ApoE and LDL-R knocking out mouse may spontaneously develope atherosclerosis and so is applied in the research of atherosclerosis. These mouse model, the model generated by gene targeting, like IL-1, C-reactive protein, scavenger receptor, IgG Fc,C1q and CD44, play important role in research of inflammatory factor and immune factor on atherosclerosis.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of essential hypertension treated with acupuncture at Siguan [Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3)], Quchi (LI 11) and Xingjian (LR 2).

METHODSSixty cases of essential hypertension were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. Two groups of acupoint, which were (1) Siguan [Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3)] and (2) Quchi (LI 11), Xingjian (LR 2), were selected alternatively in the acupuncture group, once everyday. In the medication group, captopril was prescribed for oral administration 25 mg per time, three times per day. Seven days made one session in both groups and totally three sessions were required.

RESULTS(1) After treatment, the blood pressure were decreased significantly in the two groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the medication group, the diastolic pressure after 14 days, 21 days of treatment in the acupuncture group was decreased significantly (both P < 0.01). (2) In the terms of TCM syndrome score, the improvement of dizziness, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, palpitations was significant in the acupuncture group compared with that in the medication group(all P < 0.05). (3) The acupuncture group had less adverse reactions compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Hegu (LI4) and Taichong (LR 3), Quchi (LI 11) and Xingjian (LR 2) can effectively decrease blood pressure; the effect of controlling diastolic pressure is better than captopril. It can also improve the symptoms of dizziness, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, and palpitations.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Essential Hypertension ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Yin Deficiency ; therapy ; Yin-Yang

Abstract?AlM:To investigate effect and safety of the limbal stem cell transplantation combined with low concentrations of mitomycin C for pterygium patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).? METHODS: Eighty patients of 96 pterygium eyes admitted to hospital were divided into groups of high concentration, low concentration group and the control group, and 3 groups were given pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation. The high concentration group, the low concentration groups were given prior to stem cell transplantation 0. 2, 0. 1mg/mL mitomycin C coverage. The cure rate and recurrence rate in three groups of patients, as well as visual acuity before and after treatment were compared.?RESULTS: Three groups patients' visual acuity were significantly improved after treatment (P<0. 05), there was no significant difference before treatment in visual acuity (P>0. 05);epithelial healing time of high concentration group was significantly higher than low concentration group and the control group (P<0. 05), there was no significant difference between low concentration and control groups of epithelial healing time (P>0. 05); cure rates of low concentration group was higher than high dose group, the recurrence rate in low concentration group was lower than the high dose group.? CONCLUSlON: Pterygium excision combined with limbal stem cell transplantation has significant efficacy for pterygium, and mitomycin C can effectively reduce the relapse rate, but for the patients with T2DM concentration of mitomycin C should be reduced.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of metformin on endometrial carcinoma subline of progestin-resistance and find whether metformin could regulate progestin-resistance in endometrial carcinoma. Methods Ishikawa endometrial carcinoma cells were cultured for a long period in the presence of the synthetic medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate (MPA) to generate a subline refractory to the growth-suppressive effects of MPA,named Ishikawa/MPA cells. The effect of MPA (1, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L) or metformin (1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 70 and 80 mmol/L) on proliferation of the Ishikawa/MPA and parental Ishikawa cells was detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. Western blot was used to detect the effect of metformin and(or)MPA on the expression of PR-B in the Ishikawa/MPA and Ishikawa cells. Results The Ishikawa/MPA showed that growth stimulation rather than inhibition in the Ishikawa cells after low MPA concentration treatment. The doubling time of Ishikawa/MPA cell lines were (43±4) hours and that of Ishikawa cell line were (47 ± 3) hours. No changes in doubling time were observed (t=0.349,P=0.572). Low concentration (1 and 5μmol/L) of MPA could promote the growth of Ishikawa/MPA cells (by 3% and 13%). High concentration (10, 20, 40 and 60 μmol/L) of MPA could inhibited the growth of Ishikawa/MPA cells (by 4%, 3%, 9%and 40%) and the growth of Ishikawa cells (by 41%, 55%, 65%and 66%). At the same concentration, the difference of inhibition rates between the two cell lines were statistically significant (P<0.01). Metformin (1, 10, 20, 40, 60, 70 and 80 mmol/L) could inhibite the growth of Ishikawa/MPA (by-10%, 20%, 56%, 89%, 97%, 98%and 99%) greater than those in parental Ishikawa cells (by-6%, 19%, 37%, 54%, 70%, 72%and 83%), and the inhibitory effect was dose-dependent manner. Western blot assay showed that for Ishikawa cells, the protein expression levels of PR-B in metformin group and MPA+metformin group were respectively (53.5±4.0)%and (37.7±5.2)%, which were higher than that in the control group [(23.4 ± 3.0)%], and there were significant the differences (P<0.01). For Ishikawa/MPA cells, the protein expression levels of PR-B in metformin group and MPA+metformin group were respectively (38.6 ± 1.7)%,(36.3 ± 2.5)%,which were higher than those in the control group [(6.4 ± 1.6)%], and there were also significant differences (P<0.01). Conclusion Metformin may regulate the progestin-resistance in endometrial carcinoma by increasing the expression of PR-B.

