Objective:To study the association of TGF?2 polymorphisms and maternal smoking with the occurrence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate(NSCLP). Methods:TGF?2 genes were amplified from peripheral leukocytes by means of PCR in 272 cases of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without palate(CL/P), 251 of cleft palate only(CPO) and 312 of unrelated controls in Jilin Province, PCR products were analyzed by single-stranded conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and DNA sequencing. Maternal smoking was investigated. The association of TGF?2 polymorphisms, maternal smoking with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO was analyzed by SAS statistic system. Results:The 322 bp PCR product of TGF?2 was amplified from CL/P, CPO and control samples; SSCP analysis showed three alleles of TGF?2;sequencing results showed that allele1, allele2 and allele3 contained seven, eight and nine ACA repeats respectively. The statistic analysis showed that TGF?2 polymorphisms or maternal smoking was associated with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO respectively(P0.05).Conclusion:TGF?2 polymorphisms and maternal smoking during pregnancy are associated with the occurrence of CL/P and CPO. TGF?2 polymorphisms have no interaction with maternal smoking.

Objective: To clone cDNA of enamel matrix serine proteinase (EMSP1) encoding mature protein from mouse dental germs. Methods: Total RNA was isolated from developing incisors and molars of 7 days mouse pups and reverse-transcribed into cDNA. Two pairs of specific primers was designed to obtain the desired gene by Touchdown PCR and Nested PCR. The segment was inserted into Vector pMD-18T, and recombined vectors was transformed into E.coli JM109.The positive clone was chose and analysed by restriction endonuclease mapping and DNA sequencing. Results:700 bp of cDNA of mouse EMSP1 was sueccessfully cloned from mouse tooth germs tissue. The sequence was consistent with that displayed in PubMed. Conclusion:The mouse EMSP1 cDNA encoding mature protein is obtained for further study.

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer incidence in Macao increases gradually, smoking is one of the important high risk factors. The purpose of this study is to observe the detection rate of lung cancer and nodules in long-term smoking Macao individuals. METHODS: We recruited eligible Macao residents by publicity, all subjects were arranged to receive low-dose computed tomography screening. Image features of lung nodules were analyzed by radiologist. For suspicious lung cancer, multiple disciplinary team (MDT) was arranged. RESULTS: A total of 291 were adopted, 10 lung cancers were detected, the detection rate of lung cancer was 3.44% (95%CI: 2.78%-4.01%), all were males. There were 5 adenocarcinoma patients, each 2 squamous-cell carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma patients; 1 adenosquamous cancer patient. Among 10 lung cancers, 40% had stage 1 disease. The detection rate of lung nodules was 72.9% (95%CI: 67.8%-78.0%); The number of suspicious lung nodules were 44, and the detection rate was 15.1% (95%CI: 11.0%-19.2%). There was no significant differences in the lung cancer detection rate between the single and multiple lung nodule groups (P>0.05). There were 168 subjects in the <6 mm solid lung nodule (SN) and <5 mm no-solid lung nodule (NSN) group and no lung cancer was found, 44 subjects in the ≥6 mm SN and ≥5 mm NSN group. All 9 lung cancer patients were detected in this group. The detection rate of lung cancer was higher than that of the <6 mm SN and <5 mm NSN group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There are high detection rate of lung cancer and lung nodule in the long-term smoking individuals. The lung cancer rate increases when the lung nodule size is larger than 6 mm in SN and 5 mm in NSN. Adenocarcinoma is the major type in the smokers' lung cancers. We suggest long-term smokers should join in the future lung cancer screening trial in Macao. Female lung cancer screening should be established different standard.