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Actins ; metabolism ; Adult ; Amyloidosis ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Pseudo-Obstruction ; metabolism ; pathology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; pathology ; Muscular Atrophy ; pathology ; Scleroderma, Systemic ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To observe changes of cognitive function and the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α),interleukin 10(IL-10) in hippocampus of diabetic rats,and assess the role of inflammation in the possible pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy (DE).Methods 30 male SD rats were randomly divided into control group and diabetes mellitus group.After 4 weeks of feeding high fat diet,diabetes mellitus group according to 30mg/kg injected with streptozotocin to establish type 2 diabetic rat model.At the end of the experiment,cognition were evaluated using water maze test.The concentration of beta-amyloid(Aβ) in hippocampus of diabetic rats were detected through enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,and the expression of TNF-α,IL-10 were detected by Western blotting.The expression of Aβ,TNF-α,IL-10 were observed through immunohistochemistry.Results Time spent in the target quadrant in diabetes mellitus group was shorter than that in control group ((38.21± 3.68)s vs (42.10±2.62)s,t=3.105,P＜0.01).The frequency of crossing original platform site was less than that in control group((2.62±0.77) vs(3.69±0.95),t=3.184,P＜0.01).Compared with control group the expression of Aβ,TNF-α were higher(BothP＜0.01),and IL-10 were lower(P＜0.01)in diabetes mellitus group.The positive expression of Aβ,TNF-α were obviously and IL-10 were less obviously observed in diabetes mellitus group according to immunohistochemistry.Conclusion The cognitive decline in diabetic rats is possibly related to inflammatory cytokines expressing out of balance.

Thirty SHRs were obtained randomly to hypertension, model group, captopril group and Qingre jiangya capsule group. Ten Wistar rats were used as control group. The hippocampus tissue was removed to explore the damage of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and the protective effect of Qingre jiangya capsule after continuously administered for 14 days. And then the data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). The research results revealed captopril group was significantly different from the other three groups. The classification of other three groups is also very clear after captopril group removed. This suggested that Qingre jiangya capsule could improve the overall metabolism compared with captopril. Four metabolites were identified: dimethylglycine, glycerophosphocholine, aldosterone and noradrenaline. Hypertension hippocampus damage may mainly be expressed in tyrosine metabolism, aldosterone-regulated sodium, vascular smooth muscle contraction reabsorption, and Qingre jiangya capsule could reverse the hippocampus tissue damage of SHR.
Animals ; Capsules ; pharmacology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; Hypertension ; drug therapy ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred SHR ; Rats, Wistar

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male

Objective To investigate the relationship between glucose excursion and cognitive function in aged type 2 diabetes. Methods A total of 248 aged type 2 diabetes were recruited in this study,all of them wore continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) for 3 d to evaluate the glucose excursion including mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) which was used for assessing intra-day glycemia variability,and mean daily difference (MODD) which represented day-to-day glycemic variability.During the period of CGMS monitoring,all subjects accepted mini mental status examination (MMSE) for evaluating cognitive function.The relationships of MAGE and MODD with performance on cognitive tests were assessed. Results The over intra-day glucose excursion group had lower MMSE score than the narrow intra-day glucose excursion group[(24.25±6.75)vs.(25.97±0.47),P=0.025].The MMSE score was decreased in over day-to-day glucose excursion group compared with the narrow day-to-day glucose excursion group [(24.21 ± 6.47) vs. (26.01 ± 5.49),P =0.019]. A statistically significant association was observed between MAGE and the score of MMSE(r=- 0.308,P＜0.001),and between MODD and MMSE(r=-0.226,P =0.001).Conclusions Glucose excursion may affect cognitive function in aged type 2 diabetes.The over glucose excursion decreases the score of MMSE.

Objective To assess the effectiveness of donepezil versus huperzine in the treatment of elderly patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).Methods Total 122 elderly patients with MCI were divided into two groups:donepezil treatment (5.0 mg once daily) (n=71) and huperzine treatment group (0.1 mg twice daily) (n=51).All the patients were followed up for 24 weeks.Before and 12 weeks,24 weeks after drug treatment,the cognitive functions were evaluated,including MMSE,MOCA,ADAS-cog,CDR,GDS,ADL,HIS and HAMD.Results There was no significant difference in age,sex,education time and neuropsychology rating scales between the groups before drug use.As compared with the score before drug use,the donepezil group showed a significant increase in MMSE after 12-weeks (t=4.47) or 24-weeks (t=6.16) (P＜0.01),a decrease in the score of ADAS-cog after 12-weeks (t=2.33,P＜0.05) or 24-weeks( t=3.68,P＜0.05),and an increase in the score of MOCA after 24-weeks drug use (t=2.56,P＜0.05).The huperzine group showed significant improvement in MMSE after 24-weeks drug use (t=2.80,P＜0.05),but there was no difference in other time points or in the score of MOCA and ADAS-cog as compared with the score before drug use.After 24 weeks' treatment,the donepezil group had higher MMSE (t=2.01,P＜0.05) and lower ADAS-cog (t=2.09,P＜0.05) scores than the huperzine group.30 patients (total effective rate was 42.3 ％) and 9 patients (total effective rate was 17.6 ％ ) became improved in donepezil and huperzine group,respectively,with significant difference (x2 =8.26,P＜0.01 ).There were 5 cases in the donepezil group and 3 cases in the huperzine group getting slight side-effects which disappeared by continuing to take drugs or by adjusting drug taking time.Conclusions Donepezil and huperzine as the cholinesterase inhibitors are effective and safe,and the efficacy of donepezil is faster and better in treating elderly patients with MCI.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Qi-supplementing and blood-activating (QSBA) in treating diabetic peripheral nephropathy (DPN).

