Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ; psychology ; therapy ; Behavior Therapy ; methods ; Central Nervous System Stimulants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Humans ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Social Adjustment ; Treatment Outcome ; United States

Toll-like receptors are an important pattern recognition receptors that recognize specific components of microbes and certain host molecules.Through initiated cell signaling pathway,they can induce immunocyte.Their activation triggers the innate immune response,and is crucial to the successful induction of Th1/Th2-phenotyped adaptive immunity.This review will give a brief overview of our current knowledge of TLRs as key components in immune responses and their regulation in respiratory tract diseases such as asthma.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of combination of TCM with western medicine for depressive neurosis.Methods The therapeutic group included 30 cases,patients were treated by combination of TCM with western medicine.The control group included 30 eases,patients were treated only with western medicine.Four weeks was a course of treatment.Results The efficacy of the therapeutic group was 96.7% ,the efficacy of the control group was 66.7% ,there is a significant difference between the two groups(P <0.01).Conclusion The combination of TCM with western medicine for depressive neurosis is effective with short course of treatment.

Objective To compare the effectiveness and safety of ultra-early (< 24 h)and delayed (≥ 24 h ) endovascular embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms with systematic review. Methods PubMed,Embase,the Cochrane Library,VIP,Wanfang Data,and China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI)were retrieved according to inclusion,exclusion criteria and retrieval strategies,and the clinical literature of ultra-early and delayed endovascular embolization for the treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms were obtained. The Review Manager 5. 3 software was used to conduct Meta-analysis for good prognosis rate,postoperative mortality,and postoperative rebleeding rate. Results A total of 10 articles were included,9 of them were retrospective control studies and 1 was prospective control study. A total of 2 021 patients were enrolled,including 970 patients treated with ultra-early treatment;1 051 patients treated with delayed treatment. There was significant difference in the good prognosis rate (OR,2. 67,95% CI 2. 07 -3. 44,P < 0. 01)and the postoperative rebleeding rate (OR,0. 23,95% CI 0. 11 -0. 47)between the ultra - early embolization group and the delayed embolization group (all P < 0. 01). There were no significant difference in the mortality between the two groups (OR,0. 76,95% CI 0. 51 -1. 13,P = 0. 17). The subgroup analysis showed that there were significant differences in the good prognosis rate in the ultra-early group compared with the early group (< 3 d,OR,1. 98,95% CI 1. 33 -2. 95)and the middle and late group (≥3 d,OR,4. 66,95% CI 2. 21 -9. 81,all P < 0. 01). Conclusion Compared with the delayed group, ultra-early embolization of ruptured intracranial aneurysms may improve the good prognosis rate,reduce the rebleeding rate,and not increase the mortality after procedure at the same time. However,more high quality and large sample randomized controlled trials are needed to confirm them.

Objective To investigate the expression of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in an endolymphatic hydrops ani-mal model .Methods Forty adult guinea pigs were randomly divided into experiment group and control group (20 animals in each group ) . Guinea pigs in the experiment group were treated with deamino arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) intraperitoneally at the dosage of 4 μg · kg -1 · d-1 for 7 days ,while those in the control group were treated with physiological saline .The endolymphatic hydrops and expression of AQP2 in cochleas of all animals were evaluated by Hematoxylin and Eosin stain ,immunohistochemistry and Western blot .Results The endolymphatic hydrops in the experiment group were more severe than that in the control group(P<0 .05) .Expression of AQP2 were found in the stria vascularis and spiral ganglions in both groups with similar patterns .Both immunohistochem-istry and Western blot showed that the expressions of AQP2 in the experiment group were significantly stronger(P<0 .05 ) .Conclusion DDAVP can up-regulate the expression of AQP2 in the cochleae of guinea pigs ,thus may be closely related to the pathogenesis of endolymphatic hydrops .

Objective To study the change of maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin(MShCG) in preterm labor and the relationship between hCG and placental pathological changes. Metheds The preterm labor patients were chosen as the research subjects, the normal late-pregnancy women with the same gestational age were chosen as controls. MShCG level were measured by radioimmunoassy (RIA), placental tissue of preterm labor women was examined histologically. hCG in placental tissue was examined by semiquantiative immunohistochemistry. Results MShCG in preterm labor was significantly higher than that of control P

Objective To study the value of the new method of abdominal wall low frequency vibration (AWLFV) by prenatal ultrasound in diagnosis and differential diagnosis of placenta membranacea (PM).Methods Thirty-six cases of abnormal placenta were enrolled into the study.AWLFV was used in all 36 cases.The vibration was conducted with a frequency of 3 to 5 times per second and a duration less than 3 seconds at a time.And then the placenta was immediately observed to record the placenta echogenicity changes,and in the same place the thickness of the placenta was measured.The echo characteristics of PM and other abnormal placenta was compared.Results Thirty-six cases were finally diagnosed as complete PM in 2 cases,partial PM in 16 cases,placental sinus in 15 cases,and placental chorionic hemangioma in 3 cases.The echo characteristics of complete and partial PM were obviously different before and after AWLFV on ultrasonic image.The homogeneous echotexture of PM before AWLFV was changed immediately to the inhomogeneous echotexture after AWLFV.The spiral shape of the placenta was displayed.And in other plasentaI anomalies this feature was not observed before and after vibration.Conclusion The AWLFV is an effective method in diagnosis and differentiation of PM.

