This study was aimed to evaluate the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin in mice. A total of 80 mice were divided into 4 groups, which were 0 (control), 100, 200, and 400 mg·kg-1 by the random number table. Intragastric administration was given once a day for 90 days in the assessment of subchronic toxicity of diosgenin among mice. The observed indexes contained body weight, fur color, diet, feces, and etc. The detected indexes contained blood routine analysis, blood biochemistry and pathological examination. The results showed that compared with the control group, the body weights of mice in the male medication group were slight reduced. There were no significant hematologic and pathologic abnormalities. It was concluded that the subchronic toxicity of diosgenin with no observed adverse effect dose level was more than 400 mg·kg-1. The oral administration was relatively safe.

OBJECTIVE To study resistance and the change of Pseudomonas aeruginosa of respiratory system infection,and instruct the antibacterial medicine to use rationally.METHODS The respiratory system infection patients from Jun 2004 to Dec 2005 were investigated.To the results of MICs with 229 P.aeruginasa strains were analyzed.RESULTS From inspected 5411 phlegm samples derived from Jun 2004 to Dec 2005,bacteria from 2291 samples(42.34%) were examined out,from them 229 strains(10.00%) were P.aeruginosa. The sensitive rate to tobramycin,imipenem/cilastatin sodium,piperacillin sodium,amikacin sulfate,ceftazidime,cefoperazone/sulbactam(Sulperazon),et al was greater than 60%.CONCLUSIONS We should consider the mechanism of P.aeruginosa resistance in treatment of respiratory system infection patients,and guide the management of antibacterial using.

This paper was aimed to study effects of diosgenin on expressions of activator protein-1 (AP-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in synovial tissues of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rats induced by bovine type II collagen, in order to investigate the possible mechanism of herbal medicine diosgenin in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). After the CIA rats models were successfully established, rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, CIA model group, diosgenin group, and positive medicine control (tripterygium) group. The in situ hybridization was used to detect the expressions of AP-1 (c-fos and c-jun) in synovial tissues of the knee joint. The real-time PCR was used to detect the VEGF mRNA expression in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints. The results showed that c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA expressions in synovial tissues of rats’ knee joints were obviously higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.01). After treatment of diosgenin and tripterygium, the expressions of c-jun and c-fos, VEGF mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.01). It was concluded that diosgenin may regulate the expression of VEGF in synovial tissues through c-jun and c-fos of AP-1 in order to inhibit synovial angiogenesis for the treatment of RA.

OBJECTIVE To undersand neurosurgical hospital infection characteristics and bacterial resistance,and to provide reference information for the rational use of antibacterial drugs in clinics.METHODS Using the combined methods of initiative monitoring and recalling system to carry on the clinical informations' statistics,the analysis and the judgment for the 880 inpatients in the neurosurgery department in 2005.RESULTS The rate of neurosurgical hospital infection was 16.36%,significantly higher than the hospital average rate(9.18%) at the same period.Neurosurgical hospital infection pathogens were mainly Gram-negative bacteria.Infection sites occurred mainly in urinary tract(44.44%),followed by lower respiratory tract(35.42%).Sixty strains were Escherichia coli(20.2%),34 strains(11.44%) for Enterococcus faecium(D group),25 strains(8.42%) for Acinetobacter baumannii,25 strains(8.42%) for Pseudomonas aeruginosa,and 18 strains(6.06%) for Klebsiella pneumoniae.CONCLUSIONS Systematic monitoring of neurosurgical hospital infection characteristics and dynamics of bacterial resistance has important clinical reference significance to the rational use of antibacterial drugs.

OBJECTIVE To understand the characteristic of hospital infection among tumor patients and give information to reduce the tumor patients with hospital infection.METHODS Using the methods of initiative monitoring and the system review to carry on the statistics,analysis,and evaluation for the total of 2679 tumor patients occurred in Department of Oncology in Shaoxing People′s Hospital in 2005.RESULTS Among them there were 120 cases occurred hospital infection.The rate of hospital infection was 4.47%.The patients who infected one time were 179 cases,two times were 31 cases,and over three times were 10 cases.The main infected sites were respiratory tract including upper respiratory tract(38 cases) and lower respiratory tract(36 cases),followed by alimentary tract(10 cases),blood(9 cases),surgical incision infection(8 cases),urinary tract(6 cases) and the other locations(13 cases).CONCLUSIONS The main prevention and control measures of hospital infection among tumor patients are to improve the body immunity and control endogenous infections.