At present, a number of scientific research achievements has been formed. Scientific achievement is the crystallization of great efforts from scientific workers, and it's also the valuable treasure of human civilization. Standardization is an important way to promote the international communication of Chinese medicine, and it's significant in boosting China's scientific and technological progress, improving market competitiveness and promoting international trade. Transformation of scientific research to the guideline is not only beneficial to improving the technology content of the standard, but also to the conversion from scientific research achievements into productivity. Therefore, only by absorbing the advanced scientific and technological achievements, reproducing the theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and medical technology in standard form, can make TCM keep pace with the times. This study preliminarily explores for the method to transform scientific research achievements into guideline, in order to provide reference for the future technical specifications, thus to further the development of TCM.
Achievement ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; standards

Antihypertensive Agents ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure Determination ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy

Background There still is no a uniform diagnostic criteria for increasing population of dry eye.Studies showed that high tear osmotic pressure is one of causes of a variety of ocular surface discomfort,and the change of tear osmolality has been included in the definition of dry eye syndrome by Dry Eye World Study Group (DEWS) in 2007.It is very clinically significant to study the relationship of tear osmolality with dry eye.Objective This clinical trial was to study the correlation between tear osmolarity and dry eye severity based on Preferred Practice Pattern(PPP)of DEWS.Methods A descriptive study was performed.Fifty-four eyes of 54 patients with dry eye disease were asked to complete an evaluation of dry eye signs and symptoms questionnaire based on PPP.The ocular anterior segment was examined under the slit lamp biomicroscope.Cornealfluorescein staining,tear-film breakup time (BUT),Schirmer test Ⅰ (S Ⅰ t)without anesthesia were performed,and tear sample was collected for tear imageology and tear osmolarity admeasurement.The correlation between dry eye score with tear osmolarity was evaluated using Pearson linear correlation analysis.Written informed consent as obtained prior to any relevant medical procedure.Results The ratio of male and female patients was 1: 2 in this study.The negative correlations were found between tear osmolarity with S Ⅰ t or BUT(r =-0.456,-0.699,P＜0.01),and significantly positive correlations were found between tear osmolarity with tear imaging examination,corneal fluorescein staining,conjunctival hyperemia or dry eye symptom score(r=0.545,0.686,0.691,0.803,P＜0.01).Conclusions As a diagnostic method,tear osmolarity can objectively reflects dry eye severity.It can be a biomarker in dry eye severity grade when combined with clinical symptom.

Objective To investigate the effects of metformin on cell proliferation in differentiation degree of endometrial carcinoma cells and related mechanisms. Methods The endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa and AN3CA were used. Cell proliferation was assessed after exposure to metformin with or without epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor AG1478 by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) method. EGFR mRNA was determined by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. The expression of phosphorylation EGFR (p-EGFR) and total EGFR (t-EGFR) and phosphorylation extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and total ERK1/2 (t-ERK1/2) were examined by western blot. Results (1)CCK-8 experiment showed that metformin could inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells in a time-dependent manner and a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), but the inhibition of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was lower than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P<0.05). AG1478 also could inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), but the inhibition rate of well differentiated cell line Ishikawa was higher than that in poorly differentiated cells AN3CA (P<0.05). Metformin+AG1478 also could inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells in a time-dependent manner and in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05), and the inhibition of combined with metformin and AG1478 was stronger than that with a single application of drugs, but the inhibition rate of Ishikawa was higher than that in AN3CA (P<0.05).(2)RT-PCR method showed that different concentrations of metformin (0.01, 0.1, 1, 5, 10 mmol/L, respectively) for 24 hours, the expression level of EGFR mRNA in Ishikawa cells were respectively 0.74±0.03, 0.61±0.04, 0.46±0.03, 0.31±0.03 and 0.23±0.03, the expression level of EGFR mRNA in AN3CA cells were respectively 0.79±0.20, 0.61±0.03, 0.50±0.05, 0.32±0.03 and 0.26 ± 0.04, the inhibition effect showed a significant concentration-dependent manner (all P<0.01). (3) Western blot method displayed that the effect of metformin treated respectively 2, 4, 6 or 8 hours, there were not significant difference in the expression levels of t-EGFR protein and t-ERK1/2 between Ishikawa and AN3CA cells (all P>0.05). But the expression levels of p-EGFR and p-ERK1/2 protein were significantly lower between two groups (P<0.01), which showed a time-dependent manner(P<0.01). Conclusion Metformin could inhibit the proliferation of endometrial cancer cells, the inhibition is associated with the differentiation degree of cancer cells. Metformin could enhance the EGFR signaling pathway inhibitor AG1478 inhibition of endometrial cancer cells, which may inhibit EGFR expression of phosphorylated proteins to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 proteins and then inhibit proliferation of endometrial cancer cells.

