Chronic constipation (CC) is one of the most common digestive diseases with high prevalence and long course.CC patients often suffer from sleep disorders and psychological problems such as anxiety and depression.Somatic and mental symptoms may affect with each other, so a vicious circle will develop to impair patients′ quality of life (QOL) and increase their economic burden.The article reviews the impact of chronic constipation on QOL and economic burden of patients, indicating that clinician should pay sufficient attentions on chronic constipation.

Objective To study the superiority and safety of cup-shaped womb manipulator auxiliary peritoneoscope in entire womb excision. Methods 180 cases with hysterectomy were randomly divided into cup-shaped womb manipulator auxiliary peritoneoscope group(treatment group) and tradition into the abdominal group( control group) ,and the amount of bleeding and postoperative complications,and patient recovery were observed in the two groups. Results Compared with the control group, the quality of life of patients with anal exhaust time, average length of staying, postoperative recovery daily time were significantly improved, and there were statistically significant differences between two groups ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). There was no serious complication in the two groups. Conclusion Cup-shaped womb manipulator auxiliary peritoneoscope hysterectomy was a safe and feasible operation,and could relieve harm and improve patients quality of life.

95%).Strains of PNSP were significantly more common than those PSSP(72.56% vs 22.72%),and strains of Sp resistant to erythromycin were significantly more common than susceptible to erythromycin too(94.42% vs 0.88%).Conclusions The antimicrobial resistance of Sp from children with lower respiratory tract infection in Wenzhou area has became a severe problem.Multi-drug resistance of Sp has been observed to chlorodeoxylincomycin,erythromycin,tetracycline and so on.The results will provide some important information for the therapy and the choice of antibiotics of Sp infection.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical effects of essential hypertension treated with acupuncture at Siguan [Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3)], Quchi (LI 11) and Xingjian (LR 2).

METHODSSixty cases of essential hypertension were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a medication group, 30 cases in each group. Two groups of acupoint, which were (1) Siguan [Hegu (LI 4) and Taichong (LR 3)] and (2) Quchi (LI 11), Xingjian (LR 2), were selected alternatively in the acupuncture group, once everyday. In the medication group, captopril was prescribed for oral administration 25 mg per time, three times per day. Seven days made one session in both groups and totally three sessions were required.

RESULTS(1) After treatment, the blood pressure were decreased significantly in the two groups (all P < 0.01). Compared with the medication group, the diastolic pressure after 14 days, 21 days of treatment in the acupuncture group was decreased significantly (both P < 0.01). (2) In the terms of TCM syndrome score, the improvement of dizziness, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, palpitations was significant in the acupuncture group compared with that in the medication group(all P < 0.05). (3) The acupuncture group had less adverse reactions compared with the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at Hegu (LI4) and Taichong (LR 3), Quchi (LI 11) and Xingjian (LR 2) can effectively decrease blood pressure; the effect of controlling diastolic pressure is better than captopril. It can also improve the symptoms of dizziness, soreness and weakness of waist and knees, and palpitations.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Blood Pressure ; Essential Hypertension ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome ; Yin Deficiency ; therapy ; Yin-Yang

OBJECTIVETo establish the analytical method for the release kinetic (RK) of Aconitum Brachypodum gel based on the nonlinear mixed effect model (NLMEM), in order to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanism.

METHODThe zero-order kinetic model containing for non-corroded drug system with the random effect was taken as the base model. The fixed effect and random effect factors impacting the drug release were analyzed by PROC NLMIXED of SAS to establish the final typical model. Subsequently, 10 training subsets were randomly extracted from the primary data to respectively their RK models, calculate the corresponding predicted root-mean-square error and average relative error, and evaluate the model stability and prediction accuracy.

RESULTThe burst effect F0 had a very significant effect on the RK model. Among the component factors, carbopol 940 showed an obvious effect on the inherence release speed constant k0 and the concentration gradient change constant a, with different variations on the basis of dosage range. The random effect factors of k0 and a had a significant impact. The final RK model was proved to be stable, effective and reliable in the cross validation.

CONCLUSIONThe drug release kinetic analysis method could be used to rationally evaluate the drug release process and explain the release mechanisms.

Aconitum ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Gels ; Kinetics ; Monte Carlo Method ; Nonlinear Dynamics

Objective To investigate the expression of Yes‐associated protein(YAP) in human papillary thyroid cancer and its influence on cell growth .Methods The samples in 57 cases of papillary thyroid cancer treated by operation resection in the gen‐eral surgery department of this hospital and the matched tumor‐adjacent tissues were collected .All the cases were definitely diag‐nosed by the pathology examination .The expression of YAP protein in the cancer tissue and corresponding tumor‐adjacent tissue were determined by the immunohistochemistry(IHC)staining .The relationship between the YAP protein and the clinicopathological data was statistically analyzed .siRNA was used to silence the expression of YAP in B‐CPAP cells ,MTT and flow cytometry were used to measure the proliferation and apoptosis changes .Results The expression level of YAP was markedly higher in papillary thyroid cancer tissues than in tumor adjacent tissues (P<0 .05);moreover the expression of YAP protein was positively correlated with the tumor size and TNM stage (P<0 .05) .Silencing YAP gene could significantly inhibit the cell proliferation ability and pro‐mote cell apoptosis(P<0 .05) .Conclusion YAP is highly expressed in papillary thyroid cancer tissues and is related with its ad‐verse clinicopathological characteristics ,down‐regulating YAP gene can significantly inhibit the cell growth .

