Objective: To investigate the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and its influencing factors among female sex workers (FSWs) in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Methods: According to the HIV/AIDS Sentinel Surveillance Plan, FSWs at ages of 15 to 65 years monitored by the national AIDS surveillance sentinel in Jiaxing City were recruited, and demographic information, awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge and related behaviors were collected by questionnaire surveys. Factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge were identified by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 430 questionnaires were allocated, and 412 were valid, with an effective rate of 95.81%. The respondents had a mean age of (28.58±4.93) years, and included 258 unmarried FSWs (62.62%), 344 with registered residence outside Zhejiang Province (83.50%), 212 with junior high school education or below (51.46%) and 243 from high-end entertainment places (58.98%). The overall awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs was 20.39%, and the awareness of "Transfusion of blood containing hepatitis C virus may acquire hepatitis C" (38.83%) and the awareness of "tattooing, eyebrow tattooing and ear piercing in streets or small shops may infect hepatitis C" (38.11%) were relatively low. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified marital status (divorced or widowed, OR=0.161, 95%CI: 0.054-0.482), educational level (high school or technical secondary school, OR=2.568, 95%CI: 1.446-4.560; junior college or above, OR=6.110, 95%CI: 2.658 -14.045) and grade of entertainment places (high-end entertainment places, OR=2.756, 95%CI: 1.525-4.982) as factors affecting the awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge among FSWs. Conclusion FSWs in Jiaxing City have a low awareness of hepatitis C prevention and control knowledge, especially lacking of knowledge about the transmission routes and prognosis of hepatitis C.

Objective:To observe the multimodal imaging features of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (30 eyes) of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19 admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou in December 2022 were included in the study. There were 5 males and 11 females, with the mean age of (26.69±9.88) years; 14 patients were bilateral and 2 patients were unilateral. The time of ocular symptoms after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was (2.63±0.89) days. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrtected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color photography (FP), infrared fundus photography (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed in 2 patients (4 eyes). There were 20 eyes with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), including 6 eyes with cotton wool spots; 10 eyes with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR). The BCVA of the patients was 0.1-1.0. No obvious abnormality was found in anterior segment examination. The features of FP, IR and OCT were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In 20 eyes of AMN, irregular reddish brown lesions in the central or paracentral area of the macula in 14 eyes; FP showed no obvious abnormality in 6 eyes; IR showed irregular map like low reflection in the central or paracentral area of macular in all eyes; OCT showed hyperreflectivity in outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer, hyporeflectivity in the ellipsoid zone and photoreceptor layers in all eyes; no abnormal fluorecence was observed in 2 eyes examined by FFA. In 10 eyes with PLR, cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage were observed in the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area, and the peripheral retina was generally normal, Purtscher spot was found in 5 eyes and macular edema in 4 eyes; OCT showed strong reflex signal in neuroepithelial layers, edema in neuroepithelial layers in 6 eyes; in the 2 eyes examined by FFA, fluorescein leakage from the retinal vein wall was observed, the posterior pole and peripapillary area retinal arteriole occlusions showed patchy hypofluorescence, the fluorescence was obscured by retinal hemorrhage below at inferior retina.Conclusions:For AMN associated with COVID-19, IR can show the lesion contour, OCT shows lesions in the outer retina. PLR associated with COVID-19 are usually at the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area in FP, OCT shows neurocortical edema.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets in the treatment of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION).Methods:A multicenter nonrandomized controlled trial was conducted.A total of 282 acute NAION patients (282 eyes) were recruited from 16 hospitals in China from July 2020 to May 2021.Patients were divided into two groups according to treatment methods, which were control group (124 cases, 124 eyes) receiving regular treatment including citicoline sodium plus Ginkgo biloba leaf liquid extract or Ginkgo biloba leaf extract tablets plus mecobalamin, and experimental group (158 cases, 158 eyes) receiving treatment in control group plus oral anisodine hydrobromide tablets 1 mg, twice daily for 2 to 3 months.Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), visual field index (VFI), peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL) and radial peripapillary capillary vessel density (RPC) were assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 6 months after enrollment using the standard decimal visual acuity chart, 750i Humphery visual field analyzer, Cirrus HD-OCT 4000/Cirrus HD-OCT 5000, RTVue-XR optical coherence tomography respectively.The primary outcomes were BCVA and VFI, and the secondary outcomes were pRNFL, RPC, and the side effects during the follow-up.The study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.All patients were fully informed about the treatment and purpose of this study and voluntarily signed the informed consent form.The study protocol was approved by Chinese PLA General Hospital (No.S2020-021-01). Results:In all, 242 patients (242 eyes) completed the follow-up of BCVA, and 98 patients (98 eyes) completed the VFI follow-up.In terms of visual function, BCVA and VFI improved significantly over time in the two groups, and BCVA and VFI were better in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). In terms of structure, pRNFL gradually decreased in both groups with the extension of treatment, and pRNFL was significanthy thinner in experimental group than in control group at various follow-up time points (all at P<0.05). There was no significant difference in RPC between the two groups at the last follow-up ( P>0.05). There were two cases with side effects and one case was discontinued due to side effects 25 days after enrollment. Conclusions:Oral anisodine hydrobromide can improve visual acuity and visual field in NAION and accelerate the regression of optic disc edema, with good safety.

