Objective: To establish an experimental model of atherosclerosis in rats and to study the atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta,heart and liver.Methods: The rats in experimental groups were injected with a single dose of vitamin D (600 000 IU/kg) and loaded with high fat diet;control group was given saline and basic food.The pathological changes were observed in the aorta,heart and liver after 2,4,6 weeks.The scores were evaluated according to the pathological degrees.Results: No changes were observed after 2 weeks,but after 4 weeks atheroslerotic plaques were seen in the aorta and the score of the lesions were 0.50?0.39; a little lipid were found in coronary arteries;deposition of lipid was seen in the myocardium; many positive red pellets were found in the plasma of cells in the liver.After 6 weeks,more atheroslerotic plaques were observed in the aorta,and atheroslerotic plaques in coronary arteries were formed (pathological score 1.12?0.48); abundant positive red pellets were found in the plasma of the cardiac myocyte.The pathological changes occurred in rats were very similar to that of man.Conclusion: The experimental model of atherosclerosis in rat may be conveniently established by injection of vitamin D with loading of high fat diet,which can be used for the pathological and pharmacological study of atherosclerosis.

Objective To analyze the clinical feature of the patients with anti -N -methyl -D -aspartate receptor (NMDAR)encephalitis and feature of brain MRI and electroencephalogram (EEG)in children.Methods We reviewed the clinical manifestations,brain MRI and EEG features of 10 patients who were diagnosed anti -NMDAR encephalitis.Results Of the 10 patients,3 cases were male and 7 cases were female.The age was ranged from 13 months to 14 years (6 years and 11 months on average).No tumor was found in those patients.Main symp-toms included seizure in 9 cases,psychiatric symptoms in 10 cases,consciousness disturbance in 4 cases,involuntary movements in 8 cases,autonomic nerve instability in 5 cases,and sleep disorders in 10 cases.7 patients of MRI exami-nation were normal,2 patients revealed abnormal signal of temporal lobe,frontal,and parietal cortex.One patient revealed brain atrophy.All patients had abnormal EEG with diffusive slow waves,and some with focal spikes or sharp waves,left side abnormal more than right side.Conclusion Anti -NMDAR encephalitis can be found in children, even young boys may be affected.They have a lower incidence of tumors.Its predominant clinical features are psychi-atrics symptoms,seizures,involuntary movements and consciousness alteration.EEG was considered more significant than brain MRI.

Objective To investigate the chemical costituents from Drymaria diandra. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by repeated column chromatographies on macroporous resin D101,silica gel, and RP-18.Two compounds were identified by spectral analysis. Results Two compounds were isolated from D. diandra. Theirs structures were identified as 6-carboxymethy1-5,7,4'-trihydroxyflavone (Ⅰ) and l-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8E)-Z-N-(2'-hydroxypalmitoyl) octadecasphinga-4,8-dienine(soya cerebroside Ⅰ,Ⅱ). Conclusion Compound I is a new compound. Compound Ⅱ is obtained from this plant for the frist time.

AIM: To study the effect of decanoyl acetaldehyde against atherosclerosis and the relative mechanisms in rats.METHODS: Rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups,That were the control,model,low and high dose of decanoyl acetaldehyde and ibuprofen groups.The model rats were intraperitoneally injected with 600 000 IU/kg vitamine Ds and intragastricly administrated with high-fat emulsion 10 mL/( kg·d) for 70 days.At the same time,the model rats treated with drugs were orally given 39 mg/( kg·d),78 mg/( kg·d) decanoyl acetaldehyde and 144 mg/( kg·d) ibuprofen suspension respectively.After 70 days,the rats were euthakilled,and the serum level of TC,LDL-C,HDL-C/LDL-C ,TNF-α,IL-1β,IL-6,IL-10,the expression of NF-κB in rat aorta and the pathological change in aorta were measured.RESULTS: Decanoyl acetaldehyde could lower the serum level of TC,LDL-C,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6.It increased the level of IL-10 and the ratio of HDL-C/LDL-C,inhibited the expression of NF-κB and reduced the thickness of the artery wall.CONCLUSION : Decanoyl acetaldehyde has an effect on anti-atherosclerosis.The mechanism may be related with inhibiting inflammation and lowering serum lipid.

We developed a novel method for the rapid determination of lysozyme using a new fluorogenic substrate that consists of a cationic aluminum phthalocyanine ( tetra ( trimethylammonio ) aluminum phthalocyanine, TTMAAlPc ) , and an anionic mucopolysaccharide ( heparin, HP ) . We found that fluorescence from the cationic aluminum phthalocyanine, a red-region fluorescence probe, was quenched significantly in acidic media in the presence of low concentrations of anionic mucopolysaccharide heparin ( HP) bearing anionic sulfonic acid groups, because of induced aggregation. The practically non-fluorescent substrate degraded into small molecular fragments upon the hydrolysis of lysozyme, and thus the phthalocyanine molecules aggregated in HP were released, resulting in significant fluorescence recovery in the reaction system. This phenomenon forms the foundation of the proposed method. The reaction mechanism was determined using fluorescence spectroscopy and fluorescence anisotropy techniques. Factors that affected the determination were investigated. Under optimal conditions, the linear range was 0. 2-2 mg/L, and the detection limit was 0. 015 mg/L. The developed method is easy to operate and has good selectivity and sensitivity. This method was used in the analysis of practical samples of lysozyme, and the results were in agreement with those determined by a conventional turbidimetric method.

