20?10 6/L were observed in the blood. No patients presented bone pain, fever, abnormal function of liver and kidney, and so on. Conclusions:Our results indicated that rhG-CSF is efficacious and safe in auto-PBSCT for patients with plasma cell diseases. Therefore, the expense of hospitalization would be reduced significantly.

Objective To determine the median effective concentration (EC50) of remifentanil inhibiting responses to tracheal extubation in patients of Uygur nationality.Methods The patients of Uygur nationality,aged 18-60 yr,of ASA physical status Ⅰ or [Ⅱ,scheduled for elective surgery,were enrolled in this study.After the end of surgery,remifentanil was given by target-controlled infusion until tracheal extubation.The initial target plasma concentration (Cp) of remifentanil was 2.0 ng/ml.The response was defined as positive when MAP and/or HR increased by ＞ 15％ of the level at the end of operation and the duration ＞ 15 s during extubation.Each time the target Cp increased/decreased if the cardiovascular response was positive or negative.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.1.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of remifentanil blunting responses to extubation was calculated by Probit method.Results Twenty-eight patients completed the study.The EC50 and 95 ％ confidence interval of remifentanil required for inhibiting the responses to extubation was 1.75 ng/ml and 1.45-2.01 ng/ml.Conclusion The EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting the responses to tracheal extubation is 1.75 ng/ ml in patients of Uygur nationality.

Objective To observe the inhibitory effect of atorvastatin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in SD rats and study their possible mechanism.Methods 30 male SD mice under SPF condition with average body weight of 250g were randomly allocated to three groups (n =10,each) of saline control group (control group),bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis group (pulmonary fibrosis group) and atorvastatin treatment group (treatment group).Bleomycin (5mg/kg) (versus 0.2 ml saline in control group) were endotracheally instilled in pulmonary fibrosis group and the treatment group in order to establish the model of pulmonary fibrosis.Subsequently,the rats in the treatment group received daily atorvastatin (10 mg/kg) orally.5 rats in each group were sacrificed on 7th and 28th day after intratracheal instillation.Their lung tissues were taken and tested.The histological changes in the lungs were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin and masson stain.The tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) level and hydroxyproline content in lung tissues were measured by enzymelinked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).The expressions of Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2) protein and mRNA in lung tissues were measured by Western blotting and Real-Time PCR.Results The lung tissue in model group had significant bleeding and oozing inflammatory response on the 7th day and pulmonary fibrosis on the 28th day.Bleeding and oozing inflammatory response and pulmonary fibrosis were subdued in treatment group on the same days as compared to the model group.Hydroxyproline and TNF-α contents in lung tissue were significantly higher in model group than in control group (both P＜0.05).KLF2 protein and KLF2-mRNA expressions in lung tissues were significantly lower in model group than in control group (both P＜0.05).The above changes were partially reversed in treatment group.Compared to model group,treatment group showed that hydroxyproline and TNF-α contents in lung tissues were significantly reduced (both P＜0.05) and KLF2 protein and KLF2 mRNA expressions in lung tissues were significantly increased (both P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Atorvastatin can reduce the secretion of TNF-α and alleviate bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis.The mechanism inhibiting fibrosis might be associated with up-regulation of KLF2-mRNA expression.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of child-onset relapsing polychondritis (CORP). Methods The clinical manifestations of 11 CORP cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results Eleven cases of CORP were collected with Male to Female ratio of 5 ∶6; the mean age of disease onset was (11±4)(3-15) years; and the mean age of final diagnosis was(16±5)(6-22) years-old. The mean time of delay of diagnosis was(55±46)(2-144) month. Nine cases were simple CORP and 2 cases were concurred with SLE and pSS respectively. Laryngotracheal symptoms as initial presentation was seen in 7/11(64%) of cases, followed by rhinitis, eye involvement and arthritis. Laryngotracheal involvement occurred in 10/11 (91%) cases and 6/11(55%) underwent trachectomy when the diagnosis was made, followed by eye and nose involvement (saddle nose)(46% each), involvement of auricular cartilage,vestibule disorder and arthritis (36% each). Elevation of ESR or CRP(36%) were observed and positive autoantibody(18%) were detected in serology study; 9/11 (82%) were treated with steroid combined immunosuppressant. All cases were improvedor stable except 2 cases with exacerbation after upper respiratory infection during the follow-up of mean(27±15)(4-48) month. Conclusion Laryngopharyngeal involvement is the most common phenomenon in CORP and is associated with poor prognosis due to diagnosis delay. Imaging investigation may provide useful evidence for early diagnosis. Aggressive treatment is helpful in improving outcome.

