OBJECTIVE: To develop the quality specification of seeds of Peganum harmala. METHODS: According to the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2010 Version, Volume 1) and its appendix method, the water, total ash, acid insoluble ash, 50% ethanol extractives, and heavy metal were analyzed for seeds of P. harmala. TLC method was used to separate harmaline (HAL), harmine (HAR) and vasicine (VAS) in seed samples using mixture of ethyl acetate-methanol-ammonia water (10:1.5:0.5) as a developing solvent on high performance silica G pre-coated plate with 254 nm fluorescent (GF254) and to identify them inspected under UV 366 nm, 254 nm, visualized by spraying with both Dragendorff reagent and by bioautographic assay. In the HPLC method, HAL and HAR were separated on a C18 column with acetonitrile-ammonium acetate water (19:81) as the mobile phase and detected at 330 nm. The HPLC fingerprints were performed on the same C18 column and eluted by using a linear gradient of acetonitrile (A) and 0.1 mmol · L-1 ammonium acetate buffer under the flow rate at 0.7 mL · min-1 and detected at 280 nm. RESULTS: In the TLC procedures, 254 and 366 nm fluorescent, Dragendorff reagent, and bioautographic assay for the detection of acetylcholinesterase inhibitor can be used for qualitative identification of the active ingredients. For the HPLC quantitative method, the calibration curve of HAR displayed ideal linearity over the range of 1.97-198.68 μg · mL-1 with average recovery of 99.69% (RSD of 1.89%). HAL displayed ideal linearity over the range of 1.70-345.30 μg · mL-1 with average recovery of 100.66% (RSD of 1.78%). The contents of HAL and HAR in 11 batches of seeds of P. harmala were 3.234% and 3.755%. In the characteristic fingerprints of seeds of P. harmala, four common peaks were identified. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the water, total ash, acid insoluble ash, and 50% ethanol extractives were not more than 9.0%, 8.0%, 1.0%, and 22.0%, respectively. The heavy metal of plumbum, cadmium, arsenic, mercury, and copper were not more than 5 × 10-6, 3 × 10-6, 2 × 10-6, 2 × 10-6 and 20 × 10-6, respectively. The content limit of the sum of HAL and HAR was not lower than 5.5%. With the peak of HAL as reference peak, the variance of relative retention time of the four common peaks, in the characteristic fingerprints of seeds off. harmala, should be fluctuated in the range of 5% of the specified value. The qualitative and quantitative method established was suitable for the quality evaluation and assessment of seeds of P. harmala.

OBJECTIVE: In those patients by monitoring and analyzing the whole blood concentrations of sirolimus of 410 cases of patients underwent kidney transplant, To provide guidance for the reasonable utilization of medications. METHODS: Chemiluminescence microparticles immuno assay (CMIA) was used to determine the whole blood concentrations of sirolimus of 42 patients (410 cases) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University hospital, from January 2013 to March 2015 years. Then the relationships between the whole blood concentrations of sirolimus and ALT, AST, T-CHO, TG or platelet count were analyzed. RESULTS: In our study, the average whole blood concentration of sirolimus of 410 cases was (5.6±2.9) ng·mL-1, ranging from 1.02 to 22.85 ng·mL-1. Three hundred and six cases got concentrations of 4~8 ng·mL-1, accounted for 74.6%. 46 cases(11.2%)got concentrations less than 4 ng·mL-1 and 58 cases with concentrations more than 8 ng·mL-1 accounted for 14.2%. The whole blood concentration of sirolimus of those patients showed positive correlations with ALT, AST, T-CHO, TG(P <0.05) and negative correlation with platelet count(r=-0.231, P<0.05). Patients with abnormal blood drug concentration may be related to compliance, diet, blood volume, genotype, combination and individual differences. CONCLUSION: With a narrow therapeutic window, individualized dosage regimens need to be adopted and the blood concentration of which should be monitored when sirolimus was used. Close attention should be paid to the concentration of blood fat, and the blood concrentration of sirolimus need timely adjustment to guarantee a considerable efficacy and reduce the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To illustrate the expressional distribution of heat shock protein 70(HSP 70) in the kidney of acute renal injury rats caused by gentamicin.Methods One hundred and fifty rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: group A (normal group), group B [80 mg/(kg?d) gentamicin to be injected], group C [160 mg/(kg?d) gentamicin to be given]. The variations of renal pathology were observed at different time phasess by light scope and electromicroscope. Simultaneously, the expression of HSP 70 in kidney was evaluated by immunohistochemistry.Results HSP 70 distributed in epithelial cells of renal tubular in acute injury rats. The expression of HSP 70 increased markedly from the 6th hour after injection, peaked at the 12th hour and lasted for 48 hours. The expression of HSP 70 in group C was higher than that in group B(P

