Objective To explore the effect of different frequencies interference of electoracupuncture on acute stress of C57BL/6 mice. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into model group,2Hz electroacupunture group and 100 Hz electroacupunture group.After interfering 7 days by electroacupuncture,all the mice were carried forced swimming tests and tail suspension test,and the immobility time in 5 minutes were taken down. Results The immobility time of forced swimming test and tail suspension test of 2 Hz eletroacupuncture group(32.00±14.73)s,(72.50±20.44)s was shorter than those of 100 Hz electoracupuncture group(145.60±34.62)s,(124.22±21.67)s( P <0.05); and the immobility time of 2 Hz eletroacupuncture group was shorter than that of model group(129.50±33.94)s,(142.23±20.05)s( P <0.05); but the immobility time of 100 Hz electroacupuncture group was no difference with that of model group( P >0.05). Conclusions The effect of 2 Hz eletroacupuncture could improve the behaviors of the acute stress of C57BL/6 mice and had the more effectiveness on anti-depression.

OBJECTIVE: To strengthen pharmacist intervention in prescribing behavior of doctors, so as to further standardize prescribing behavior.METHODS: Through the review of the advantages and disadvantages of the relevant laws, education training and assessment system for prescription intervention in the USA, a deep analysis was made in combination with the Chinese system and the characteristics of the medical staff.RESULTS: A new clinical pathway was introduced to standardize the intervention of doctors′ prescriptions, so as to improve the level of diagnosis and treatment and the environment for medical treatment in China.CONCLUSION: Improving pharmacists′ professional accomplishment and introducing Internet model and intelligent medical technology can improve the linkage among clinical, community medical institutions and social pharmacies, and also enhance the feasibility and reliability of Internet prescription drug purchase intervention. Promote the closed-loop connection and continuous upgrading of the pharmaceutical industry chain, gradually realize the standardization model of diagnosis and treatment, and then promote the results of the overall medical level.

Background Noninvasive methods such as in vivo confocal microscopy and Orbscan Ⅱ corneal topography have been used to examine ocular surface structure at the cellular level.However,very few domestic reports about the corneal structures of experimental animals investigated by confocal microscopy are available.Objective This study was to compare the anatomical differences of the corneal structures of three frequently used experimental animals presented by in vivo confocal microscopy,and to offer a database on the information provided by the in vivo study of the corneal structures of these animals.Methods Bilateral corneas of 3 clean adult male New Zealand rabbits,3 clean adult male Lewis rats and 3 clean adult male Swiss mice were examined by in vivo confocal microscopy.The morphological characteristics of every layer of the corneas and the endothelial cell densities were analyzed and compared.Results Superficial epithelium cells of the three animal models were characterized as polygon cells with high or low reflective border.The arrangement of the basal epithelial cells was regular with tight contacts but these cells lacked visible nuclei.The Bowman' s layer of cornea presented as an amorphous sheet containing abundant subepithelial plexus.In the rabbits,a highly reflective structure in the corneal stroma wasconfirmed as the nucleus,and the cell density of the posterior stroma was significantly lower than that of anterior stroma(387.5 cells/mm2 versus 223.5 cells/mm2)(U =0.000,P =0.000).Massive light-reflecting astreoids were displayed in the stroma of the rats and the mice.Corneal endothelial cells(CECs)of the three animal models had similar shapes and arrangements,presenting with high refractive cell bodies with dark borders and honeycomb-like arrangements.The CECs densities were 2192.5,1936.0,1565.0 cells/mm2 in the New Zealand rabbits,Lewis rats and Swiss mice,respectively,showing a statistically significant difference among them(H =49.940,P =0.000),and that of the rabbits was significantly higher than that in the rats and mice(x2 =0.000,P =0.000;x2 =0.000,P=0.000).Significant difference was also seen between the rats and the mice in the CECs densities(x2=0.000,P=0.000).Conclusions The CECs of the three animal modes are similar in morphology.But the structures of their stromal cells and endothelial cell densities are different.The combination of in vivo confocal microscopy and Orbscan Ⅱ corneal topography offers high-resolution imaging for each layer of the cornea.

Animals ; Dementia, Vascular ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases ; metabolism ; Hippocampus ; cytology ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Male ; Mice ; Neurons ; metabolism ; physiology ; Random Allocation

Administration, Oral ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; administration & dosage ; Cytomegalovirus Infections ; drug therapy ; immunology ; virology ; Erythromycin ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; immunology ; Virus Replication

Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; Humans

Objective To observe the anti-atherosclerosis (AS) mechanisms of Shuxinwenban granules by observing its effects on the serum level of MMP-9, the expression of VEGF and the formation of the plaques in rabbits. Methods Totally 40 healthy female and male rabbits were divided into control group, model group, Shuxinwenban granules group and Simvastatin group. Control group was treated with basic diet, and other groups were treated with high cholesterol diet for 12 weeks to make AS rabbit models. The treatment groups were given corresponding drugs by gavage for 4 weeks. The serum levels of MMP-9 in rabbits were detected by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent method and the surface density of VEGF in the atherosclerotic plaques by immunohistochemical staining, at the same time, the pathological changes of the aorta and atheroclerotic plaques were observed. Results Compared with the model group, Shuxinwenban granules significantly decreased the serum levels of MMP-9, and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.01). Similarly, Shuxinwenban granules could significantly decrease the surface density of VEGF in atherosclerotic plaques, the difference was also statistically significant (P<0.01). Pathology showed that the intervention of Shuxinwenban granules decreased the area of atherosclerotic plaque, caused the plaque to smaller and thinner. Conclusion Shuxinwenban granules blocked the inflammatory response by inhibiting the expression of VEGF in atherosclerotic plaque and decreasing the levels of MMP-9 in serum, which lessened the formation of the atherosclerotic plaques.

