Objective To study the protective effects of Tianma xingnao capsule on brain blood circulation in mice and rats.Methods The arteria carotis externa was ligated,and arteria carotis interna was kept.The left carotid artery was exposed and placed over an ultrasonic flow probe.The brain flow volume was recorded with an Ultrasonic Volume.The pursiness time of mice was observed to evaluate the effect of Tianma xingnao capsule on cerebral ischemia and anoxia.The permeability of normal blood-cerebral barrier was investigated in mice.Results Tianma xingnao capsule significantly increased brain blood flow and prolonged mouse pursiness time.Tianma xingnao capsule at a dose of 4 g/kg significantly elevated the content of Evans in mouse brain.Conclusions Tianma xingnao capsule can increase the brain blood flow in rats and improve brain blood circulation in mice.It is obviously advantageous to protect against cerebral ischemia and hypoxia.

Objective: The inhibition on the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell strain with different proliferative potential by ATRA was investigated in present study, which would benefit for the therapy of ATRA on colorectal carcinoma. Methods: The proliferation of LS174T and CW-2 colorectal carcinoma cell strain inhibited by ATRA was determined using cell observation, FACS and MTT methods. Results: The growth speed of LS174T cell strain was faster than that of CW-2. ATRA played a significant role on inhibiting the proliferation of LS174T and CW-2 cell strain and inducting the cell differetiation in vitro. Conclusions: ATRA could inhibit the growth of LS174T and CW-2 cell strain. ATRA could inhibit the proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cell and induce cell differentiation to some extent, which was correlated with the concentration of ATRA.

Objeetive To analyze the clinical efficacy of liver transplantation (OLT) for patients with hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS).Methods From 2008 to 2013,420 adult patients underwent liver transplantation in our hospital.There were 91 patients with,and 329 patients without,HPS.The 5-year survival and mortality rates after OLT for the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results There were no significant differences between patients without and with HPS in age,primary disease,Child-Pugh score,MELD score,cold ischemia time and warm ischemia time.However,the differences on serum albumin [(29.6 ± 1.2) g/L vs.(26.4 ± 1.6) g/L] and blood oxygen pressure [(61.0 ±9.0) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa) vs.(87.0 ± 6.0) mmHg] were significantly different (P ＜ 0.05).The 1-year cure rate was 65.9％ (60/91) in 91 patients with HPS after liver transplantation.The 1,3,5-year cumulative survival rates for patients without HPS were 97.3％,90.9％ and 80.3％,respectively,and the main causes of death were primary graft dysfunction,recurrent cardiovascular events and primary disease recurrence or tumors.The 1,3,5-year cumulative survival rates for patients with HPS were 65.9％,59.3％ and 56.0％,and the main causes of death were multiple-organ failure,pulmonary infection and cerebrovascular events.Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis showed that the survival of patients with HPS was significantly lower than that of patients without HPS (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Liver transplantation is the most effective treatment for patients with HPS,but the short-term mortality rate is relatively high.We still need to learn more about HPS to improve the survival rate of patients with HPS after liver transplantation.

Objective To study the anti-inflammatory,antitussive,and analgesia effects of Jinhua qingre capsules.Methods The anti-inflammatory effect was assessed by the methods include xylene-induced mouse auricular swelling and histamine-induced pigment oozing from skin vessel in rats;The antitussive and analgesic effect were assessed by ammonia water induced cough model and acetic acid-induced twisting method.Results In anti-inflammation experiment,the high dose (12 g·kg-1) and moderate (6 g·kg-1) groups of Jinhua qingre capsules showed significant inhibitory effect on auricular swelling and significant difference compared with control group (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05.);the high dose (10 g· kg-1) and moderate dose (5 g·kg-1) groups of Jinhua Qingre capsules play a marked inhibitory role in the increase in mouse peritoneal capillary permeability (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).In antitussive experiment,high dose (12 g· kg-1) and moderate dose (6 g· kg-1) groups had significant inhibitory effect on cough caused by ammonia water (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05) compared with control group.In analgesic experiment,the high dose (12 g·kg-1),moderate dose (6 g·kg-1),and low dose (3 g·kg-1) groups effectively reduced the writhing frequency of mice (P ＜ 0.01,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Jinhua qingre capsules have potential effects on anti-inflammatory,antitussive,and analgesic.