Objective: To establish a method for determination of methyl ethyl ketone in urine by headspace gas chromatography. Methods: In the urine sample(hereinafter referred to as urine sample), methyl ethyl ketone is pretreated by headspace technology, and a certain amount of head air is injected into the gas chromatograph, separated by capillary column, detected by hydrogen flame ionization detector, and the retention time is qualitative and the peak height is high. Peak area. Results: Good linearity was in the range of 0.01 to 6.0 μg/ml with a regression equation of y=13.316x+0.8497 and γ=0.9997.The minimum detectable concentration of methyl ethyl ketone was 0.01 μg/ml. The range intra-day RSD and inter-day RSD were 2.2%-5.5% and 2.5%-6.1% respectively. Urine samples can be stored for 20 days in the refrigerator at 4 ℃. Conclusion The method has a high advantage of sensitivity and accuracy, and also easy to operate. Therefore, it is suitable for the determination of methyl ethyl ketone in urine.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule （SFJD）-containing serum on human lung epithelial cells infected by influenza A virus， and investigate the protective effect of the drug on the cells and the potential antiviral effect. MethodThe SFJD-containing serum was prepared and used to treat human lung epithelial cells （BEAS-2B） cultured in vitro. The viability of cells treated with different concentrations of SFJD-containing serum was measured by the cell counting kit-8 （CCK-8）， and the optimal concentration of SFJD-containing serum was screened for subsequent experiments. BEAS-2B cells were classified into normal control， virus infection， and SFJD-containing serum groups， and the CCK-8 method was used to detect the survival rate of BEAS-2B cells after virus infection and drug administration. The expression of influenza virus nucleic acid in the cells of each group was determined， and the apoptosis of cells in different groups was observed by fluorescence microscopy. Real-time PCR was employed to determine the mRNA levels of influenza virus nucleoprotein （NP）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， and myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 （MyD88） in each group of cells. The immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the fluorescence intensities of TLR4， MyD88， and phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB （p-NF-κB） in lung epithelial cells. ResultCompared with that in the control group （normal serum）， the cell survival rates in the blank serum and the SFJD-containing serum （5%， 10%， and 20%） groups were 100.00%±0.00%， 89.05%±4.80%， 87.13%±5.90%， 93.83%±6.03%， and 99.33%±3.39%， respectively （P<0.01）. The SFJD-containing serum of 20% was selected as the optimal treatment for subsequent experiments. Compared with the normal control group， the virus infection group showed reduced cell survival rate （P<0.01）， and the reduction was increased by the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.01）. Compared with the virus infection group， SFJD-containing serum reduced the virus load （P<0.01） to decrease apoptosis. Compared with the normal control group， the virus infection group showed up-regulated mRNA levels of NP， TLR4， and MyD88 （P<0.01）， and the up-regulation was down-regulated by the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The fluorescence intensities of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-κB proteins in the cells increased after virus infection compared with those in the normal control （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and they were decreased after administration with the SFJD-containing serum （P<0.05）. ConclusionThe SFJD-containing serum can inhibit influenza virus in vitro by increasing the survival rate， reducing the apoptosis， and down-regulating the protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， and p-NF-κB in BEAS-2B cells.