Objective:To induce myeloma specific cytotoxic T cells response in vitro mediated by autologous dendritic cells generating from multiple myeloma(MM) patients.Methods:Monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of MM patients were cultured in serum free medium with 800 U/ml GM CSF and 600 U/ml IFN? for 8 days to generate DCs.These DCs were pulsed by U 266 cells treated with mitomycin C and their lysates,and then incubated with autologus T lymphocytes for 5～7 days to induce antigen specific CTL.MTT assay was performed to examine the U 266 cell specific lysis.Results:DCs derived from MM patients carried a typical dendritic like morphology,they highly expressed CD86,CD54 and class II MHC molecule(HLA DR) on cell surface.Specific killing of U 266 cells mediated by DCs were tested with MTT assay.At an effector/target ratio of 20/1,specific cytotoxic activities against U 266 cells(28.0%?7.6% and 21.2%?5.4%,respectively),were observed,but without antigen stimulation,the killing rate was 11.7%?4.3%,without DC mediation,the killing rate was 15.6%?4.8% and 13.1%?5.5%(P

Objectives To investigate the efficacy and toxicity of bortezomib based combination therapy for Chinese patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma(MM),and to determine the combination regimen,dosage and cycles in application of bortezomib for MM therapy.Methods Forty-six patients with refractory or relapsed myeloma were treated with bortezomib(1.3 mg/m2)as an intravenous bolus twice weekly for 2 weeks on day 1,4,8,and 11 in a 3-4 week cycle,in combination with dexamethasone,dexamethasone plus thalidomide, CD(C-cytoxan,D-dexamethasone),MD(M- mitoxsnteone),DCEP(E-etoposide,P-platinol),and DT-PACE regimens(T-thalidomide,A-adriamycin). Response to bortezomib was evaluated according to the criteria of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG)before initiation of each cycle.Adverse events were graded according to the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria,version 3.0.Forty-nine matched patients with relapsed and refractory MM who received thalidomide based combination therapy were used as a historical control group.Results Among 43 of the 46 patients whom could be evaluated,the overall response rate was 72.1%(the control group was 51.0%,P＜0.05),including complete response in 5 patients(11.6%),very good partial response in 12 patients(27.9%),and partial response in 14 patients(32.6%).The overall response rate after one and two cycles was 30.2%and 58.1%(P＜0.05),respectively.The frequent adverse events were thromboeytopenia(62.8%),fatigue(55.8%),nausea(51.2%)and peripheral neuropathy (30.2%);all of the events could be tolerated.The most common adverse event in the control group was constipation(69.4%),followed by fatigue(59.2%)and dizziness(46.9%).Conclusions Bortezomib based combination therapy is a new effective therapy in relapsed or refractory myeloma patients with a higher response rate and difierent toxicities as compared with thalidomide based combinations.

Objective: To investigate the impact of thyroid hormone on atrial ifbrillation (AF) prevalence in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF).
Methods: A total of 322 non-valvular heart disease CHF patients treated in our hospital from 2011-0-01 to 2012-10-01 were retrospectively studied. Based on previous history and the ECG at admission, the patients were divided into 2 groups: AF group,n=187 and Sinus rhythm group,n=135. The proifle of serum levels of free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), hyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and LDL-C were examined within 24 hours of admission; 12 lead ECG and echocardiography were conducted to analyze the related factor for AF occurrence.
Results: Compared with Sinus rhythm group, AF group had increased FT4 level as 14.52 (12.74, 15.85) pmol/L vs 13.11 (11.68, 14.85) pmol/L,P<0.001, while FT3 level was similar between 2 groups as 4.06 (3.76, 4.44) pmol/L vs 4.1(3.80, 4.52) pmol/L,P=0.250. Spearman related analysis indicated that FT4 level was positively related to left atrial dimension (LAD) (r=0.134,P=0.016), FT3 level was positively related to LDL-C (r=0.235,P<0.001) and negatively related to age (r=-0.268, P<0.001). Taking FT4 as the continuous variable, Logistic regression analysis indicated that FT4 level [OR=1.227, 95% CI (1.112-1.354),P<0.001], LAD [OR=1.154, 95% CI (1.105-1.205),P<0.001], age [OR=1.038, 95% CI (1.012-1.064),P=0.003], CHF duration [OR=1.111, 95% CI (1.021-1.209),P=0.015], LDL-C level [OR=0.689, 95% CI (0.493-0.963),P=0.029] were related to AF prevalence in CHF patients.
Conclusion: High serum level of FT4 may increase the risk AF occurrence in CHF patients.