OBJECTIVE To achieve the best treatment effect by the effective management to control abusing the clinical antibacterial drug. METHODS The management organization and system on antibiotics reasonable application were established.It also formulated an standard to examine the reasonable antibiotics application.It construced the information system of the antibiotics reasonable application management,to carry on the real-time monitoring to the clinical antibiotics application situation. RESULTS The antibiotics utilization ratio was from original 78% lowered to 65% and the antibiotics use hastened more reasonably. CONCLUSIONS The standardized management of antibiotics use is realized and the medical quality is improved.

OBJECTIVE To explore risk factors and preventive measure of wound infection after operations in clean wounds.METHODS The related factors of wound infection were analyzed by using Logistic analysis in 6805 cases from Jun 2004 to Dec 2005.RESULTS Age,duration of operation and diabetes mellitus were the risk factors for wound infection,but the antibiotic application was unrelated to wound infection in clean wounds.CONCLUSIONS The risk factors for wound infection are age,duration of operation and diabetes mellitus.

OBJECTIVE To explore associated factors of nosocomial infection and provide ways for control nosocomial infection.METHODS The associated factors of nosocomial infection were analyzed by using retrospective analysis in 29 842 cases from Jan 2004 to Dec 2005.RESULTS Among 29 842 cases,1917 cases were infected,the incidence was 6.4%.CONCLUSIONS The associated factors of nosocomial infection are age,the underlying diseases,the decrease in immunological function and the invasive manipulation.

Objective To investigate cognitive status of medical students of a medical university on laboratory biosafety,and provide basic data for laboratory biosafety management in Chinese universities.Methods 900 full-time undergraduate medical students were chosen by cluster random sampling,questionnaires were filled out in by them.Results 900 questionnaires were distributed,877 (98.21％) valid questionnaires were obtained,49.03％ (n =430) were from sophomores,50.97 ％ (n =447) from juniors,148 (16.88 ％) students have ever participated in students'scientific research.The overall awareness rate of laboratory biosafety was 58.72％,only 32.16％ of students understood the detailed contents of laboratory biosafety regulations,only 8.21％ of students have received training in laboratory biosafety;the awareness rate of laboratory biosafety cabinet was only 14.14％,only 7.75％ of students knew which operation should be performed in biosafety cabinet;28.28％ of students could deal with waste according to the rules,68.19％ of students were able to identify warning signs of biological hazard;92.82％ of the students thought that laboratory biosafety-related courses should be set up.The overall awareness rate of laboratory biosafety knowledge and safety behavior was low,which were 42.65％ and 41.96％ respectively,juniors was higher than that of sophomores(P＜0.05);in the aspect of chemical hazards and biological hazards,students with scientific research experience scored higher than those who did not participate in scientific research(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Medical students' cognition on knowledge of laboratory biosafety is not optimistic,it is imperative to strengthen the management of education and publicity of laboratory biosafety.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the current situation of the hospital.and the community-acquired infections due to Staphylococcus aureus(SAU) and provide the reference for clinical reasonable use of drugs.METHODS The clinically isolated S.aureus strains during 2004-2006 were collected,cultured and identified.Their susceptibilily to 16 kinds of antibacterials was detected by K-B or MIC and WHONET5 software was used to analyze the result.RESULTS From 440 S.aureus strains,the meticillin-resisstant S.aureus(MRSA) was 260 accounting for 59.1%;the meticillin-sensitive S.aureus(MSSA) was 180 accounting for 40.9%.The resistant rate of SAU to penicillin G was the highest(85.5%),that to vancomscin was 0.CONCLUSIONS MSSA still keeps fairly good sensibility to most antibacterial medicine,but MRSA shows the multidrug resistance,except to vancomycin.For this studying the resistance mechcnism of Staphylococcus and continuously detecting the emergence of vancomycin-intermediat and vancomycin-resistante S.aureus have a significant clinicil importance.