (bpm) (46 cases) ;RHR2 group, 65≤RHR<75 bpm (77 cases);RHR3 group, 75 bpm≤RHR<85 bpm (89 cases);RHR4 group, RHR≥85 bpm (52 cases).Electrocardiography, echocardiography, carotid uhrasonography, crcatinine clearance rate (Ccr) and quantitative assay of 24 hours' albuminuria were performed. Results (1) Compared with RHR1, RHR2 and RHR3 groups, RHR4 group showed higher levels of carotid intima-medial thickness (IMT), carotid arterial diameter (CAD), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and albuminuria(P< 0.05 or P<0.01), and lower levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and Ccr (all P< 0.01). (2) The IMT, CAD, LVMI and albuminuria were positively correlated with RHR (r=0.33, 0.23, 0.61, 0.58, respectively, all P<0.01). However, the LVEF and Ccr were negatively correlated with RHR (r=-0.59, -0.51, all P<0.01). (3) Logistic multivariate analysis showed that RHR and pulse pressure (PP) had effects on myocardial hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral stroke and renal dysfunction(P<0.05 or P<0.01). Except heart failure, PP played a more important role than RHR. Coneinsions RHR may be an independent risk factors for TOD in elderly patients with MS,and RHR regulation is important for the development of MS in the elderly.

OBJECTIVETo establish a perceived fatigue evaluating model during simulated load carriage that is based on objective variables through analyzing the characteristics and trends of shoulder force, shoulder pressure, waist pressure, back pressure, and perceived fatigue, and to provide an analytical technique for research on load carriage.

METHODSA 50-min simulated walking (at a speed of 5 km/h and a slope of 0%) experiment including 14 healthy male adults was conducted under four levels of backpack payloads (25, 29, 34, 37 kg). Shoulder force and trunk pressure were sampled simultaneously and analyzed with time- and frequency- domain methods. Multivariable linear regression was used to build a perceived fatigue evaluating model during load carriage.

RESULTSThe perceived fatigue evaluating model based on shoulder force, trunk pressure distribution ratio, load, and body mass index (BMI) was established. Its adjusted determination coefficient (aR2) was 0.709 and the absolute percentage error (APE) at the end of the experiment was less than 20%. The goodness of fit of the model based on frequency-domain independent variables was much higher compared with the model based on time-domain independent variables. The addition of BMI that represents the individual differences to the model obviously improved the goodness of fit.

CONCLUSIONThe perceived fatigue evaluating model established in this study does not rely on the physiological changes of individuals, and thus can be used to establish an evaluation system for human load carriage with dummy as a substitution for human in experiments and to provide a scientific basis for efficient human load carriage.

Objective To observe the effects of rosuvastatin on the homocysteine (Hcy)-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) and cell migration in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and to explore the possible mechanism of Hcy-induced atherosclerosis and the role of statins in reversing atherosclerosis. Methods In one cell culture plate, the cultured rat VSMCs were incubated with different concentrations of Hcy (0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μmol/L and 5000 μmol/L) in vitro for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. And in another cell culture plate, the different concentrations of rosuvastatin (10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6, 10-5 mol/L and 0 mol/L) were added to the cultured rat VSMCs (while the concentration of Hcy was 1000 μmol/L). The MMP 2 expression and enzyme activity were determined by gelatin zymography and Western blotting. The effects of Hcy and rosuvastatin on cell migration and invasiveness of VSMCs were observed. Results Hcy (50-5000 μmol/L) increased the protein expression, and Hcy (50-1000 μmol/L) increased enzyme activity of MMP 2 significantly. But Hcy (5000 μmol/L) inhibited activity of MMP 2 (F=9.31, 6.44 and 5.97, all P＜0.05). Rosuvastatin (10-9-10-5 mol/L) inhibited Hcy-induced expression and enzyme activity increasing of MMP 2. The counts of cell migration of VSMCs were 18.32±2.17, 32.68±4.34, 44.75±4.08, 61.39±5.21, 79.74±5.54 and 90.78±5.83, while the concentration of Hcy was 0, 50, 100, 500, 1000 μmol/L and 5000 μmol/L respectively (F=5.31, P＜0.05). The counts of cell migration of VSMCs were 79.74±5.54, 62.53±6.41, 48.37±5.66, 31.41±4.79, 19.27±3.62 and 11.17±2.33, while the concentration of rosuvastatin was 10-9, 10-8, 10-7, 10-6 and 10-5 mol/L respectively (F=4.99, P＜0.05). Rosuvastatin could decrease the stimulation of Hcy-induced migration of VSMCs. Conclusions Hcy can influence the MMP 2 protein expression/activity in VSMCs, and rosuvastatin can inhibit augmentation of Hcy-induced MMP 2 expression/activity and migration of VSMCs. It may be one of the multiple-effects of rosuvastatin reducing atherosclerosis.