Objective To study the feasibility and accuracy of real-time three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (RT 3D-TEE) in measuring the aortic annulus dimension(AAD),and compared with CT measurements.Methods The AAD was measured by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE),transesophageal echocardiography(TEE) and RT 3D-TEE in 26 cases who were refered to our center for transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI).Cross-sectional RT 3D-TEE can offer the AAD derived from the aortic annulus area,the maximal AAD,the minimal AAD and the eccentric index(the maximal AAD/the minimal AAD).The echo dimensions were compared with the CT measurements.Results No statistically significant differences were found between RT 3D-TEE and CT,and they have the best correlation(r =0.92,P ＜ 0.05).Meanwhile,There was no statistically significant difference in the eccentric index of the AAD between RT 3D-TEE and CT(1.25± 0.12 vs 1.28± 0.13,P ＞0.05).Conclusions RT-3D TEE imaging not only measure the AAD accurately,but also provide the maximal AAD,minimal AAD and the eccentric index for TAVI.

Objective To discuss the preliminary experience of transcatheter aortic valve implatantion in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis. Methods The baseline characteristics, hemodynamic changes and clinical outcomes of the patients received TAVI in our institution were analyzed. Results A total of 36 patients underwent TAVI between April 2012 and March 2014. The mean age was (73.4±8.7) years and 24 (66.7%) of them were men. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was (20.6±9.9)%. 25(70%) patients had bicuspid aortic valves. TAVI was successful in 35 patients (97.2%) and valve-in-valve implantation was required in 4 (11.1%) of them. After the procedure, the mean aortic-valve gradient reduced to (10.5±5.7) mmHg. In 2 patients (5.6%), there was marginal moderate periprosthetic leak. At 30 days, the survival rate was 97.2%. Two patients (5.6%) developed who later showed fuel recovery, without significant sequela. Permanent pacemakers were implanted in 10 patients (27.8%) due to the onset of third-degree atrioventricular block after TAVI. To date, the median follow-up duration has exceeded 323 days. 2 patients died of cancer on 374 days and 680 days after TAVI, respectively. Conclusions TAVI is feasible, safe and effective in treating severe stenosis of bicuspid as well as tricuspid aortic valve in selected Chinese patients unsuitable for surgery.

Objective To explore the feasibility of biplane-transesophageal echocardiography (Bip-TEE) in measuring the aortic annulus dimension (AAD).Methods Totally 24 patients underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) were collected,and their AAD was measured by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography (2D-TTE),two-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (2D-TEE),Bip-TEE and three-dimensional transesophageal echocardiography (3D-TEE) respectively.These four methods were compared with each other.The correlation between 3D-TEE measures and other three methods were analyzed.Results The AAD measured by 2D-TTE,2DTEE,Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE were (22.02±2.21)mm,(23.34±2.34)mm,(23.89±2.37)mm,(24.21±2.78)mm,respectively.The differences among 4 groups was significant (F=3.88,P=0.01).No statistically significant differences were found between Bip-TEE and 3D-TEE,2D-TEE and 3DTEE,Bip TEE and 2D-TEE (all P＞0.05).There were significant differences between 2D-TTE and 2D-TEE,2D-TTE and Bip-TEE,2D-TTE and 3D-TEE (all P＜0.05).The AAD measured by 3D-TEE were positively correlated with that of 2D-TTE,2D-TEE,Bip-TE (r=0.79,0.88,0.94,all P＜0.05).Conclusion Bip-TEE is a feasible method to measure the AAD rapidly and can provide reliable measurements for the prosthetic valve size in TAVI.