This study is to investigate the protein and mRNA expressions of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in U937 foam cells and effects of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the cytokines.U937 cells were cultured with different concentrations of GbE (0.1,1,and 10 μg·L-1),and stimulated by 100 mg·L-1 oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) for 24 h.The expressions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in culture solution were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).The results showed that incubated with 100 mg·L-1 ox-LDL for 24 h,the U937 cells became foam cells,the protein or mRNA expressions of IL-1β,TNF-α,IL-10,and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells were higher markedly than those in normal U937 cells.When the cells were pretreated with GbE (0.1,1,and 10 μg·L-1),the increases of IL-1β and TNF-α in U937 foam cells were remarkably inhibited,but IL-10 expression increased greatly.Especially when cells were pretreated with 10 μg·L-1 GbE,the protein and mRNA expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α were markedly lower than those in U937 foam cells.The protein expression of IL-10 and mRNA expressions of IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R were markedly higher than those in U937 foam cells.GbE inhibited production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α,but up-regulated the production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and its receptor IL-10R in U937 foam cells,which might be related with its anti-atherosclerotic actions.

Objective To analysis the role of adiponectin, insulin like growth factor -1 in elderly chronic heart failure.Methods 92 elderly patients with chronic heart failure were selected and divided into control group and experiment group.46 cases of the control group were treated with conventional treatment including strong heart, diuresis, vasodilator,lowering blood pressure, the experimental group was on the basis of routine treatment with catechin, 50 mg/kg orally, 1 times a day.2 weeks as a course, 1 course of treatment.Adiponectin, insulin like growth factor -1,BNP,LVEDD, LVESD and LVEF were compared before and after treatment.Results After treatment, the total effective rate of observation group was 93.48%, the control group total effective rate was 76.09%.The total effective rate of observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (χ2 =5.39, P <0.05 ).After treatment, BNP, Adp in two groups decreased, IGF-1 increased, compared with control group, BNP, Adp level of the experiment group were lower, IGF-1 was higher(P<0.05),and LVEDD and LVESD of the experiment were lower, LVEF was higher, (P<0.05). Conclusion Catechins can decrease the serum levels of adiponectin, elevate insulin like growth factor-1, improve the degree of heart failure, is worthy of clinical application.

Objective To analyze the distribution of tophus in ankle and tarsal joints by multislice spiral computed tomography (MSCT)and to explore the pathogenesis of gout.Methods 34 patients with a documented diagnosis of gout underwent CT examina-tion of bilateral ankle and tarsal joints,and 55 ankle and tarsal joints were observed tophus.The sites of tophus deposition were cate-gorized into groups of ligament,tendon and joint in order to record and analyze.Results The tophus were showed at the anterior talofibular ligament (n=38),the medial ligament (the site of talus and calcaneus)(n=30)and the interosseous talocalcaneal liga-ment (n=29)(P <0.05)in the group of ligament;at achilles tendon (n= 18),followed by tibialis posterior tendon (n= 7)(P <0.05)in the group of tendon;at articulations intercuneiformes (n=1 5)and inferior tibiofibular articulation (n= 10)(P <0.05 )in the group of joint.Conclusion In ankle and tarsal joints,tophus is commonly deposited at the anterior talofibular ligament,at the achilles tendon and the articulationes intercuneiformes.

Objective To evaluate the dual blood supply of lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma using dualinput perfusion CT.Methods A total of 40 patients confirmed with lung cancer pathologically underwent CT perfusion (CTP) scanning.The pulmonary flow (PF),bronchial flow (BF),perfusion index (PI,PI=PF/[PF+BF])and tumor volume,location were measured and recorded by 2 experienced radiologists.The differences in CTP parameters between lung adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas,the central lung cancers and peripheral lung cancers were analyzed.The correlation between the tumor volume and CTP parameters was analyzed.Interobserver agreements were assessed with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results The average of PF,BF and PI of all 40 cases was (54.26± 21.07)ml/ (min · 100 ml),(64.41±22.06)ml/(min · 100 ml) and (43.38±16.07)％,respectively.Tumor histology was consistent with adenocarcinomas in 23 cases and squamous cell carcinomas in 17 cases,lung adenocarcinomas showed lower PI than that of squamous cell carcinomas (t=-2.196,P=0.034).There were 17 peripheral lung cancers and 23 central lung cancers,and the PI of the peripheral lung cancers was higher than that of the central lung cancer (t=2.305,P=0.027).No statistically significant differences were found for BF and PF between two types of lung cancers and central lung cancers and the peripheral cancers (all P＞0.05).Tumor volume was negatively associated with PI (r =-0.39,P=0.01).Good agreement was found between the two observers,the ICC for BF,PF and PI was 0.97,0.93 and 0.91,respectively.Conclusion Dual-input CTP technique can be used to evaluate the differences of blood supply between different pathological types and locations of lung cancer,with PI depending both on tumor size and location.

Objective · To explore the change of metabolomic profiling after erlotinib (anepithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor)resistance of lung adenocarcinoma cells (PC9-ER), and find the differential metabolome associated witherlotinib resistance. Methods · Metabolic profiling of PC9-ER cells and homologous parent PC9 cells was acquired by the ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS). The data were analyzed by multi-dimensional statistical methods, such as partial least squares projection to latent structures-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), to select and identify differential metabolites associated with erlotinib resistance. Results · A total of 14 differential metabolites were identified in PC9-ER cells. Seven up-regulated metabolites included N-acetylspermidine, phosphatidylethanolamine, AMP, pantothenic acid,proline, glutamate, and histidine, while seven down-regulated metabolites included citrulline, phosphorylcholine, glutathione, cysteinylglycine, glutathione oxidized, NAD, and S-adenosylmethionine, mainly participating in glutathione metabolism, glutamate metabolism, ammonia recycling, and protein biosynthesis. Conclusion · Metabolic profiling of erlotinib-resistant lung adenocarcinoma cells was changed. The information of differential metabolites associated with erlotinib resistance could provide clues for new resistance mechanisms and potential metabolism-related drug targets.