Bacterial biofilm is responsible for a wide variety of nosocomial infections.Many chronic infectious diseases are closely correlated with biofilm formation in the clinic.As the biofilm growth,bacterial clusters detachment and dispersal from mature mixed-species biofilms will result in repeated acute infections.Here reviews three distinct biofilm dispersal strategies: swarming dispersal,clumping dispersal and surface dispersal.Many factors,such as heredity and increased fluid shear in the environment,contribute to this complex and dynamic process.Fundamental investigation upon biofilm will benefit clinical therapy of biofilm-associated infections.

Objective To analyze the serum polypeptide fingerprints of Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) bloodstream infection in mice at different time points using matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-FOF MS), screen differential polypeptide peaks, and create a corresponding diagnostic model and look for new markers. Methods Ninety ICR mice were used to establish E. faecium bloodstream infection model (including 10 mice as normal control group with PBS injection, and 80 mice as the infection group with 1/2 LD50 E. faecium injection in a volume of 0.1 ml/10 g by the intravenous tail). Blood samples were collected at 8 time points (1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96 and 128 h), and tested for IL-1α, IL-1β and IL-6 detection. Serum samples were then purified with weak cation magnetic beads, the serum polypeptide profiling was recognized by MALDI-TOF MS and BioExplorer software between infection group and normal control group. Amino acid sequences of the candidate polypeptides were identified by nano-liquid chromatography electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (nano-LC/ESI–MS/MS). Results After infected with E. faecium, the mice showed abnormal behaviors compared with the normal control group, including listless and reduced activity; IL-1α was down-regulated, while IL-1β and IL-6 were up-regulated. A total of 102 polypeptide peaks were detected by fingerprints analysis. Screening on the basis of 5 times difference in content in both infection group and control group, 8 polypeptides were higher in infection group than those in control group (P<0.01), and 9 polypeptides were lower in infection group than those in control group (P<0.01). Combining five polypeptide peaks of m/z 1227.4, 1512.9, 4509.7, 5007.3 and 7816.7, the corresponding diagnostic model was established with accuracy rate of 80%, specificity of 76.6% and sensitivity of 83.3%. Identified by secondary mass spectrometry, polypeptide peaks m/z 1227.4 and 5007.3 were the fragment of β2microglobulin and complement C3, respectively. Conclusions MALDI-TOF MS combined with BioExplorer software, when used as a new method to study the E. faecium bloodstream infection, may find the differential polypeptides between infection group and control group, and can effectively establish a diagnostic model of bloodstream infection. β2-microglobulin and complement C3 are expected to become the new biomarkers for auxiliary diagnosis of bacterial bloodstream infection.

Objective To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) and acupuncture (A) on the proliferation of stem cells in the subependymal zone (SPZ) of the lateral ventricle and the frontal lobe cortex in hyperlipemia(HL) combined with cerebral ischemia (CI) rats. Methods A total of 72 male SD rats were randomized into control,HL,HL+ EA,CI,CI+A,HL+CI,HL+CI+EAⅠ and HL+CI+EAⅡgroups (n= 9 /group).HL model was established by feeding the animals with high fat forage for 6 weeks and CI model was established by FeCl3-induced occlusion of the unilateral middle cerebral artery. EA was applied to "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) once daily for 17 days for HL+ EA group; and acupuncture to "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Shuigou" (GV 26) once daily for 7 days for CI+A group. For HL+CI+EA Ⅰ group,EA was applied to SP 6+ST 40 first before CI,once daily for 10 days,followed by EA of SP 6+ST 40 and acupuncture of GV 20+GV 26 for 7 days after CI. For HL+CI+EA Ⅱ group,no treatment was given before CI,then,acupuncture of GV 20+GV 26 and EA of SP 6+ST 40 were given once daily for 7 days after CI.The immunoactivity of Nestin and proliferation cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of SPZ was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results In comparison with normal control group,the numbers of both Nestin and PCNA immunoreaction (IR) positive cells in the dorsolateral extension and the wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain increased significantly in CI and HL+CI groups (P0.05). Conclusion EA can upregulate Nestin and PCNA expression of the dorsolateral extension and the wall of the lateral ventricle of the brain on the ischemic side in rats with CI,and with HL+CI,which may contribute to its effects in promoting the proliferation and migration of neural stem cells in the brain.