The histone methyltransferase EZH2 has been in the limelight of the field of cancer epigenetics for a decade now since it was first discovered to exhibit an elevated expression in metastatic prostate cancer. It persists to attract much scientific attention due to its important role in the process of cancer development and its potential of being an effective therapeutic target. Thus here we review the dysregulation of EZH2 in prostate cancer, its function, upstream regulators, downstream effectors, and current status of EZH2-targeting approaches. This review therefore provides a comprehensive overview of EZH2 in the context of prostate cancer.
DNA Methylation ; genetics ; Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 Protein ; Epigenesis, Genetic ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) deficient patients with clinical manifestation of Crohn's disease. Methods: Clinical manifestations, laboratory investigations, genetic testing and therapeutic interventions of one case of XIAP deficiency who was admitted to Department of Gastroenterology in Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine in May 2016 were summarized. PubMed and Chinese database for articles published from January 2016 to June 2017 were searched using the key words of'Crohn's disease’and'XIAP’, and the relevant literature was reviewed. Results: The case we reported was a 6-year-1-month-old boy with recurrent bloody stool for 2 months, and abdominal pain with fever for 2 weeks. The patient had a past history of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and epilepsy in the past one year. Complete blood cell count showed mild anemia (Hb108 g/L). The patient had an elevated high-sensitivity C reactive protein (86 mg/L) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (46 mm/1h) . White blood cells, pus cells and red blood cells were found on routine stool examination. Biochemical panel showed hypoalbuminemia (25.2 g/L) , elevated transaminase (alanine aminotransferase 175 U/L, aspartate transaminase 229 U/L) , hypertriglyceridemia (4.41 mmol/L) , and hyperferritinemia (>1 650.0 μg/L) . Magnetic resonance enterography revealed the intestinal wall thickening and increased enhancement in parts of illeum and colon. Capsule endoscopy revealed multiple ulcers in jejunum. Colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers in colon and the pathological examination revealed chronic inflammation in mucosa of terminal ileum and colon, which was combined with partial necrosis and ulceration. Some phagocytes were seen in bone marrow smears. The patient was given multiple diagnoses, including hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, Crohn's disease, sepsis, epilepsy, severe malnutrition, and hypoproteinemia. The pediatric Crohn's disease activity index (PCDAI) was 37.5. Genetic testing identified a hemizygotic mutation of c.910G>T chrX:123022501 p.G304X in XIAP. The parents had no such mutation. The patient showed response to infliximab with oral intake of mercaptopurine and corticosteroids, and had remission with PCDAI of 0. There were 9 relevant articles (Chinese 0 English 9), which showed 33.3% XIAP deficient patients manifested with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD), who might have other manifestations such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis or splenomegaly simultaneously or sequentially. Those patients showed poor response to monotherapy. Conclusion XIAP deficient patients have various clinical manifestations. Genetic testing is important to those male pediatric IBD patients who have the complicated symptoms or little response to standard therapy.

Objective: To explore the clinical features and complications of foreign bodies in the upper gastrointestinal tract in children and to investigate the effectiveness of endoscopic management. Methods: Data of patients with foreign bodies in upper gastrointestinal tract were collected retrospectively at Endoscopy Center, the Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, from January 2011 to December 2016. Clinical characteristics, the types of foreign bodies, the location and duration of foreign body impaction were summarized. The risk factors of complications and endoscopic removal failure were analyzed by using Logistic regression analysis. Results: A total of 1 334 patients (825 males and 509 females) were enrolled. The median age was 2.5 years, with a range from 0.25 to 15 years and peak age 1-3 years. Twenty patients had esophageal diseases. The most common foreign body ingested was coin (n=964, 72.3%). Foreign bodies were most commonly located in the esophagus (n=1 002, 75.1%), especially in the upper esophagus (n=857, 85.5%). The duration of foreign body impaction ranged from 3 hours to 5 years. Among 1 334 patients, 252 patients (18.9%) developed complications, including ulcers (n=101, 40.0%) and perforations(n=13, 5.2%). The success rate of endoscopic removal was 96.6% (n=1 288). By Logistic regression analysis, sharp foreign body ingestion (OR=6.893, 95%CI: 4.421-10.746) , esophageal impaction (OR=5.253, 95%CI:3.352-8.233) and foreign body impaction longer than 24 hours (OR=4.336, 95%CI:3.091-6.082) were risk factors of complications. Sharp foreign body ingestion was the risk factor of endoscopic failure (OR=5.372, 95%CI:2.773-10.406) . Conclusions Coin is the most common foreign body in upper gastrointestinal tract. Sharp foreign bodies impacted in the esophagus over 24 hours increase the risk of complications. Endoscopic removal of foreign bodies from the upper gastrointestinal tract in children has a high success rate. Sharp foreign body ingestion increases the risk of failure in endoscopic removing.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of enteral nutrition in children with accidental upper gastrointestinal injury. Methods: The medical records of 128 patients with mechanical or chemical gastrointestinal mucosal injury, who were hospitalized in Department of Gastroenterology, Children's Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine from January 1, 2011 to December 30, 2017, were collected. All cases were treated with enteral nutrition. The clinical features and etiologies were retrospectively analyzed. Weight-for-age Z score and lab findings including white blood cells, C-reactive protein, neutrophils, albumin, prealbumin, urea nitrogen and hemoglobin before and after treatment were extracted. The clinical characteristics, the duration of enteral nutrition and gastrointestinal mucosal healing between different etiologies were further analyzed. Normal distribution variables and categorized variables were compared with t test and χ² test respectively, and abnormal distribution data was compared with Wilcoxon test. Results: Among all the cases, 77 were males and 51 were females. The average age was (29±22) months. The mean duration of hospitalization and enteral nutrition were (11±7)d and (27±20)d respectively. Vomiting was the most common clinical presentation (72 cases, 56.3%). In 79 cases the problems were caused by mechanical injury, among which coins were most commonly seen. The rest 49 cases were caused by chemical injury. However, the duration of hospitalization ((13±8) d vs. (10±6)d, t=-3.089, P=0.002) and enteral nutrition ((39±22) vs. (19±14) d, t=-5.365, P=0.000) were longer in children with chemical injury than those with mechanical injury. A total of 112 cases got complete blood count and C-reactive protein both before and after enteral nutrition. Inflammatory markers, including leukocytes ((7.7±2.7) ×10⁹/L vs. (13.7±5.0) ×10⁹/L, t=12.244, P <0.05), neutrophils ((3.4±1.9)×10⁹/L vs. (9.4±4.6) ×10⁹/L, t=13.655, P<0.05), and C-reactive proteins (5.0(3.0,7.8) vs. 13.5(6.0,40.5) mg/L, Z=7.776, P <0.05) were significantly decreased. The nutritional markers, including the weight-for-age z score (-0.1 ± 1.0 vs. 0.0 ± 1.0, t=-2.622, P=0.010) and the prealbumin (0.1 ± 0.1 vs. 0.2 ± 0.0 g/L, t=-3.671, P=0.001) were significantly increased. Fifty-five (82.1%) children in mechanical injury group recovered in 4 weeks, while 27 (79.4%) children in chemical injury group recovered in 7 weeks. Conclusion Enteral nutrition can provide adequate nutritional requirements for children with upper gastrointestinal injury, and may help to decrease imflammation and improve mucosal healing.