Objective To analyze the change of serum levels of neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) and C reactive protein (CRP) and their early diagnostic value in hand‐foot‐mouth disease (HFMD) complicating encephalitis .Methods One hundred and twenty cases of HFMD and 50 healthy children(healthy control group) served as the research subjects and the HFMD cases were divided into the common HFMD group (n=70) and HFMD complicating encephalitis group (n=50) according to the clinical manifesta‐tions .The enterovirus 71 (EV71) in throat swab was detected by quantitative PCR .The NSE and CRP levels were detected by en‐zyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ,and white blood cell (WBC) count was measured by hematology analyzer .The NSE and CRP levels were compared and their diagnostic values were analyzed .Results The serum NSE and CRP levels in the HFMD complicating encephalitis group were higher than those in the HFMD common group and control group ,the differences were statis‐tically significant (P< 0 .05) ,and which in the EV71 positive group were significantly higher than those in the EV71 negative group ,the differences were statistically significant (P<0 .05) ,but WBC count had no statistically significant difference (P>0 .05) . The serum NSE level was positively correlated with the CRP level (r=0 .43 ,P<0 .01) .The area under ROC curves (AUC) and 95% CI of NSE and CRP were 0 .893(95% CI:0 .833 -0 .952) and 0 .867(95% CI:0 .799 -0 .934) ,the optimal operating points (OOP) were 11 .6 ng/mL and 14 .15 mg/L respectively ,the sensitivity and specificity of NSE and CRP for diagnosing HFMD com‐plicating encephalitis were 80 .0% ,86 .00% and 81 .4% ,78 .6% respectively ,while which of their combined detection were 88 .0%and 85 .7% ,AUC and 95% CI was 0 .927(95% CI:0 .845-0 .969) .Conclusion The NSE and CRP levels in children patients with early HFMD complicating encephalitis are significantly increased ,especially which in the patients with EV71 positive is more signif‐icant .The combined detection of serum NSE and CRP levels can be used as the early sensitive indicators for diagnosing HFMD complicating encephalitis .

Objective To investigate the correlation between the results of HBsAg positive results among different detection systems,and provide reference for the analysis of clinical test results and the publication of the report.Methods The HBsAg positive serum specimens with the quantitation result lower than 80 COI were detected by Roche Cobas e602 electrochemical luminescence analyzer.All the specimens were also detected by Roche Modular e170 electrochemical luminescence analyzer.The differences of detecting results were compared and performed the linear correlation analysis.Results The experimental results of two detection systems are R2 =0.933.The positive coincidences of Group A,B,C,D and E were 60.60％,92.72％,96.66％,96.66％ and 100％,respectively.The positive coincidence of the males was 87.66％,while the positive coincidence of the females was 70.96 ％.The positive coincidence of the males was significantly higher than the females (P＜0.05).Conclusion The HBsAg detecting results of Roche Cobas e602 and Roche Modular e170 electrochemical luminescence analyzer had high correlation.The results higher than 10 COI had 100％ positive coincidence rate,however the results between 1 and 10 COI were not.The result between 1 and 10 COI may lead to controversial results,suggestions for further checks.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of disinfectant (Cavicide) with benzethon chloramine and isopropanol as main active ingredients disinfectant on dental impression accuracy. METHODS: The effect of Cavicide on three impression materials (alginate, polyether and vinylpolysiloxane) were assessed using a standard model. The standard model was digitized by an extraoral scanner (IScan D103i, Imetric). For each kind of impression materials, thirty impressions were taken following the manufactures' instruction in the same conditions. Subsequently, the impressions were randomly divided into three groups, with ten impressions in each group. After the impression taking was completed, the three groups underwent pure water rinse for 1 min (blank control, BC), 2% glutaraldehyde solution immersion disinfection for 30 min (glutaraldehyde, GD), and Cavicide solution spray disinfection for 5 min (Cavicide, CC), respectively. All the impressions were digitized by the extraoral scanner (IScan D103i, Imetric) after disinfection and exported to a dedicated three-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic Qualify 2014, Geomagic, USA). In the software, the digital models of the impressions were trimmed to teeth and then superimposed with the digitized standard model via best-fit alignment. Root mean square (RMS) was used to evaluate the deviations between the impression and the standard model. The deviation in the anterior and posterior regions was evaluated respectively. One-way ANOVA test and the LSD post-hoc test were used to compare the deviations between the three groups (P < 0.05). The color map of each superimposition was saved for visual analysis. RESULTS: For the polyether and vinylpolysiloxane materials, the difference between the three groups was not statistically significant (P=0.933, P=0.827). For the alginate material, the difference in posterior region between group GD and group BC, as well as group GD and group CC were statistically significant (GD vs. BC, P=0.001; GD vs. CC, P=0.002), while the difference between group BC and group CC was not statistically significant (P=0.854). The visual analysis showed an obvious deviation in the buccal-lingual direction in group GD. CONCLUSION Disinfectant (Cavicide) with benzethon chloramine and isopropanol as main active ingredients using spray disinfection has no effect on the accuracy of the alginate, polyether and vinylpolysiloxane impressions.
2-Propanol ; Chloramines ; Dental Impression Materials ; Dental Impression Technique ; Disinfectants ; Disinfection ; Models, Dental