This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Tiao-Bu Fei-Shen therapies (i.e., Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, Bu-Fei Y i-Shen, Y i-Qi Zi-Shen) on cardiac remodeling of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rats and its mechanisms according to the R-value comprehensive evaluation method. Based on the database of previous experiment of COPD rats, R-value comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the indexes as fellows to discuss efficacy of Tiao-Bu Fei-Shen therapies on cardiac remodeling of COPD rats. ① Indicators of right ventricular morphologic indexes: right ventricular hypertrophy index (RVHI), cardiac muscle sarcomere lengths, bulk density of myocardial mitochondria (Vv), surface area (δ), membrane surface (δm), Vv, δ, δm of heart mitochondria;② Indicators of mechanisms: right ventricular endothelin-1 (ET-1), transforming growth factor-beta ( TGF-β) , vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) , basic fibroblast growth factor ( bFGF ) , matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1). The results showed that the sequence of improving effect of right ventricular remodeling at week 20 was Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, Bu-Fei Y i-Shen, aminophylline, and Y i-Qi Zi-Shen; at week 32 and the integrated week 20 and week 32, the sequence of effect was Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, Bu-Fei Y i-Shen, Y i-Qi Zi-Shen, and aminophylline. At integrated week 20 and week 32, Bu-Fei Jian-Pi had significant better intensity correcting effect than aminophylline (P< 0.01). There was no difference between week 20 and week 32. It showed that each treatment group had good long-term effect. For the mechanism of correcting effect on right ventricular remodeling, at week 20, the sequence of comprehensive effect was Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, Bu-Fei Y i-Shen, aminophylline, and Y i-Qi Zi-Shen. And Bu-Fei Jian-Pi had better effect compared with aminophylline and Y i-Qi Zi-Shen (P< 0.01); Bu-Fei Y i-Shen had better effect than Y i-Qi Zi-Shen (P< 0.05). At week 32, the sequence of effect was Y i-Qi Zi-Shen, aminophylline, Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, and Bu-Fei Y i-Shen. At the integrated week 20 and week 32, the sequence of effect was Bu-Fei Jian-Pi, and Bu-Fei Y i-Shen, Y i-Qi Zi-Shen, and aminophylline. Until week 32, the correcting effect of Tiao-Bu Fei-Shen therapies and aminophylline still maintained the same level as at week 20. It indicated that each treatment plan had good long-term effect. It was concluded that Tiao-Bu Fei-Shen therapies can improve the cardiac remodeling of COPD rats and expression of related factors in the cardiac remodeling through the R-value comprehensive evaluation method. And the effect of Bu-Fei Jian-Pi was obvious with good long-term effect.

Objective Clinically, the anterior cruciate ligament ( ACL) can be reconstructed by either ligament advanced reinforcement system ( LARS) artificial ligament or hamstring tendon autograft ( HTAG) . This study aims to compare the early clinical outcomes of LARS versus HTAG in the treatment of ACL. Methods This study included 38 cases of ACL injury treated in our de-partment from March 2012 to August 2014, 18 by LARS artificial ligament and the other 20 by HTAG. Before and at 18 months after surgery, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of the tow strategies using the Lysholm knee scoring scale and International Knee Documen-tation Committee ( IKDC) scoring systems, and conducted statistical analysis on the follow-up findings. Results Statistically signifi-cant differences were not observed preoperatively between the LARS and HTAG groups either in the Lyshrolm scores (46.78±1.52 vs 46.80 ±1.89, P>0.05) or in the IKDC scores (42.83±1.47 vs 42.20±1.61, P>0.05), nor at 18 months postoperatively in the Lyshrolm scores (93.52±3.19 vs 94.10±1.37, P>0.05) or the IKDC scores (92.11± 1.45 vs 93.15±1.76, P>0.05). However, both the LARS and HTAG groups showed significant differences in the Lyshrolm and IKDC scores at the baseline as compared with those at 18 months after oper-ation ( P<0.05) . Conclusion Both LARS artificial ligament ham-string tendon autograft can achieve good early clinical outcomes in ACL reconstruction.