Objective To understand the status and drug resistant patterns of strains of extended spectrum ?-lactamase(ESBLs) in children with lower respiratory tract infection,and to give clinical suggestions for rational treatment.Methods Escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from the 2 969 nasopharyngeal secretions which collected from lower respiratory tract of children in our hospital from Jan.2006 to Dec. 2007.Dual-sheets and sheets-diffusing method (K-B method) were used to determine the ESBLs and antibiotic susceptibility was tested by K-B method which included 18 kinds of antibiotics,the results were marked by resistant,intermedial and sensitive.Chi-square test was used to analyze the data.Results Total 135 strains were detected,73 strains were escherichia coli,of which 54 strains(74.0%)produced ESBLs,62 strains were klebsiella pneumoniae,of which 33 strains(53.2%)produced ESBLs.The 2 bacterias were found more in children with 1-6 months old than those in other age groups,the ratio of which were 50 strains and 41 strains,respectively (Pa0.05).The resistant rate of ESBLs-producing strains to penicillins,cephalosporins,quinolones,aminoglycosides and sulfamido was higher than that of non ESBLs-producing strains respectively.And the resistant rates to beta-lactam antibiotics of ESBLs strains were located on a high level.Whether producing ESBLs or not,the 2 bacterias were still sensitive to amikacin,cefoxitin,cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem.Conclusions The prevalences of ESBLs-producing escherichia and klebsiella pneumonia were high.There was a multi-drug resistance to the varied antibiotics.It is very important to make sputum culture and use sensitive antibiotics in treatment according to drug sensitivity test to control the occurrence and conveying of the ESBLs.

Objective To explore the high risk factors of brain injury in preterm infants,and to reduce its morbidity and improve the developmental outcome.Methods One hundred and thirty preterm infants,who were admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit(NICU)between Aug.2005 and Aug.2007,were scanned by echo in 1,3,4,7,15 days,and 1,3 and 6 months after birth,respectively.Those who had intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH)of grade Ⅰor Ⅱ were regarded as mild brain injury,whereas those who had IVH of grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ or periventricular leukomalacia(PVL)were regarded as severe brain injury.Logistic regression was adopted to analyze 17 factors:gestational age,birth weight,hypertension syndrome during pregnancy,premature rupture of membranes,modalities of delivery,fetal distress,asphy-xiate,resuscitation,surfactant,apnea,seizures,hypoxia,hypercarbia,hypocarbia,acidosis,use of oxygen,nasal constant positive airway pressure or mechanical ventilation.Results Among 130 preterm infants,88 cases(66.7%)were detected with brain injury,which included 29 cases(33%)with mild brain injury(5 cases with IVH of grade Ⅰ,24 cases with IVH of grade Ⅱ)and 59 cases(67%)with severe brain injury(53 cases with IVH of grade Ⅲ,1 case with IVH of grade Ⅳ and 5 cases with PVL).Gestational age and birth weight were the fundamental factors of brain injury in premature infants.The smaller the gestational age and the lower the birth weight,the highter the brain injury rate.Resuscitation,hypoxia,the use of auxiliary ventilation were also important high risk factors of brain injury in preterm infants.All these high risk factors could influence the autoregulation of cerebral blood and trigger or aggravate brain injury of preterm infants.Conclusions Smaller gestational age,lower birth weight,resuscitation,hypoxia,the use of auxiliary ventilation were all the high risk factors of brain injury in premature infants,which could influence the parameters of cerebral blood dynamics by influencing cerebral blood autoregulation of preterm infants and lead to the occurrence of brain injury in premature.

Objective To identify the arteriosclerosis (AS)changes in peripheral artery and abdominal aorta of patients with familial hypercholesterolemia(FH) during follow-up.Methods Seventeen patients of 6 FH [5 male and 12 female with average age of (16.12?6.65) years old],along with 17 subjects of matching sexes and ages with normal blood cholesterol as healthy control group,underwent examination by color doppler ultrasound,and changes of intima-media thickness (IMT) in peripheral artery and abdominal aorta,severity of stenosis,morphology,and function were observed.Results For 17 patients of FH,the total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) in serum were higher significantly and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was lower significantly than those in healthy control group(Pa0.05).The IMT of carotid aorta,subclavicular aorta,common abdominal artery,and common femoral artery in 13 patients were showing various degrees of increase,yielding an average of 2.9 mm.As patients aged,this phenomenon was reported to be more profound in common abdominal aorta and femoral artery.Conclusions Patients of FH show AS lesion in early stage and it worsened as they aged,from carotid arteries to common abdominal aorta and femoral artery.Color doppler ultrasound can be a non-invasive examination for monitoring the progress of AS in blood vessels in patients of diagnosed FH.