The Chinese philosophy of Confucianism said “What I heard I forgot, what I see, I remember, what I do, I understand.” During this time, most of the teaching and learning process relies on viewing and listening modalities only. As a result, much information does not last long in memory as well as the material understanding achieves became less deep. In studying anatomy science, drawing is one of effective important methods because it is an integration of ideas and knowledge of vision thereby increasing comprehension and learning motivation of college students. The purpose of this research is to know the musculoskeletal anatomy comprehension by drawing learning method in Medical Faculty student. This research uses observational analytic design with the cross-sectional design. Total sampling was done to the entire student of Physiotherapy Study Program in 2012, 2013, and 2014, Medical Faculty of Udayana University. The average value of musculoskeletal anatomy of the student in 2012, 2013, and 2014 sequentially are 31.67, 33.57, and 45.00, respectively. Normality test with Shapiro-Wilk and homogeneity with Levene's test showed normal results and homogeneous. One-way ANOVA test between groups showed a significant result that is 11.00 (P < 0.05). It is concluded that the drawing method can improve the musculoskeletal anatomy comprehension in Medical Faculty student.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Comprehension* ; Confucianism ; Faculty, Medical* ; Humans ; Learning ; Memory ; Methods* ; Motivation ; Philosophy

Introduction: There is an overwhelming need for worldwide applicable subjective grading systems for patients' anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. The scoring system should be validated for their use in advance related measurements. For the Indonesian language speaking population, only the Kujala Patellofemoral Score (KPS) questionnaire has been translated and validated into the Indonesian language for diseases related to knee pain, but none for ACL tears. The present study aims at cross-cultural adaption to measure the validity and reliability of the Kujala patellofemoral score Indonesian version (KPS-I) specifically for ACL tear patients. Material and methods: The responses of 106 ACL tear patients on two questionnaires comprising the KPS-I and Short Form (SF)–36 were examined by determining the validity and reliability. We conducted the validity construct and content, so the reliability was evaluated by test-retest reliability, internal consistency and measurement error. In addition, the research utilised the Bland and Altman method to explore absolute agreement. Results: The construct and content validity were good, where all hypotheses were confirmed, and the floor or ceiling effect did not occur. The reliability proved excellent between test and retest (ICC=0.99). An internal consistency showed a good Cronbach α of 0.86. The standard error of measurement (SEM), minimal detectable change at the individual (MDCind), and minimal detectable change at the group (MDCgrp) were determined to be 2.1, 5.8, and 0.7, respectively. The application of the Bland and Altman plot method revealed no bias in this study. Conclusion: The validation procedure shows that the KPS-I is a good evaluation instrument for Indonesian patients with ACL tear. However, it is suggested that this score be used for follow-up of patients after ACL reconstruction procedure, especially with anterior knee pain related to the original objective of the Kujala score.

Aims: This study was conducted to observe the stability of Spondias pinnata leaf (SPL) extract antibacterial at different pH, salt concentration and temperature, to examine its antibacterial effectivity on minced fish, and to determine its fraction’s antibacterial mechanism. Methodology and results: The tested SPL ethanolic extract, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water fractions’ antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolitycus. Its stability against pH, salt, and thermal variation was studied, as well as the mechanism and application in fish. Ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction showed the highest activity against B. cereus (MIC 0.62 mg/mL). Protein profile analysis using gel electrophoresis showed that B. cereus cells exposed with SPL ethyl acetate fraction and water fraction showed thinner protein bands as compared to control. Severe damage of the cells treated with 3 MIC was also observed under SEM. Antibacterial activity of SPL ethanolic against Bacillus cereus and Vibrio parahaemolitycus were stable against heat treatment (80–121 °C for 15 min) and NaCl treatment (0–10% w/v), whereas the inhibition zone respectively at pH 4 (10.31±0.25 and 8.09±0.97 mm) was higher than pH 7 (8.45±0.52 and 6.66±1.84 mm). Application of SPL ethanolic extract in fish broth showed higher antibacterial activity than in fish flesh, which gave bactericidal effect at 3 MIC. Conclusion, significance and impact of study Ethanol extract can be developed as a natural preservative in fish

INTRODUCTION: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of systemic chronic progressive inflammatory disorders based on immunological disharmonies. Poorly controlled systemic inflammation in RA often leads to renal diseases such as secondary amyloidosis. CASE PRESENTATION: A 30-year-old man complained of swelling and tenderness of multiple joints gradually worsened the past 7 years. His laboratory examination showed anemia, positive rheumatoid factor (RF) and anti-citrullinated protein antibody (ACPA). C-reactive protein (CRP) was 48.7 mg/L (Normal value is <5 mg/L), increase in serum creatinine and protein was +3 in urine. His estimated glomerular filtration rate (e-GFR) was 58.3 mL/min/1.73 m2 Radiologic examinations of joints revealed features that support the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Renal biopsy was done revealed amyloid deposit. He was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and secondary renal amyloidosis. CONCLUSION: Early proper diagnosis of RA is important and immunosuppressive drugs might slow disease progression by controlling the inflammatory process We discussed the importance of early diagnosis and the use of better treatment in managing RA to prevent renal amyloidosis.
Amyloidosis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Early Diagnosis