To investigate the anti-pyretic and anti-endotoxin effect of Chinese herb medicine Jinhuaqingre capsules.Thirty healthy male New Zealand rabbits with lipopolysaccharide-induced fever were divided into 5 groups (6 rabbits in each): animals in model group were given normal saline by gavage, animals in positive control group were given aspirin (0.2 g/kg), and animals in Jinhuaqingre groups were given Jinhuaqingre capsules 6.0, 3.0 or 1.5 g/kg, respectively. The changes in body temperature of rabbits were observed. Fifty healthy Kunming mice were divided into 5 groups (10 mice in each): mice in model group were given normal saline by gavage, mice in positive control group were given aspirin (0.2 g/kg), and those in Jinhuaqingre groups were given Jinhuaqingre capsules 6.0, 3.0, 1.5 g/kg, respectively. Matrix coloration method was used to detect the degradation rate of endotoxin in mice.The body temperature in rabbits of high and medium dose Jinhuaqingre capsule groups declined significantly 60 min after drug administration, and the temperature of high-dose group returned to the baseline after 300 min; while the body temperature of low-dose group started to decline at 180 min after drug administration. The endotoxin degradation rates in mice of high, medium and low dose groups was (56.73±3.12)%, (47.23±1.77)% and (21.08±2.30)% at 30 min after drug administration; those were (82.76±1.00)%, (64.75±1.77)% and (38.21±1.57)% at 60 min after drug administration, respectively.Chinese herb medicine Jinhuanigre capsules have anti-pyretic and anti-endotoxin effects, which may provide a new option for the treatment of heat-toxin syndrome.
Animals ; Antitoxins ; pharmacology ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Fever ; chemically induced ; drug therapy ; Lipopolysaccharides ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Mice ; Rabbits ; Sodium Chloride ; therapeutic use

Androgen receptor (AR), a hormonal transcription factor, plays important roles during prostate cancer progression and is a key target for therapeutic interventions. While androgen-deprivation therapies are initially successful in regressing prostate tumors, the disease ultimately comes back as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) or at the late stage as neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). CRPC remains largely dependent on hyperactive AR signaling in the milieu of low androgen, while NEPC is negative of AR expression but positive of many AR-repressed genes. Recent technological advances in genome-wide analysis of transcription factor binding sites have revealed an unprecedented set of AR target genes. In addition to its well-known function in activating gene expression, AR is increasingly known to also act as a transcriptional repressor. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which AR represses gene expression. We also summarize AR-repressed genes that are aberrantly upregulated in CRPC and NEPC and represent promising targets for therapeutic intervention.
Epigenetic Repression ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics* ; Receptors, Androgen/genetics* ; Transcriptional Activation