Objective: To analyze the diagnosis and therapy for double-hit lymphoma (DHL) and triple-hit lymphoma (THL). Methods:This study involves three patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) that transformed into DHL or THL. These patients were ad-mitted to our hospital between January 2011 and December 2012. All patients were diagnosed by immunohistochemistry and fluores-cence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results:One FL patient transformed into THL and died after 3 months. The other two FL patients who transformed into DHL and who received R-CHOP and R-ESHAP regimens still failed to achieve complete remission. Conclusion:DHL is a rare type of lymphoma that usually involves the bone marrow and central nervous system. This condition is highly resistant to intensive chemotherapy. Part of the DHL cases result from FL. FISH is important for diagnosis. However, a standard treatment for this type of lymphoma remains lacking.

Objective:To detect the inhibitory effects of CAL-101, a selective inhibitor of phosphoinostitide-3'-kinase delta (PI3Kδ), on Burkitt's lymphoma cell line Raji and diffused large B-cell lymphoma cell line SUDHL-10 and elucidate its relative mechanism. Methods:Raji and SUDHL-10 cells were treated with various concentrations of CAL-101. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of CAL-101 on lymphoma cells, and cell apoptosis was measured by Annexin V/PI and DAPI staining. Migration assays were performed with transwell to detect the migration of lymphoma cells derived from the stromal cell line HK. Western blot was used to detect the phosphorylation status of the ERK pathway. MTT and CalcuSyn software analyses were preformed to detect whether or not combining CAL-101 with bortezomib induces synergistic cytoxicity. Results:CAL-101 at con-centrations of 5, 10, 15, and 20μmol/L inhibited cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. The proliferation rates of the Raji cells treated with 5, 10, 15, and 20μmol/L for 48 h were 29.17%± 1.23%, 38.15%± 1.51%, 46.46%± 1.78%, and 55.8%± 2.01%, respec-tively, which were significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group (1.15% ± 0.02%). Similar results were found in the SUDHL-10 cells after treatment with CAL-101 (P<0.05). CAL-101 also exerted an apoptotic effect on the lymphoma cells. The apop-totic rates of the Raji cells treated with CAL-101 for 21 h were 22.69%± 3.83%and 49.96%± 7.36%, respectively, which were signifi-cantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group (5.23%± 2.04%). Similar results were found in the SUDHL-10 cells (P<0.05). Treatment with 5 and 10 μmol/L CAL-101 dose-dependently inhibited the migration activity of lymphoma cells to stromal cells (P<0.05). Western blot analysis showed that the expression level of ERK phosphorylation protein was significantly downregulated in the cells treated with CAL-101. A synergistic effect between CAL-101 and bortezomib was verified. That is, these two drugs can signifi-cantly inhibit the proliferation of lymphoma cells with CI values less than 1. Conclusion:The PI3Kδ-specific inhibitor CAL-101 sup-pressed the proliferation of Raji and SUDHL-10 cells, induced apoptosis, and inhibited stromal cell-derived migration. This inhibitory effect may be induced by blocking the ERK pathway. Overall, our study indicated that CAL-101 is a novel and potential agent in the therapeutic strategy against aggressive B-cell lymphoma.

To improve the water solubility of daidzein, solid inclusion complexes of daidzein with two amino-modified β-cyclodextrins (ACDs), i.e., mono-6-amino-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin (NCD) and mono-6-ethylenediamino-6-deoxy-β-cyclodextrin (ENCD), were prepared by the saturated solution method in water under the preparation conditions as follows: the ratio of daidzein/ACD was 3∶1 and the stirring time was 72 h (83% and 67% yields, respectively).The formation of two inclusion complexes was confirmed by x-ray diffractometry (XRD) and themogravimetric (TG) analysis.The inclusion stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes was 1∶1 from the Job plot and their complexation stability constants (KS) were 899.2 and 203.8 L/mol from fluorescence titration, respectively.After formation of inclusion complexes with NCD and ENCD, the water solubility of daidzein was dramatically raised from 8.31 μg/mL to 15.2 and 13.2 mg/mL at 25℃, increasing by 1800-fold and 1500-fold.