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS)is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders,which severely affects the life quality of patients. Currently,the pathogenesis of IBS has not yet been clarified. Visceral hypersensitivity and central algesia abnormality may be involved in the pathogenesis of IBS. Antidepressants can improve abdominal pain,abdominal discomfort,mental disorders and abnormal defecation and enhance the quality of life. This article reviewed the advances in study on antidepressants in treatment of IBS.

To investigate the potential role of hepatitis B virus core protein (HBcAg) in the pathogenesis of hepatitis B and seek for an effective therapeatic approach to the treatment of hepatitis B, the improved yeast two hybrid technique was employed to construct HBcAg bait plasmid, and the plasmids were transformed into yeast AH109. Then the yeast AH109 was mated with yeast Y187 containing liver cDNA library plasmid in 2?YPDA medium, diploid yeast was plated on both synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/ Trp Leu His Ade) and synthetic dropout nutrient medium (SD/ Trp Leu His Ade) containing X ? gal to be selected and screened two times. Plasmids were extracted from sixteen positive colonies, and they were sequenced. Among them, two colonies contained metallothionein. The interaction between HBcAg and metallothionein was confirmed by in vitro reticulocyte lysate translocation and immunoprecipitation. The results suggested that the pathogenesis of hepatitis B metallothionein might play an important role in the episode process.

Objective To observe the ultrastructural changes of end-plate and gastrocnemius muscle of rats with spastic palsy after injected with botulinum toxin type A in order to provide scientific base of histomorphology for clinical use of botulinum toxin type A.Methods Wistar rats′ pyramidal tracts in experiment group were injured by electric current 2.5 mA for 30 s,twice,but 36 normal control rats were only drilled hole in skull(control group).Seventy-two rats were successful in building spastic palsy model.Botulinum toxin type A (6 U/kg) were injected into right gastrocnemius muscles of 36 spastic palsy rats (group B),and physiological saline were injected into the same muscles in 36 spastic palsy rats as control(group A).Control group were not injected.The rats of group A,group B were sacrificed on 3,7,15,30,60 and 90 days after botulinum toxin therapy,and right gastrocnemius muscles was separated for histological analysis.Results Under the electron microscope,the structure of muscle fiber in group B had changed(Z line rupture,disorder and abolition,myofilament lysis,triad tract diso-rder,vacuolar degeneration) and these changes in group B occurred earlier and were severer than those in group A.There was compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fiber at later stages in group B.During the first 15 days after botulinum toxin type A injection,there were many synaptic vesicle without pre-synaptic membranes near terminal portion of nonmedullated nerve fibers.Following this,between 15 to 30 days,there were many folds similar to postsynaptic membranes in the cellular membranes and there were many grains in it.But there was no synaptic vesicle and pre-synaptic membranes near them.Compensatory hypertrophy and atrophy of muscle fiber coexist at 90 days after injection in group B.Conclusions Injection of botulinum toxin type A maybe induce the sprout of nerve and degeneration of the partial postsynaptic where there are many grains.It also accelerates muscle atrophy,but it induces compensatory hypertrophy of muscle fiber at later stage.It implies that injection of botulinum toxin type A can improve spasm symptom of the gastrocnemius muscles and this is good for muscle fiber repairing.

Objective To investigate the effects of local wet hyperthermia combined with microwave ablationon tumor growth and serum levels of interferon-β(IFN-β)and interleukine-12(IL-12).Methods An experimental mouse model beating mammary carcinoma was established in Balb/c mice and then treated with microwave ablation after 14 d.Seven d after ablation,local wet hyperthermia was administered once weekly for 2 weeks.Tumor growth and lung metastasis,as well as the survival of bearing tumor mice were observed.The serum levels of IFN-β and IL-12 were detected with enzyme-linked immuno sorbent assay(ELISA). Results When local wet hyperthermia was combined with microwave ablation tumor growth and lung metastasis were significantly less than when microwave ablation or local wet hyperthermia was used alone(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the survival of bearing tumor mice in combined therapy group prolonged significantly compared with those receiving either therapy alone(P＜0.05).Serum levels of IFN-β and IL-12 were also significantly higher in combined therapy group compared with the other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusions Local wet hyperthermia combined with microwave ablation is more effective than either local wet hyperthermia or microwave ablation alone in retarding tumor growth,which may be related to the enhanced immune response.