METHODSSixty-eight type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with Qi deficiency-blood stasis Syndrome were randomly divided into two groups, the neurotrophic agents were used in both groups, while QSBA herbs were used in the treated group additionally. The treatment course was 2 months. Blood glucose (BG), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were detected before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the BG, blood lipid, NCV were improved significantly (P < 0.05) in both groups, but the improvement was more significant in the QSBA treated group than in the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONQSBA, in treating DPN, can not only improve its symptoms, but also ameliorate the NCV.

Adult ; Aged ; Diabetic Neuropathies ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Neural Conduction ; drug effects ; Phytotherapy ; Qi

Hepatic fibrosis models were induced by CCl4 in rats. To explore vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGFβ1) mRNA expression and bcl-2, Bax protein expression levels of intervention and explore the mechanism of the Aralia chinesis anti-hepatic fibrosis. Sixty male Sprague-Dawlley (SD) rats were randomly divided into six groups: nomal group, model group, high-dose (10 mL x kg(-1)), medium-dose (7.5 mL x kg(-1)), low-dose (5.0 mL x kg(-1)) of A. chinesis treated group and colchicine treated group. The change of liver histopathology was observed by HE and Masson staining. The mRNA of VEGF, TGF-β1 were detected by RT-PCR. The protein of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by Western blot. In the model group liver cell obvious degeneration, necrosis, a large number of collagen fibers of the cable hyperplasia, part visible pseudolobule formation. A. chinesis large, medium, low-dose group and colchicine group liver cell degeneration and necrosis reduced A. chinesis small, medium, and high-dose group was gradually reduced trend and A. chinesis large, middle dose group degree of reduction is particularly significant. Compared with model group, A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group VEGF mRNA expression, A. chinesis of large, medium-dose group TGF-β1 mRNA expression reduce (P < 0.05); compared with colchicine group, A. chinesis of large, middle dose group of VEGF mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05); A. chinesis of large, middle dose group of TGF-β1 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.01), and compared with colchicine group, large dose group of of TGF-β1 mRNA expression decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with model group, A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group Bcl-2 protein expression reduce (all is P < 0.05). But A. chinesis of large, medium and small dose group and colchicine group of Bax protein expression were increased (P < 0.05). A. chinesis regulation of VEGF, TGF-β1 may prevent the activation of hepatic stellate cells, liver tissue by up regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bax and down pro-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression, thereby to improve the degree of liver fibrosis.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Aralia ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo approach the mechanisms of effects of high glucose on the differentiation of periodontal ligament cells(PDLC) by investigating the changes of Scleraxis mRNA expression in high glucose condition in vitro.

METHODSHuman PDLC were cultured in high glucose medium (4500 mg/L glucose) and normal glucose medium (1000 mg/L glucose), respectively. High glucose was used to inhibit the osteogenic differentiation of PDLC. PDLC cultured in normal glucose medium served as control. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, the early parameter of osteogenetic differentiation of cells and the expression of Scleraxis mRNA were detected in each group. ALP activity was measured colorimetrically by using nitrophenyl phosphate as a substrate and the expression of Scleraxis mRNA was analyzed by semi-quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

RESULTSALP activity of PDLC was lower in high glucose medium than in normal glucose medium, and the values were 0.113 +/- 0.068 and 0.218 +/- 0.012, respectively. However, the level of Scleraxis mRNA was quite higher in high glucose medium compared with in normal glucose medium, and the values were 0.973 +/- 0.055 and 0.611 +/- 0.205, respectively. The values of ALP activity and the expression of Scleraxis mRNA were significantly different between the two groups.

CONCLUSIONSHigh glucose inhibited osteogenetic differentiation of PDLC and up-regulated Scleraxis expression. The adverse changes of Scleraxis expression and osteogenic differentiation of PDLC suggest that Scleraxis may regulate the osteogenic differentiation of PDLC negatively and the inhibition of high glucose on osteogenetic differentiation of PDLC may be regulated by Scleraxis in transcription level.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Glucose ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Young Adult