HPLC analysis was performed to study the changes in chemical composition of ginseng extracts prepared from high quality ginseng with 0, 2, 4, 8 h of steamed times. An UFLC-MS/MS multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) quantitative analysis was made to investigate the pharmacokinetic behavior differences of ginsenosides in mice ig administered of ginseng extracts with different steamed times in the negative ion mode, with Digoxin as the internal standard substance. The mice were injected with LPS to establish inflammation model after ig administration of ginseng for a week and the contents of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in mice plasma were detected by ELISA, in order to study on anti-inflammatory effects of ginseng with different steamed times. It was determined that levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased in inflammation model group ig administered of ginseng extracts with 8h of steamed time. The results showed that the chemical components in ginseng changed after steaming and the components into the blood changed, correspondingly. Ginseng with steamed 8 h contributes to anti-inflammatory effects. These results provided an experimental basis for revealing the active substance basis and dose-effect relationship of ginseng on anti-inflammatory effect.
Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Inflammation ; drug therapy ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Panax ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Objective To explore the effect of medical assessment on the rehabilitation training of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Methods There were 67 children with ASD selected from special education schools .Their developmental level , ability of social life and social communication were evaluated by child health care physicians .There were 48 children classified as intervention group:individualized rehabilitation training targets were designed based on the assessment results and individualized rehabilitation training program was carried out .The other 19 children were served as controls and routine rehabilitation training was carried out .All children were reevaluated by physicians with the same methods after training for one year . Results The adaptability , language level and communication ability of children in the intervention group improved better than the control group , with statistically significant difference. Conclusion It is beneficial to develop training programs for children with ASD on the basis of medical assessment which can promote the development level of ASD children , social life ability and communication ability .

Objective: To compare the relationship of ingredients and pharmacokinetics of steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma (the roots of Panax notoginseng) with different time (0, 2, 4, and 8 h), and accompany with its anti-platelet aggregation activity. Methods: The components with different steaming duration were determined by HPLC method. Concentration of saponins in Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma before and after steaming at different time points were detected by UPLC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters of each compound were calculated using DAS 3.2.6 software. The anti-platelet aggregation activity was measured by platelet aggregation/clotting analyzer. Results: The results showed that the steaming process reduced the contents of certain bioactive substances (NG-R1, Rg1, Rd, Rb1, and Re) and produced some new components (Rh1, Rg3, Rk3, and Rh4). Ginsenoside Rg3, deglycosylated metabolites of ginsenoside Rb1 possessed lower tmax than ginsenoside Rb1 that indicated the course of deglycosylation made faster absorption. Steamed Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma had stronger antiplatelet activity, following higher antiplatelet and anticoagulant activities with increasing steaming durations. Conclusion: The results inspire us that saponins may become more active ingredients after deglycosylation, saponins with deglycosylated in vitro become more and more active ingredients into the blood, which could make stronger anticoagulant activity.

Objective: To study the chemical constituents from n-butanol-souluble part of Lycii Cortex (the root bark of Lycium chinense). Methods: The air-dried Lycii Cortex were powdered and extracted with 70% ethanol under reflux. After the removal of solvent under reduced pressure, the crude extract was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol successively. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS and semi-prepared high performance liquid chromatography from the n-butanol part of Lycii Cortex. The structures were identified by nuclear magnetic spectrometry, mass spectrometry and other spectral analyses. Results: Ten compounds were isolated from n-butanol parts of Lycii Cortex and characterized as (1'S,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (1), (1'R,2R,5S,10R)-2-(1',2'-dihydroxy-1'-methylethyl)-6,10-dimethylspiro [4,5] dec-6-en-8-one 2'-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (2), (1R,6R,9S)-6,9,11-trihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one 11-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), vanillic acid-4-O-β- D-glucopyranoside (4), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid (5), 3,4-dihydroxybenzenepropionic acid methyl ester (6), glucosyringic acid (7), dihydrophaseic acid 3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (8), isoscoploletin-β-D-glucoside (9) and fabiatrin (10). Conclusion: Compound 3 is isolated from Solanaceae family for the first time and compounds 1, 2 and 4 are isolated from Lycium genus for the first time. The NMR data of compound 2 is first reported as well.