OBJECTIVETo establish the analytical method for the release kinetic (RK) of Aconitum Brachypodum gel based on the nonlinear mixed effect model (NLMEM), in order to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanism.

METHODThe zero-order kinetic model containing for non-corroded drug system with the random effect was taken as the base model. The fixed effect and random effect factors impacting the drug release were analyzed by PROC NLMIXED of SAS to establish the final typical model. Subsequently, 10 training subsets were randomly extracted from the primary data to respectively their RK models, calculate the corresponding predicted root-mean-square error and average relative error, and evaluate the model stability and prediction accuracy.

RESULTThe burst effect F0 had a very significant effect on the RK model. Among the component factors, carbopol 940 showed an obvious effect on the inherence release speed constant k0 and the concentration gradient change constant a, with different variations on the basis of dosage range. The random effect factors of k0 and a had a significant impact. The final RK model was proved to be stable, effective and reliable in the cross validation.

CONCLUSIONThe drug release kinetic analysis method could be used to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanisms.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gels ; Kinetics ; Monte Carlo Method ; Nonlinear Dynamics

Clinical Medicine ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; prevention & control ; Periodicals as Topic ; Research

Cardiovascular Diseases ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Risk Reduction Behavior

Coronary Disease ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Hypolipidemic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use

The clinical practice on real patients is more and more difficult in the present condition of the hospitals.Then,the modern medical simulating teaching is the main direction of the development in this field due to its characteristics,based on high- technology,simulating the real clinical circumstance,and being applicable in practice and avoiding the risk of clinical miscarriage. The significance and main development direction of modern medical simulated teaching will be discussed in this article.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between recurrent intussusception and enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes (EMLNs) in children by ultrasound.Methods A total of 35 cases (a total of 75 relapse) with imaging features of recurrent intussusception were retrospectively analysed.The sequence,size,number,morphology and location of EMLNs were recorded.Results Twenty cases of EMLNs were found in 35 cases recurrent intussusception (57.1%,20/35).At least three EMLNs were found in and / or around the mesentery of intussusception.The imaging feature of recurrent intussusception was a " target" appearance on transverse scans and a "sleeve" sign on longitudinal scans .All the EMLNs were smooth and oval-shaped hypoechoic nodule.The largest longitudinal diameter of the EMLNs ranged between 7-20 mm ,the largest transverse diameter of the EMLNs ranged between 3-8 mm with the aspect ratio≥2.0.Conclusion The Enlarged mesenteric lymph node recurrence of intussusception in children is crucial factor.Ultrasound can not only accurately and timely diagnose and treat intussusception while scanning enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes,which can provide an important basis for reducing the recurrence of intussusception.

OBJECTIVETo determine the pseudo-ginsenoside GQ (PGQ) in rat bile, feces and urine, and to study on the excretion of pseudo-ginsenoside GQ.

METHODReverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method with an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) was performed on Diamonsil C18 column (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), and the mobile phase was consisted of methanol-water (24: 7) with flow rate of 1.0 mL x min(-1). ELSD parameters were set as follows: nitrogen gas pressure 3.0 bar, drift tube temperature 50 degrees C.

RESULTThe method fulfilled all the standard requirements of precision, accuracy and linearity. The main way of excretion of PGQ in rat administrated through sublingual vein was at the bile. The bile excretion ratio of PGQ was 41.60%, and feces excretion ratio was 9.97%. Only trace amount of PGQ was excreted in urine.

CONCLUSIONAlmost all unchanged PGQ was excreted in bile, feces and urine.

Animals ; Bile ; metabolism ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Feces ; Female ; Ginsenosides ; administration & dosage ; metabolism ; pharmacokinetics ; urine ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective: To observe the clinical efficacy of herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion for dysmenorrhea due to deficiency cold. Methods: A total of 70 patients with dysmenorrhea who met the inclusion criteria were randomized into a mild moxibustion group and a herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group by the random number table, with 35 cases in each group. Shenque (CV 8), Zhongji (CV 3) and bilateral Zigong (EX-CA 1) were selected for both groups. The treatment continued for 3 menstrual cycles. The visual analog scale (VAS) and COX menstrual symptom scale (CMSS) were scored in both groups before treatment, after treatment and at the end of the 3rd menstrual cycle after treatment. The clinical efficacy was evaluated at the end of the 3rd menstrual cycle after treatment. Results: After treatment, the clinical efficacy of the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group had the tendency to be superior to that of the mild moxibustion group, while there was no statistically significant difference in the overall efficacy between the two groups (P>0.05). The VAS and CMSS scores after treatment and at the follow-up were significantly lower than those before treatment in both groups (all P<0.05). At the follow-up, the VAS scores in both groups had no significant intra-group differences from those after treatment (both P>0.05). The CMSS scores in both groups were significantly lower than those after treatment (both P<0.05). The VAS scores at the follow-up of both groups had no statistical differences from those after treatment (both P>0.05). After treatment, the CMSS score in the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion group was significantly lower than that in the mild moxibustion group (P<0.05). At the follow-up, there were no statistical differences in the CMSS score between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion: The herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion has the same therapeutic efficacy for dysmenorrhea as the mild moxibustion; the two moxibustion methods can significantly improve the concomitant symptoms of dysmenorrhea, and the herbal cake-partitioned moxibustion is little better.

Objective To study the effects of airborne particles exposure on the micronucleus frequency of human binucleate lymphocytes. Methods Airborne particles were collected at a residential area of Taiyuan city with classification air samplers.The organic substance was extracted by dichloromethane acetone and methanol in a Soxhlet apparatus. Four metals,Ni Pb Cd and Cr in airborne particles were extracted by 1∶1 nitric acid and determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.The mutagenicity of the extracts of airborne particles was studied with cytokinesis-locking assay. Results The content of airborne particles in the area was 0.791 9 mg/m3exceeded the related standard by 4.28 times. The small particles contained more metals elements and organic substances than the big particles. The extracts of airborne particles induced a significant increase in micronucleus production P

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hypoglycemia ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; metabolism ; Orexins ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley